Isifo Sentliziyo—Isisongelo Sobomi

NYAKA ngamnye izigidi zamadoda nabafazi ehlabathini lonke bahlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Abaninzi bayasinda nakubeni oko kuye kube nomphumo kamva. Abanye abasindi. Kwabanye intliziyo iba buthathaka kangangokuba “kuyathandabuzeka ukuba bangabuyela kwimisebenzi ebebeqhele ukuyenza ngaphambili,” ingcali ngezifo zentliziyo uPeter Cohn walek’ umsundulo esithi: “Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukusiphelisa ngokukhawuleza sisaqala isifo sentliziyo.”

Intliziyo sisihlunu esimpompa igazi ukutyhutyha umzimba. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo (myocardial infarction), kwenza ukuba inxalenye ethile yezihlunu zentliziyo zingasebenzi ngenxa yokungalifumani igazi. Ukuze intliziyo ihlale iphilile, ifuna ioksijeni nezinye izinto ezondla umzimba ezihanjiswa ligazi. Ifumana ezi zinto ngemithambo ethumela nebuyisa igazi entliziyweni, efika isongeke ijikeleze intliziyo.

Izifo zinokuchaphazela naliphi na ilungu lentliziyo. Noko ke, esona sifo sixhaphakileyo sesemithambo ethumela nebuyisa igazi entliziyweni esibizwa ngokuba yimibhobho ehambisa igazi (atherosclerosis). Xa esi sifo siqala, ukungcola okanye amafutha ahlala kule mithambo. Emva kwethuba elithile, la mafutha nokungcola ayafumba, aze aqine yaye abangele le mithambo ibe mxinwa kuze oko kuthintele igazi lingampompozeli kakuhle entliziyweni. Sesi sifo esiqalisa kanye kule mithambo ithumela nebuyisela igazi entliziyweni (CAD[coronary artery disease]) esibangela inkoliso yezifo zentliziyo.

Ukuvaleka komnye okanye kwemininzi kule mithambo isa igazi entliziyweni kukhawulezisa uhlaselo xa intliziyo ifuna ioksijeni engakumbi kunaleyo iyifumanayo. Kwanemithambo engemxinwa kangako, inokubangela ihlwili (thrombus). Imithambo enesifo ikwanokubangela inkantsi. Kwindawo ebekukho inkantsi kunokuqalisa ihlwili, hlwili elo elikhupha umchiza owucutha ngakumbi lo mthambo usa igazi entliziyweni, nto leyo ebangela ubani ahlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo.

Xa isihlunu sentliziyo singayifumananga kuselithuba ioksijeni, isicwili esikufuphi sisenokwenzakala. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izicwili, isihlunu sentliziyo asiyileki ngokutsha. Xa olu hlaselo luthabatha ithuba elide, ubuthathaka bentliziyo buthabath’ unyawo nto leyo enokubangela ukufa. Ukuba inkqubo yentliziyo ayisebenzi kakuhle, ukubetha kwentliziyo okuqhelekileyo kunokuphazamiseka yaye inokuqalisa ukubetha ngendlela engaqhelekanga (fibrillate). Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngolo hlobo kuyenza isilele ukumpompela igazi ebuchotsheni. Kwimizuzu nje elishumi ubuchopho buyayeka ukusebenza kuze kulandele ukufa.

Ngaloo ndlela, uncedo olukhawulezileyo lukagqirha luyafuneka yaye lubalulekile. Lungayinceda intliziyo kumonakalo ohambela phambili, kuyenze ibethe ngendlela efanelekileyo, yaye lungabusindisa kwanobomi bomntu lowo.