Masikwazise Kwiintlanga Ezahlukahlukeneyo ZaseThailand Ezihlala Ezindulini
Kuphithizela abantu kwiimarike ezikwisixeko iChiang Mai. Banyakazela apho bephethe izinto ezintle ezingaqhelekanga. Abathengi bathetha nabathengisi befuna ukuthotyelwa amaxabiso kuloo ndawo iphithizelayo. Kukule ndawo inyakazelayo abathi abakhenkethi abaye kumntla weThailand badibana khona nezi ntlanga zahlukahlukeneyo zaseThailand zihlala ezindulini.
ETHAILAND kukho abemi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-65, nani elo eliquka amaqela angama-23 abantu bomthonyana aziwa ngokuba ziintlanga ezihlala ezindulini. Uninzi lwala maqela luhlala kumntla weThailand, ummandla oneentaba, imilambo neentlambo ezichumileyo ezifika eMyanmar naseLaos.
Uninzi lwazo lwafika kule minyaka ingama-200 idluleyo. Uhlanga lwamaKaren lulolona hlanga lukhulu phakathi kwezintandathu ezinkulu yaye luvela eMyanmar. Wona amaLahu, amaLisu nama-Akha avela eYunnan kummandla weentaba okumzantsi-ntshona weTshayina. Yaye amaHmong namaMien avela kumbindi weTshayina.a
Izizwe ezininzi zafuduka kuba zazibaleka iimfazwe, iingxaki zobomi nangenxa yokuba zazifuna umhlaba ochumileyo.b Umntla weThailand wawuyeyona ndawo zazinokubalekela kuyo kuba wawuthe qelele, uneentaba yaye ungenabemi baninzi. Yaye zazivumelekile ukuba zihlale eThailand. Kwathi kungekadluli xesha lide kwabe sele kukho iintlanga ezinezithethe ezingafaniyo nezithetha iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo kwezo nduli.
Indlela Engaqhelekanga Yokunxiba Nezithethe Ezahlukahlukeneyo
Hlanga ngalunye lubonakala ngendlela eyahlukileyo olunxiba ngayo. Ngokomzekelo amabhinqa angama-Akha athwala iiqhiya ezisilva ezifana neenqaba ezinamalaphu amahle neengqekembe zemali. Ezinye iiqhiya zifana nesigcina-ntloko esenziwe ngentsimbi nesihonjiswe ngamaqhosha abengezelayo, amaso neebhola. Amabhinqa ama-Mien mahle xa enxibe iibhulukhwe ezihonjiswe ngemithungo yaye kuthatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuzithunga. Ukongezelela koko anxiba iiqhiya ezinkulu, iidyasi eziphela emaqatheni nezinemiqala enoboya kunye nemibhinqo eluhlaza.
Xa sele ezifake zaphelela izinxibo zawo, amabhinqa ezi ntlanga azihombisa ngezinto ezininzi zesilivere ezijingayo ezibonisa abantu ababukeleyo ukuba akatshatanga yaye anemali, nto leyo enokutsala amasoka. Ezinye izinto azihombisa ngazo yiglasi, amaplanga nemisonto.
Uninzi lwaba bantu luzithanda gqitha izithethe zalo. Ngokomzekelo, amaKaren akwishumi elivisayo anxiba kakuhle kakhulu xa esiya emingcwabeni kunaxa esiya kwezinye iziganeko. Kutheni esenjenjalo nje? Abantwana abaninzi abakwishumi elivisayo baya apho ukuya kukhangela abantu abaza kutshata nabo. Kuthi kwakutshona ilanga, umlisela nomthinjana ubambane ngezandla, uthi chu ungqonge isidumbu uze ucule iingoma zesintu ezithetha ngothando ubusuku bonke.
