Iingxaki Ngezemidlalo Namhlanje
ABANTU babedla ngokuyithethelela imidlalo besithi yayixabisekile kuba yayisakha isimilo somntu. Babesithi imidlalo yayikhuthaza ukuwuxabisa umsebenzi onzima, umoya omhle wobuntu novuyo lokudlala. Kodwa kwabaninzi namhlanje, loo mazwi avakala engenantsingiselo, kude kuthiwe ngawokuhanahanisa.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukugxininisa ekuphumeleleni. Iphephancwadi iSeventeen likubiza oku ngokuthi “licala elingalunganga lezemidlalo.” Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba, ngokutsho kweli phephancwadi, “ukuphumelela kubangela ukuba ukunyaniseka, umsebenzi wesikolo, impilo ulonwabo nezinye iinkalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zobomi zingabi saxhalatyelwa. Eyona nto iphambili iba kukuphumelela.”
Amava kaKathy Ormsby, imbaleki yodumo yakwanokholeji eUnited States, asetyenziswa ukubonisa imiphumo ebuhlungu yokugxininisa ngokugqithiseleyo ekuphumeleleni kugqatso lweembaleki. NgoJuni 4, 1986, iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba emisele irekhodi yamabhinqa akwanokholeji kweli lizwe kugqatso lweembaleki lweemitha ezili-10 000, uKathy owayekukhuphiswano lobuntshatsheli kwiNCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association [Umbutho Wesizwe Weembaleki Zakwanokholeji]), wathi cebu kuhle kwindlela yogqatso waza wagqotsa ukusinga kwibrorho eyayikufutshane, waza watsiba kuyo ezama ukuzibulala. Wasinda, kodwa wafa wonke lo mzimba ungezantsi.
UScott Pengelly, ingcali yezifo zengqondo enyamekela iimbaleki, wathi imeko kaKathy asiyomeko ingaqhelekanga. Emva kwelinge likaKathy lokuzibulala, lo kaPengelly wanikela le ngxelo: “Ndatsalelwa iminxeba ngabantu ababesithi, ‘Ndivakalelwa ngendlela efanayo.’” Kwaye enye imbaleki, uMary Wazeter weYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown, eyamisela irekhodi kumgama onokuba ziikhilomitha ezingama-21,7 koontanga bayo kwelo lizwe, yazama ukuzibulala ngokutsiba ebrorhweni yaza yafa umzimba ubomi bayo bonke.
Ingcinezelo yokuphumelela, yokwenza njengoko kulindelwe, inokuba nkulu, yaye imiphumo yokungaphumeleli inokwenzakalisa. UDonnie Moore, umphosi webhola obalaseleyo kwiqela lebaseball iCalifornia Angels, kwafuneka ephose ngokuphumelelayo kube kanye khon’ ukuze iqela lakhe likwazi ukungenela imiDlalo Yobuntshatsheli Behlabathi yebaseball yowe-1986. Kodwa umbethi webhola kwiqela leBoston wabetha ibhola waza wenza umtsi owabangela ukuba iqela leBoston liwuphumelele loo mdlalo laza laziintshatsheli zeAmerican League. UDonnie, owathi ngokutsho kwabahlobo bakhe wakhathazeka kakhulu ngokusilela kwakhe, wazidubula waza wazibulala.
Umoya Omkhulu Wokhuphiswano
Enye ingxaki ekhoyo kwezemidlalo ngumoya omkhulu wokukhuphisana. Asikokuzibaxa izinto ukuthi abo bakhuphisanayo basenokuguqulwa isimo sabo sengqondo baze, ngokungathi kunjalo babe ngamarhamncwa akhohlakeleyo. Xa wayeyimbethi-manqindi eyinjinga kudidi lwanzima, uLarry Holmes wathi kwakufuneka atshintshe xa ekhwela eqongeni. Wachaza ngolu hlobo: “Kufuneka ndibushiye ngaphandle ubuntu, ndize ndivath’ iqaqa, okomntu onobuntu obumbaxa, obulungileyo nobubi.” Abadlali bakhulisa umoya wokuziqoba besenza umgudu wokuthintela ezinye iincutshe ezifana nabo ukuba zingaphumeleli.
