Abantwana Abangenamakhaya Ngubani Obekek’ Ityala?
Ngumbhaleli kaVukani! eBrazil
NGOBUNYE ubusuku uFrancisco uthabatha umkakhe nabantwana bakhe baya kwindawo yasekuhlaleni ekuthengiswa kuyo ipayi ipizza. Kwindawo yokupakisha, inkwenkwe enxibe iimpahla ezidlakadlaka iyazinikela ukuba ilondoloze inqwelo-mafutha kaFrancisco ngoxa intsapho inandipha isidlo. Xa uFrancisco nentsapho yakhe beshiya ivenkile yokudlela, le nkwenkwe ikhongozela ngomdla ukuze yamkele iinkonzwana ezimbalwa, ngenxa yenkonzo yayo. Ezinzulwini zobusuku kwizitrato zesixeko, abantwana abafana nayo bazabalazela ukufumana iindlela zokuziphilisa. Abangxamelanga kuhamba, ekubeni isitrato silikhaya labo.
ABANTWANA abangenamakhaya bagqalwa njengabalahliweyo libutho labantu ibe baye bachazwa ‘njengabantwana abangenabani’ okanye ‘njengabantwana abalahliweyo.’ Inani labo laphula izikeyi ibe liyoyikisa—lithelekelelwa likwizigidi ezingama-40. Phofu ke, kunzima ukufikelela kwinani elichanileyo. Noko ke, ngelishwa, zonke iingcaphephe ziyavumelana ukuba le ngxaki iyanda kulo lonke ihlabathi, ingakumbi kuMzantsi Merika. Umbono wabantwana abangenamakhaya abaziqhusheke kwiminyango okanye abacela imali ulusizi kangangokuba ibutho labantu alibaquki kwiinkcukacha zamanani ezingabo benzakeleyo, alibakhathaleli, ibe lidlula nje kubo. Kodwa uluntu alusenako ukukunyamezela oko. NgokweUNICEF (INgxowa-mali YeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Yokunyamekela Abantwana BeZizwe NgeZizwe), ama-60 ekhulwini kubantwana abangenamakhaya abaphakathi kweminyaka esibhozo neli-17 ubudala asebenzisa izinto eziwenza abe ngathi asemaphupheni, abangama-40 ekhulwini basebenzisa iziselo ezinxilisayo, abali-16 ekhulwini bangamakhoboka eziyobisi, ibe abangama-92 ekhulwini basebenzisa icuba. Ibe ekubeni bengenabo ubuchule obunokusebenziseka kwezorhwebo, ngokufuthi baphila ngokungqiba, ubusela, okanye ukuba ngoonongogo. Bekhula ‘bengabantwana abangenabani,’ basengozini yokuba ziinjubaqa, ibe abantwana abaziinjubaqa basisisongelo sonqabiseko lwalo naluphi na uluntu.
Iphephandaba laseBrazil iO Estado de São Paulo lanikela le ngxelo ngokuphathelele iqela labantwana abangenamakhaya: “Abanazintsapho zakwamawabo, bengenazalamane, ibe abanalo ithemba ngekamva. Suku ngalunye baluphila ngokungathi lolokugqibela. . . . Aba bantwana . . . abaphozisi maseko: Kwimizuzwana nje engephi, bayayihlutha iwotshi yesihlahla yomntwana okwishumi elivisayo, bemke netsimbi yomqala yenenekazi, bakhuthuze indoda eseyikhulile. Ibe kwakhona abathabathi xesha lingakanani banyamalale phakathi kwesihlwele. . . . Aba bantwana baqalisa besebancinane . . . ukuba neentlobano zesini. Amantombazana aneshumi elinanye leminyaka ubudala namakhwenkwe ane-12 leminyaka ubudala ayahlangana andule ke aluphelise olo nxulumano lothando kwinyanga enye okanye ezimbini, ngokulula njengokuba bebeluqalisile.”