Ulutsha lwamaHmong luqalisa ukuthandana ngoxa ludlala umdlalo okhethekileyo ebudeni bombhiyozo woNyaka Omtsha. Amakhwenkwe namantombazana ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ayathandana, aye enze umgca ejongene. Emva koko, enye kula makhwenkwe iye iphoselane nentombazana ngebhola ethambileyo eyenziwe ngelaphu. Xa omnye kubo eye wayiwisa le bhola—ngabom okanye ngempazamo—kuye kufuneke anike lowo ebephoselana naye omnye wemihombiso yakhe emincinane. Xa ubusuku sele buhambile, umntu unokuphinda ayifumane loo nto ebenikise ngayo, kodwa ke kufuneka aqale acule. Ukuba ucule kamnandi, unokuzenza athandwe ngabantu abaninzi, aphinde abe namathuba amahle okufumana umntu aza kuthandana naye.
Indlela Yokuhlangabezana Nokutshintsha Kweemeko
Phambili phayaa iintlanga ezininzi ezihlala ezindulini zazigawula zize zitshise amahlathi, zitshabalalisa amahlathi angazange achukunyiswe ukuze zilime zize zifuye. Le nto yabangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwimekobume. Kodwa ngoku abantu sele bekwazi ukuwuphatha kakuhle umhlaba yaye loo nto iye yanemiphumo emihle.
Ngenxa yendlela olwaluphila ngayo eGolden Triangle—ummandla oquka iinxalenye zeThailand, iLaos, neMyanmar—uninzi lwezi ntlanga zasezindulini lwaludla ngokulima iopium. Noko ke, kutshanje lulima ikofu, imifuno, iziqhamo neentyatyambo, yaye luncedwe ziinkqubo zokunaniselana ngezilimo ezixhaswa yintsapho yasebukhosini yaseThailand kwakunye noncedo oluvela kumaziko ehlabathi. Ezininzi kwezi ntlanga ziyathengisa, zenzelane imisebenzi ethile kwakunye nezinto ezenziwe ngezandla, zinto ezo ezenza ukuba abantu beze ngobuninzi kwelo lizwe.
Noko ke, ubuhlwempu, inkqubo yogutyulo engekho mgangathweni, nokungafundi, kwenza ubomi bube nzima kubantu abaninzi. Ezinye izinto ezingathandekiyo apho ziquka ukuphela kwezinto zemvelo, ukutshintsha kwenkcubeko, ubuhlanga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi notywala. Ookhokho bezi ntlanga zasezindulini baya eThailand bebaleka kwaezi ngxaki zifanayo. Kodwa banokubalekela phi kule mihla?
Indawo Yokubalekela Enokuthenjwa
Ezininzi kwezi ntlanga zihlala ezindulini ziye zafumana eyona ndawo yokubalekela izodlula zonke—uThixo wenyaniso, uYehova. IBhayibhile ithi kwiNdumiso 34:8: “Ngcamlani nibone ukuba uYehova ulungile; inoyolo indoda eyomeleleyo esabela kuye.” UJawlay wohlanga lwamaLahu, uthi: “Ndandineminyaka eli-19 ubudala ukutshata kwam, ndilinxila elikwalikhoboka leziyobisi. Ndandingakwazi kusebenza xa ndingafumananga ziyobisi yaye xa ndingasebenzi ndandingabi namali. Inkosikazi yam, uAnothai yayiziva ingahoywanga yaye ingathandwa. Sasixambulisana umhla nezolo.
Kuthe kusakuzalwa intwazana yethu, uSuphawadee, uAnothai waqalisa ukufunda iBhayibhile namaNgqina kaYehova. Ayesithi xa esityelele amaNgqina ndibaleke ndiye kuzimela ehlathini. Noko ke, akuzange kube kudala, isimilo senkosikazi yam saya sithandeka. Yaqalisa ukuthetha nam ngembeko yaza yayenza yonke imisebenzi yayo yasekhaya. Ngoko ndavuma isakundikhuthaza ukuba ndifunde iBhayibhile.