Owayesakuba ngumqeqeshi weqela labadlali bebhola ekhatywayo wathi: “Ufanele uvuth’ amalangatye, ibe intiyo iwagcina elephuza loo malangatye.” Kukho ingxelo ethi nalowo wayesakuba ngumongameli waseUnited States uRonald Reagan wakhe walixelela oku iqela labadlali bebhola ekhatywayo lakwanokholeji: “Unokuba nentiyo elungileyo ngalowo udlala ngokunxamnye naye. Yintiyo elungileyo ekubeni ibonakala kuphela xa nikhuphisana emdlalweni.” Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene kulungile ukuhlakulela ukuba nentiyo ngabo udlala ngokunxamnye nabo?
UBob Cousy, owayesakuba ngumdlali obalaseleyo kumdlalo webhola yomnyazi kwiqela leBoston Celtics, wakhe wabalisa ngoxanduva awalunikwayo lokubek’ esweni uDick Barnett, umdlali owayeyincutshe ekufakeni amanqaku weqela leLos Angeles Lakers. UCousy wathi: “Ndandizivalele egumbini lam imini yonke. Ekuphela kwento endandiyenza yayikukucinga ngalo Barnett, ndizipheka ndizophula ndicinga ngendlela endandinokudlala ngayo ngokunxamnye naye yaye ndisakha ukumthiya. Ngexesha lokungena kwam ebaleni, ndandifutheke kangangokuba ukuba uBarnett wayenokuthi nje ‘molo’ mhlawumbi ngendamkhaba emazinyweni.”
Inyaniso yeyokuba, ngokufuthi abadlali bazama ukubathibaza ngabom abo badlala ngokunxamnye nabo, yaye bafumana umvuzo ngokwenza oko. UIra Berkow, umbhaleli wamaphephandaba wemihlathi yezemidlalo, wathi umdlali webhola ekhatywayo okwaziyo ukunqumla iimpondo umdlali odlala ngokunxamnye naye ukuze angakwazi ukuqhubeka nomdlalo “uyawolwa aze agonwe [ngamaqabane eqela lakhe] ngomsebenzi omhle awenzileyo. Ukuba umntlithe ngokwaneleyo loo mdlali, . . . ekupheleni koludwe lwemidlalo uye avuzwe enoba kungomvuzo othe chatha okanye, kwabo bangekabi ngabadlali abaziintshatsheli, avuzwe ngomsebenzi ongakumbi. Ngaloo ndlela abadlali bayazidla ngamagama aziziqhulo abawanikwayo, afana nelithi Skhohlakali Joe Greene, Jack (Sigebenga) Tatum,” njalo njalo.—IThe New York Times kaDisemba 12, 1989.
UFred Heron, umdlali wasemva weqela lebhola ekhatywayo iSt. Louis, wabalisa oku: “Abaqeqeshi basixelela ukuba umdlali wasemva welinye iqela [iCleveland Browns] wayenentamo ebuthathaka. Bacebisa ukuba, ukuba ndifumene ikroba, ndifanele ndizame ukumkruna intamo. Ngoko ebudeni bomdlalo ndatyhoboza phakathi kwabadlali, ndadlula kumdlali osesiswini nowokuqala ngasemva, ndaza ndajamelana naye. Ndambamba entloko ndaza ndazama ukumkruna intamo, ibe wayibhutyabhutya loo bhola yaza yaphuncuka. Amaqabane eqela lam ayendincoma kakhulu. Kodwa ndambukela loo mdlali ethe tywa phantsi ebonakala egcuma ziintlungu. Ngequbuliso ndazibuza oku, ‘Ngaba ndiye ndajika ndaba sisilwanyana? Lo ngumdlalo, kodwa ndizama ukulimaza umntu.’” Sekunjalo, uHeron waphawula oku: “Ababukeli babendiqhwabela izandla.”