Isizathu Sokuba Bahlale Ezitratweni
Akuyondlwan’ iyanetha ukunceda abantwana abangenamakhaya. Enye ingxelo yabonisa ukuba abangama-30 ekhulwini kubantwana abahlala ezitratweni babesoyika kangangokuba bala ukunikela nayiphi na inkcazelo engemvelaphi yabo, nkqu namagama abo kwabasemagunyeni. Kodwa kutheni behlala ezitratweni nje? Ngaba kungenxa yomnqweno wokuba befuna ukuzilawula? Kwakunjalo ngomnye oselula waseBrazil owathi wayengenakubuyela kowabo kwakhona ngenxa yokuba uyise wayengayi kumvumela ukuba enze nantoni na ayithandayo. Noko ke, ngokwephephancwadi laseMexico iEl Universal, esona sizathu siyintloko sokwanda kwamanani abantwana abahlala ezitratweni kukulahlwa ngooyise. Ngalo ndlela, ukuwohloka komtshato kunokubekw’ ityala njengonobangela oyintloko wokwanda kwamanani abantwana abahlala ezitratweni.
Ukongezelela, bambi abazali abanankathalo ekunyamekeleni abantwana babo, bayababetha, bebaxhaphaza ngokwesini, bebagxotha, okanye babatyeshele nje. Ngokomphumo, umntwana ophethwe kakubi okanye ongakhathalelwanga ngokufuthi uvakalelwa kukuba kulunge ngakumbi ukuba abe yedwa, nokuba kusezitratweni.
Kanti, abantwana bafuna inyameko enothando nokhokelo. Oku kwavakaliswa kakuhle nguJames Grant, igosa leUNICEF. Kucatshulwa amazwi akhe kwinqaku lomhleli leLatin America Daily Post elalinomxholo othi “Abantwana Nekamva,” uthi: “Kubudala beminyaka emithathu okanye emine, ama-90 ekhulwini eeseli zobuchopho bomntu sele enxityelelanisiwe ibe ukukhula kwabo sekuhambele phambili ukusa kwinqanaba apho indlela yobomi bonke bukabani sele imiselwe. Ngoko ke loo minyaka yokuqala kufuneka inyameko enzulu, ukukhusela amalungelo abantwana okubuvelisa ngokupheleleyo ubuchule babo nokuba babe luncedo kwinkqubela-phambili yoluntu ukuze babe negalelo elipheleleyo kwimpilontle yeentsapho zabo nakwizizwe zabo.”
Ngaloo ndlela, abakhi-mkhanyo baxhalabile, bebek’ ityala kwezoqoqosho, koorhulumente, okanye kuluntu ngokubanzi ngabantwana abangenamakhaya. Inqaku lomhleli elikwalinye laqhubeka lisithi: “Inkqubo yokukhusela amalungelo abantu okanye eyezoqoqosho ‘yokusetyenziswa kwemali ekuncedeni abantwana’ ayenzanga nkqubela ingako. . . . ‘Uhlengahlengiso lwezoqoqosho’ ngokufuthi luye lwathetha ukuba izixa zokutya neemfuno zemihla ngemihla ziye zarhoxiswa. . . . Ukufikelela kwincopho yokwanda kokunqaba kwemisebenzi nokwehla kokwenene kwemivuzo, iziphazamiso ezinjalo ziye zathetha ukuba owona mthwalo unzima wokudodobala kwezoqoqosho uye wadluliselwa kwabo bangenako ukuwuthwala—iintsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo nabantwana bazo.”
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi kusesinye isizathu sokuba lande inani labantwana abahlala ezitratweni. Abazali baya kubatyhalela ezitratweni abantwana babo ukuze bafumane nakuphi na abanokukufumana, enoba kungayiphi na indlela. Phofu ke, kutheni kunzima kangaka ukucombulula ingxaki yabantwana abangenamakhaya?