Ko Origène—Neʼe Malave Feafeaʼi Tana ʼu Akonaki Ki Te ’Ēkelesia?
“Neʼe ko te pule lahi ʼaia ʼo te ʼēkelesia ʼaē neʼe hoa ki te kau ʼApositolo.” Neʼe vikiʼi feiā e Jérôme, te tagata fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu faka Latina te Vulgate, ia Origène te tagata fai teolosia ʼo te tolu sēkulō. Kae neʼe mole faka maʼuhigaʼi feiā ia Origène e te hahaʼi fuli. Ko ʼihi ʼe nātou faka ʼuhigaʼi ia ia ohage ko te aka kovi ʼaē neʼe tupu mai ai te ʼu akonaki hala. ʼI te ʼu palalau ʼo te tagata faitohi ʼo te 17 sēkulō, neʼe fēnei te ʼu fai fatufatu ʼo ʼuhiga mo Origène: “Ko tana ʼu akonaki fuli ʼe fakavalevale pea mo kākā, ko he meʼa kona ia ʼe fakatupu mate, ʼaē neʼe ina luaʼi ki te malamanei.” ʼI tona fakahagatonu, hili te ʼu sēkulō e fā ki tona mate, neʼe tala ki te hahaʼi fuli ko Origène neʼe ko te tagata heletiko.
HE KOʼE koa neʼe leleiʼia e ʼihi ia Origène, kae fehihiʼa ʼihi ki ai? Neʼe koteā tona mālohi ki te tuputupu ʼo te ʼu akonaki ʼo te ʼēkelesia?
Neʼe Gāue Mālohi Maʼa Te ’Ēkelesia
Neʼe tupu ia Origène ʼi te taʼu 185 ʼo totatou temi ʼi te kolo ʼo Alexandrie ʼi Esipito. Neʼe akoʼi katoa kia ia te ʼu tohi faka Keleka, kae ko Leonides, tana tāmai, neʼe ina fakatotonu age ki ai ke ina toe ako feiā mo te Tohi-Tapu. ʼI te taʼu 17 ʼo Origène, neʼe fai e te tuʼi Loma te lao ʼe ʼui ai ʼe ko he fakafeagai ki te lao takita fetogi lotu. Neʼe pilisoniʼi ai te tāmai ʼo Origène he neʼe liliu ko he Kilisitiano. ʼAki te faʼafai ʼo tona temi tūpulaga, neʼe lotomālohi ia Origène ke ʼalu mo tana tāmai ki te fale pilisoni pea mo mate maletile. ʼI tana sio ki te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe fufū ai te ʼu mutuʼi meʼa ʼa Origène e tana faʼe, moʼo tāʼofi tana mavae ʼi fale. ʼI tana tohi ki tana tāmai, neʼe kole fēnei age e Origène ki ai: “Tokaga naʼa fetogi tau fakakaukau ʼuhi ko mātou.” Neʼe nofo agatonu ia Leonides ʼo kaku ai mo tona mate, ʼo ina tuku tona famili ʼi te maʼuli masiva. Kae ʼi te kua lelei ʼo te ako ʼa Origène, neʼe kua feala tana ako te faka Keleka ʼo lava ai tana taupau tana faʼe pea mo tona ʼu kiʼi tēhina liliki e toko ono.