Abantu abaninzi baye bavakalisa ubuhlungu bokuba ukwenzakala okubangelwa ngulo moya mkhulu wokukhuphisana kuye kwaba yeyona ngxaki iphambili kwezemidlalo namhlanje. Ngelishwa, kwizigidi ezenzakalayo kukho nabantwana abathi besebancinane bafakwe kwimidlalo yokhuphiswano olugqithiseleyo. Ngokutsho kweQumrhu LaseUnited States Elijongene Nokukhuseleka Kwezinto Ezithengiswayo, nyaka ngamnye abantwana abazizigidi ezine bayanyanyekelwa kumagumbi abagula kakhulu ngenxa yokwenzakala emidlalweni yaye abangakumbi abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezisibhozo banyanyekelwa ngoogqirha beentsapho.
Abantwana abaninzi ngoku bayenzakala ngenxa yokuziqoba, nto leyo eyayinqabile ngaphambili. Xa abantwana babedlalela nje ukuzonwabisa, babesithi bakwenzakala bagoduke yaye babengadlali de umonakalo okanye ingqaqambo iphele. Kodwa kwimidlalo ekukhuphiswana ngamandla kuyo nelungelelanisiweyo, ngokufuthi abantwana bayaqhubeka bedlala, besenzakalisa amalungu omzimba asele ebuhlungu okanye eqaqamba. Ngokutsho kowayesakuba ngumphosi webhola yebaseball obalaseleyo uRobin Roberts, abona bantu babangela le ngxaki ngabantu abakhulu. “Babeka ebantwaneni babo ingcinezelo enkulu—ngokwasengqondweni nangokwasemzimbeni—ithuba elide kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba babe bayilungele.”
Imali Nokuqhatha
Enye ingxaki ngezemidlalo kukuba imali iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili ixhalatyelweyo. Ukubawa kubonakala kuyinto ephambili kwezemidlalo kunokuba umoya omhle nokunyaniseka emdlalweni kunjalo. Umbhali wemihlathi yephephandaba kwiThe Denver Post uJay Mariotti uvakalisa ubuhlungu esithi: “Kubuhlungu ukunikela ingxelo yokuba, umoya omhle kwezemidlalo waphela ngokupheleleyo ebudeni beminyaka yee-1980. Ezemidlalo zingenele iminyaka yee-1990 njengomoya ozokuqwenga impucuko yethu, umzi-mveliso omkhulu kakhulu, wezigidi-gidi zeerandi ezingenakubalwa (enyanisweni, ngowamawaka ali-[R173,5] ezigidi, owama-22 kwimizi-mveliso emikhulu yaseMerika) othi maxa wambi uchazwe kakuhle ngakumbi ngokuthi lishishini lomgunyathi.”
Kunyaka ophelileyo abadlali abali-162 abakumbutho ophambili webaseball eUnited States—abangaphezu komnye kwabahlanu babo—bafumana imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezithathu zeerandi emnye, yaye owona mvuzo uphakamileyo wawunokuba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezisibhozo zeerandi. Ngoku unyaka kamva, abadlali abangaphezu kwe-120 baya kuhlawulwa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezihlanu ezinesiqingatha seerandi emnye, kuquka abangama-32 abaya kwamkela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezisibhozo zeerandi emnye, yaye ubuncinane omnye uya kufumana ngaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi elinesine seerandi, ukususela kowe-1992 kuse kowe-1995! Ukufuna imali nemivuzo ephakamileyo kuye kwayinto eqhelekileyo nakweminye imidlalo.
Kwanakwimidlalo yakwanokholeji, ngokufuthi kugxininiswa emalini. Abaqeqeshi abaphumelelayo bafumana imivuzo encumisayo, besamkela imali efikelela kwizigidi ezithathu zeerandi ngonyaka kumvuzo wabo nakwimali abayifumana kumashishini athile ngokwenza izibhengezo zentengiso. Izikolo ezinamaqela ebhola ekhatywayo akufanelekelayo ukudlala kwimidlalo yobuntshatsheli yokuphela konyaka eUnited States zifumana izigidi ezininzi zeerandi—kunyaka wakutshanje zifumene izigidi ezili-151. Umphathi wakwanokholeji uJohn Slaughter uchaza oku: “Amaqela ebhola ekhatywayo nawebhola yomnyazi afanele angenise imali, yaye ukuze angenise imali kufuneka aphumelele.” Oku kuphumela kumahla-ndinyuka angathandekiyo apho eyona nto iphambili ikukuphumelela—nemiphumo eyintlekele.