“Njengoko iimfundiso zeBhayibhile zazindifikelela intliziyo, ndaya ndisenza inkqubela. Ndincedwa nguThixo, ndada ndahlukana nezinto ezazindikhobokisa. Sithethanje sonke sonwabe ngokwenene, kuba sifumene eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yobomi! Kanti siyakuthanda nokuxelela abantu bezinye iintlanga ezihlala apha ezindulini ngeemfundiso ezinyulu zeBhayibhile.”
Amazwi kaJawlay asikhumbuza isiprofeto esiseBhayibhileni kwincwadi yeSityhilelo esithi, kwiintsuku zokugqibela zeli hlabathi lingendawo ‘iindaba ezilungileyo ezingunaphakade’ ziya kushunyayelwa ‘kuzo zonke iintlanga nezizwe neelwimi nabantu.’ (ISityhilelo 14:6) AmaNgqina kaYehova akugqala njengelungelo ukuba nenxaxheba kulo msebenzi ubonisa ukuba uThixo uyabathanda bonke abantu kuquka neentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiinduli zaseThailand.—Yohane 3:16.
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Iintlanga ziyakwazi ukuthiywa amagama aliqela. Ngokomzekelo kumazwe awahlukahlukeneyo uhlanga lwamaMien lubizwa ngokuba ngamaLu Mien, amaMian, amaYao, amaDao, amaZao okanye amaMan.
b Ziseninzi iintlanga ezihlala eTshayina, eVietnam, eLaos, naseMyanmar. Kutshanje kukho eziliqela eFransi, eOstreliya, eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe.
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16]
NGABA UKUFAKA IINTSIMBI ZOMQALA ZIYENZA NDE INTAMO?
Amabhinqa amaninzi angamaKayan afaka iintsimbi ezimenyezelayo eziziisentimitha ezingama-38 kwiintamo zawo.c Amantombazana aqala ukuzifaka eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Emva kweminyaka ethile afaka ezinye iintsimbi ezisindayo, njengokuba ekhula la mantombazana anxiba iintsimbi ezingama-25 ezinobunzima obuphantse bube ziikhilogram ezili-13! Ngokwahlukileyo kwindlela akhangeleka ngayo, iintamo zawo azikho nde. Kunoko, ezi ntsimbi zicinezela ingqosha neembambo.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
c AmaKayan asuka eMyanmar aya eThailand apho kusahlala khona angama-50 000. Apho abizwa ngokuba ngamaPadaung gama elo elithetha “Iintambo Ezinde.”
[Inkcazelo]
Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 17]
AMABALI NGOMKHUKULA OMKHULU
AmaLisu namaHmong anamabali ngomkhukula omkhulu. Kwibali lamaHmong “INkosi Yesibhakabhaka” ilumkisa abafana abalekelanayo ababini ngomkhukula oza kugubungela umhlaba wonke. Iyalela umkhuluwa onogonyamelo ukuba akhe inqanawa yentsimbi aze umninawa olulamileyo akhe inqanawa yeplanga. Emva koko iyalela umninawa ukuba akhwelise udadewabo omncinane, inkunzi nemazi yeendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zezilwanyana neembewu ezimbini zazo zonke iintlobo zezityalo kule nqanawa.
Zithi zakuna izantyalantyala zemvula, inqanawa yentsimbi izike kodwa yona eyeplanga ihambe phezu kwamanzi. Inamba emile njengomnyama iyawomisa umhlaba. Kuthi ekugqibeleni umninawa atshate nodadewabo ize inzala yabo iwuzalise umhlaba. Phawula ukuba kukho izinto ezifanayo kweli bali nelo lichanileyo libhalwe kwiBhayibhile Engcwele kwiGenesis isahluko sesithandathu ukuya kutsho kwese-10.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 16, 17]
Amabhinqa ahlala ezindulini asifake saphelela isinxibo sawo
[Inkcazelo]
Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 17]
UJawlay nentsapho yakhe
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 15]
Both pictures: Hilltribe Museum, Chiang Mai