Neʼe fakatuʼutuʼu e te tuʼi ke ina fakagata te mafola ʼo te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano. Kae mai te ʼaluʼaga ʼaē neʼe faka ʼuhiga tana lao ki te kau ako pea mo te kau faiako, koia neʼe feholaki fuli ai te kau faiako Kilisitiano mai Alexandrie. Ka ʼolo te ʼu hahaʼi ʼaē ʼe mole ko he kau Kilisitiano ʼo kole ki te tūpulaga ko Origène ke ina akoʼi nātou, neʼe ina faka ʼuhiga te gāue ʼaia ohage ko he fekau mai te ʼAtua. Tokolahi ʼo tana kau ako neʼe nātou mamate maletile, pea ko ʼihi ia nātou neʼe mole heʼeki katoa tanatou ako. Logola te tuʼutāmaki ʼaē neʼe feala ke hoko kia ia, kae neʼe fakaloto mālohiʼi fakahāhā e Origène tana kau ako, peʼe nātou ʼi muʼa ʼo te ʼu tuʼi fakamāu, peʼe nātou pilisoni, peʼe ʼamanaki matehi ia nātou. ʼE fakamatala e te tagata fai hisitolia ʼo te fā sēkulō ko Eusèbe, ʼi te ʼamanaki matehi ʼo nātou, ko Origène “ ʼaki he lototoʼa neʼe fekita kia nātou.”
Neʼe ʼiʼita ai te hahaʼi tokolahi ʼe mole ko he kau Kilisitiano, ʼo nātou ʼui ko ia ʼaē neʼe tupu ai te maliu ʼo tonatou ʼu kaumeʼa ʼo nātou mamate ai. Neʼe tau hola mai te ʼu hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe nātou fia tā ia ia, pea neʼe tau hāo mai he mate fakamataku. Logope neʼe tonu ke feholaʼaki ia Origène mai te ʼu hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe nātou kumi ia ia, kae neʼe mole ina tuku tana ako ia te hahaʼi. Neʼe malave tana mole tuʼania pea mo tana faiga kia Démétrios, te ʼēpikopō ʼo Alexandrie. Koia, ʼi te fakaaʼu ʼa Origène ki tona taʼu 18, neʼe fakanofo ia ia e Démétrios ko te pule ʼo te faleako lotu ʼo Alexandrie.
Neʼe liliu foki ia Origène ko he tagata maʼuhiga ʼi te ako pea mo he tagata faitohi maʼuhiga. Ko ʼihi neʼe nātou lau neʼe ina fai te ʼu tohi e 6 000, kae ʼe lagi mole faʼa moʼoni te faʼahi ʼaia. ʼE ʼiloa tāfito ia Origène ʼuhi ko tana ʼu Hexaples, ko te foʼi tohi lahi ʼo te ʼu Tohi faka Hepeleo, ko ʼona ʼu koga liliki e 50. Neʼe fai e Origène te ʼu Hexaples ʼo ina vaheʼi ono ʼona pasina: (1) Ko te koga tohi faka Hepeleo pea mo faka Alamea, (2) te koga tohi faka Hepeleo ʼaē neʼe hiki ʼaki te ʼu mataʼi tohi faka Keleka, (3) te tohi faka Keleka ʼa Aquila, (4) te fakaliliu faka Keleka ʼa Symmaque, (5) mo te Septante faka Keleka, ʼaē neʼe fakaliliu fakaleleiʼi e Origène ke ʼalutahi mo te koga tohi faka Hepeleo, pea (6) mo te fakaliliu faka Keleka ʼa Théodotion. Neʼe tohi fēnei e te tagata sivi Tohi-Tapu ko John Hort, “ ʼaki te fakatahiʼi ʼo te ʼu koga tohi kehekehe ʼaia, neʼe fakaʼamu e Origène ke ina fakamālamaʼi te ʼu vaega ʼaē neʼe feala ke lotolotolua ai peʼe hēhē ai te tagata lautohi Keleka, mo kapau neʼe ina maʼu pe te tohi ʼo te Septante.”
‘ ʼE Fakalaka ʼi Te ʼu Meʼa ʼAē Kua Tohi’
Kae ko te maveuveu faka lotu ʼo te tolu sēkulō neʼe ʼi ai tona mafuliʼaga mālohi ki te faʼahiga fai ako faka Tohi-Tapu ʼa Origène. Logope neʼe hoki kamata te Keletiate, kae neʼe kua ʼulihi e te ʼu akonaki ʼaē ʼe mole fakatafito ki te Tohi-Tapu, pea neʼe akoʼi te ʼu akonaki ʼaia e tona ʼu ʼēkelesia ʼaē neʼe mavetevete.
Neʼe tali e Origène te tahi ʼu koga ʼo te ʼu akonaki ʼaia, ʼo ina ʼui ʼe ko te ʼu akonaki ia ʼa te kau ʼapositolo. Kae neʼe ina fai leva tana ʼu palalau ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu koga ʼaē. Neʼe fai age ki te tokolahi ʼo tana kau ako te ʼu fehuʼi faka filosofia ʼo te temi ʼaia. Moʼo tokoni kia nātou, neʼe fai e Origène te sivi fakalelei ʼo te ʼu faʼahiga faleako faka filosofia ʼaē neʼe nātou fakalalata te ʼu fakakaukau ʼo tana kau ako tūpulaga. Neʼe ina faigaʼi ke ina fai he ʼu tali ʼe mata feʼauga mo tanatou ʼu fehuʼi faka filosofia.
ʼI tana faigaʼi ke ina fakatahiʼi te Tohi-Tapu pea mo te filosofia, neʼe lahi tana fakaʼaogaʼi te puleʼaki ʼaē ko te fakamahino keheʼi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Maʼa ia, neʼe ʼi ai tuʼumaʼu te faka ʼuhiga fakalaumālie ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, kae ʼe mole tonu ke tou mahino kiai ohage ko tona tohi. Ohage ko tona fakatokagaʼi e te tagata poto, neʼe feala ai kia Origène “ke ina vakavakaʼi te Tohi-Tapu ʼaki te ʼu manatu neʼe mole ko he ʼu manatu faka Tohi-Tapu, kae neʼe ʼalutahi mo tana faʼahiga fakatuʼutuʼu faka teolosia, logola neʼe ina lau (pea neʼe lagi tui fakamalotoloto ki te faʼahi ʼaia) ko ia ʼe ko te tagata fakamahino mālohi pea mo agatonu ʼo te manatu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu.”
ʼE ʼiloga lelei te manatu ʼa Origène ʼi te tohi ʼaē neʼe ina fai ki te tahi ʼo tana kau ako. Neʼe ʼui ai e Origène neʼe faʼu e te kau Iselaele te ʼu naunau maʼa te fale lotu ʼaki te aulo ʼa te kau Esipito. ʼI te faʼahi ʼaia neʼe ina maʼu he lea fakatātā ke ina fakaʼaogaʼi te filosofia faka Keleka moʼo akoʼi te lotu faka Kilisitiano. Neʼe ina tohi fēnei: “Neʼe ʼaoga lahi te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe fetuku e te fānau ʼo Iselaele mai Esipito, neʼe mole fakaʼaogaʼi lelei e te kau Esipito, kae ʼaki te poto ʼo te ʼAtua, neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e te kau Hepeleo maʼa te tauhi ki te ʼAtua.” Neʼe fakaloto mālohiʼi ai e Origène tana kau ako ke nātou “toʼo mai te filosofia ʼo te kau Keleka te meʼa ʼaē ʼe feala ke akoʼi peʼe teuteuʼi maʼa te lotu faka Kilisitiano.”
Ko te faʼahiga fai ʼaia ʼaē neʼe mole hona tuʼakoi moʼo fakamahinohino ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe ina fakaliliu ai ʼo faigataʼa te fakakeheʼi ʼo te akonaki faka Kilisitiano mai te filosofia faka Keleka. Ohage la, ʼi tana tohi On First Principles, neʼe fakamahino ai e Origène ʼo ʼuhiga mo Sesu ‘ko te ʼAlo ʼulu tokotahi, ʼaē neʼe tupu, kae mole ʼi ai hona kamataʼaga.’ Pea neʼe ina toe ʼui fēnei: ‘Ko tana tupu ʼe heʼegata ia. Neʼe mole foaki age ia te mānava ʼo te maʼuli ʼo liliu ai ko te ʼAlo, peʼe ʼi he gāue mai tuʼa, kae ʼaki pe te ʼuhiga totonu ʼo te ʼAtua.’
Neʼe mole maʼu e Origène te manatu ʼaia ʼi te Tohi-Tapu, koteʼuhi ʼe akoʼi mai e te Tohi-Tapu ko te ʼAlo ʼulu tokotahi ʼo Sehova, ʼe ko “te ʼuluaki-tupu ʼo te ʼu meʼa fuli ʼaē neʼe fakatupu” pea ko “te kamataʼaga ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe fakatupu e te ʼAtua.” (Kolose 1:15, MN; Apokalipesi 3:14, MN ) Maʼa Augustus Neander, te tagata fai hisitolia ʼo te lotu, neʼe tali e Origène te manatu ʼo te “tupu heʼegata” ʼuhi ko te ʼu akonaki faka filosofia ʼo te faleako ʼaē ʼe akoʼi ai te ʼu manatu ʼa Platon.” Koia, neʼe maumauʼi ai e Origène te pelesepeto faka Tohi-Tapu maʼuhiga ʼaenī: “ ʼAua naʼa koutou fakalaka ʼi te ʼu meʼa ʼaē kua tohi.”—1 Kolonito 4:6, MN.
Neʼe Lau Ko Ia Ko Te Heletiko
ʼI te ʼu ʼuluaki taʼu ʼo te faiako ʼa Origène, neʼe fakahifo ia ia e te Fono ʼi Alexandrie mai tona tuʼulaga patele. Neʼe lagi hoko te faʼahi ʼaia ʼuhi ko te maheka ʼa te ʼēpikopō ko Démétrios ki te kua logona ʼa Origène. Neʼe ʼalu ai ia Origène ki Palesitina, ʼaē neʼe lahi ai tona ʼofainaʼi he neʼe kei ina taupau fakalelei te ʼu akonaki faka Kilisitiano, pea ʼi te fenua ʼaia neʼe hoko atu ai tona tuʼulaga patele. ʼI tona fakahagatonu, ʼi te malaga ake ʼa te kau “heletiko” ʼi te potu Hahake, neʼe kole age kia Origène ke ina fakalotoʼi te kau ʼēpikopō ʼaē kua hēhē ke nātou toe liliu mai ki te ʼu ʼuluaki akonaki ʼo te lotu. Hili tona mate ʼi te 254 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe fakatupu maveuveu te higoa ʼo Origène. Koteā tona tupuʼaga?
ʼI te temi ʼaē neʼe liliu ai ʼo maʼuhiga te lotu ʼaē ʼe lau ko te lotu faka Kilisitiano, neʼe faka haʼu ʼo mahino lelei te meʼa ʼaē neʼe tali e te ʼēkelesia ko te akonaki ʼuluaki. Koia, neʼe lahi te ʼu manatu loi pea mo te ʼu manatu faka filosofia ʼa Origène neʼe mole faʼa mahino lelei, neʼe mole tali e te kau teolosia ʼo te ʼu temi ki muli mai. Koia, neʼe fakatupu maveuveu tana ʼu akonaki ʼi te loto ʼēkelesia. ʼI tana faiga ʼaē ke fakagata te ʼu fihi ʼaia pea mo taupau te logo tahi ʼi te loto ʼēkelesia, neʼe ʼui papau e te ʼēkelesia ko Origène ʼe ko te heletiko.
Neʼe mole hala tokotahi ia Origène. ʼI tona fakahagatonu, neʼe fakakikite e te Tohi-Tapu ko te tokolahi ʼe nātou līaki anai te ʼu akonaki maʼa ʼa Kilisito. Neʼe kamata mafola te ʼapositasia ʼi te fakaʼosiʼosi ʼo te ʼuluaki sēkulō, ʼi te ʼosi mate ʼo te kau ʼapositolo ʼa Sesu. (2 Tesalonika 2:6, 7) Koia, ko ʼihi ʼaē ʼe nātou lau ʼe nātou Kilisitiano, neʼe nātou ʼui “ ʼe kei nātou pipiki ki te ʼu ʼuluaki akonaki,” kae ko nātou fuli ʼaē “ko te kau heletiko.” Kae ʼi tona fakahagatonu, kua lahi ʼosi te maliu ʼa te Keletiate mai te lotu faka Kilisitiano moʼoni.
“Te Meʼa ʼAē ʼe Higoaʼi Hala ‘Ko Te ʼAtamai Mālama’ ”
Logola te ʼu tuʼuga loi ʼa Origène, ʼe maʼu ʼi tana ʼu tohi te ʼu faʼahi ʼe ʼaoga. Ohage la, neʼe tuʼu ʼi te ʼu Hexaples te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua ʼi tona faʼahiga tohi ʼāfea, ʼaki te ʼu mataʼi tohi faka Hepeleo e fā, ʼaē ʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te Tetalakalame. Ko te faʼahi ʼaia neʼe ina fakamoʼoni lelei, neʼe ʼiloʼi pea neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi e te ʼu Kilisitiano te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua—ʼaē ko Sehova. Kae neʼe fakatokagaʼi fēnei e te pateliaka ʼo te ʼēkelesia ʼo te nima sēkulō: “ ʼE hage te ʼu tohi ʼa Origène ko he malaʼe ʼe lahi ai te ʼu fisiʼi teu kehekehe. Kapau ʼe ʼau maʼu ai he fisiʼi teu matalelei, pea ʼe ʼau toliʼi anai; kae kapau ʼe ʼau sio ki he meʼa ʼe hage ʼe talatala, pea ʼe mole ʼau fāfā anai kiai naʼa ʼau tuia ai.”
ʼI tana fio te ʼu akonaki faka Tohi-Tapu mo te filosofia faka Keleka, neʼe lahi te ʼu hala ʼi te manatu faka teolosia ʼa Origène, pea ko tona ʼu ikuʼaga neʼe fakatupu kovi ki te Keletiate. Ohage la, logope neʼe lahi te ʼu loi ʼa Origène neʼe mole fakaʼaogaʼi, kae ko tana manatu ʼo ʼuhiga mo te “tupu heʼegata” ʼo Kilisito neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi moʼo fakatafito kiai te akonaki ʼo te Tahitolu ʼaē ʼe mole ko he akonaki faka Tohi-Tapu. ʼE fakahā fēnei e te tohi The Church of the First Three Centuries: “Ko te manako ki te filosofia [ʼaē neʼe kamata e Origène] neʼe mole fakatuʼutuʼu ia ke pulihi.” Neʼe koteā tona fua? “Neʼe ʼulihi te manatu faigafua ʼo te tui faka Kilisitiano, pea neʼe lahi leva te ʼu manatu hala neʼe maʼu ʼi te loto ’Ēkelesia.”
Ki te faʼahi ʼo Origène, neʼe feala ke mulimuli ki te fakatokaga ʼa te ʼapositolo ko Paulo pea ke ʼaua naʼa lagolago ki te ʼapositasia ʼaia, “ ʼo lītuʼa ki te ʼu akonaki noa ʼaē ʼe nātou moamoagaʼi te meʼa ʼaē ʼe maʼoniʼoni, pea mo te ʼu fakafeagai ʼo te meʼa ʼaē ʼe higoaʼi hala ‘ko te ʼatamai mālama.’ ” Kae ʼi tana fakatafito tana ʼu akonaki ki te taʼi “ ʼatamai mālama” ʼaia, neʼe “hēhē [ia Origène] mai te tui.”—1 Timoteo 6:20, 21; Kolose 2:8, MN.
[Paki ʼo te pasina 31]
Neʼe fakahā e te ʼu “Hexaples” ʼa Origène, neʼe tuʼu te huafa ʼo te ʼAtua ʼi te ʼu kogaʼi Tohi-Tapu faka Keleka ʼa te ʼu ʼuluaki Kilisitiano
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]
Published by permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library, T-S 12.182
[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 29]
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