Ekubeni imisebenzi yabadlali bebhola abahlawulwayo ixhomekeke ekuphumeleleni, phantse badla ngokwenza nayiphi na into ukuze baphumelele. Owayesakuba ngumdlali webaseball obalaseleyo uRusty Staub uthi: “Akusengomdlalo. Lishishini lenkohlakalo nokusebenzisa amandla.” Ukuqhatha kuyanwenwa. Umdlali webaseball odlala emacaleni ebala uChili Davis uchaza oku: “Ukuba akuqhathi, akuzami ukuba uphumelele.” Umdlali odlala phakathi ebaleni uHoward Johnson weqela iNew York Mets uthi: “Wenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuba akunakubhaqwa.”
Ngaloo ndlela umlinganiselo wokuziphatha usingelwa phantsi, yaye le ikwayenye ingxaki enkulu kwimidlalo yakwanokholeji. UHarold L. Enarson, owayesakuba ngumphathi weYunivesithi yeLizwana laseOhio uyavuma esithi: “Bambi abaqeqeshi nabalawuli bokhuphiswano lwemidlalo bayaqhatha, ngoxa abaphathi nabaphathiswa besenza ngokungathi abakuboni oko.” Kunyaka wakutshanje, iiyunivesithi ezingama-21 eUnited States zohlwaywa nguMbutho Wesizwe Weembaleki Zakwanokholeji ngokwaphula umthetho, ibe kusenziwa uphando kwezinye ezingama-28.
Alimangalisi elokuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yabadlali abaselula iyonakaliswa, nto leyo eyenye ingxaki ephambili ngezemidlalo namhlanje. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zokwandisa amendu abadlali kuqhelekile, kodwa ukufunda ngokufuthi akunjalo. Olunye uhlolisiso olukhulu luqinisekisa ukuba abadlali abahlala kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo naneenkqubo zemidlalo ezininzi bachitha ixesha elininzi ekudlaleni umdlalo abawuthandayo ebudeni bonyaka kunokuba befundisisa nokuya kumagumbi okufundela. Uhlolisiso lwaseburhulumenteni lukwafumanise ukuba bangaphantsi komfundi omnye kwabahlanu abangabadlali abaye baphumelele kunyaka wabo wesithathu kwanokholeji nakwiiyunivesithi zaseMerika ezinomdlalo webhola yomnyazi ophambili nolungiselelwe amadoda.
Kwanabafundi abambalwa abangabadlali abathi ekugqibeleni baphumelele kwimidlalo yabahlawulwayo baze bafumane imivuzo ephakamileyo ngokufuthi baba ziintshatsheli ezingoongantweni. Abakwazi ukuyinyamekela imali nokujamelana neenyaniso zobomi. UTravis Williams ofe kulo Februwari udlulileyo owayelihlwempu elingenandawo yokuhlala nowayeneminyaka engama-45 ubudala ngomnye wemizekelo yoko. Ngowe-1967, xa wayesadlala kwiqela lebhola ekhatywayo leGreen Bay Packers wamisela irekhodi esekhoyo nangoku kumdlalo webhola ekhatywayo kumaqela ahlawulwayo aseUnited States, ngokuthi abaleke umlinganiselo weemitha ezingama-37,6 ephethe ibhola ukususela oko yayikhatyiwe. Wakhe wathi ngoxa wayekwanokholeji “zange kufuneke ukuba aye egumbini lokufundela. Wayefika nje ngexesha lokuqhelisela nelokuya emidlalweni.”
Ingxaki Yababukeli
Namhlanje abantu bachitha ixesha elingakumbi bebukele imidlalo kunelo balichitha bedlala, ibe oku kuye kwaphumela kwiingxaki eziphawulekayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuya kubukela imidlalo ngokufuthi kubandakanya ukuchanabeka kwindlela yokuziphatha okuvakalala kwaneyogonyamelo yabanye ababukeli. Imilo iqhelekile kwamanye amabala emidlalo anomoya ovuselela iimvakalelo, ibe amakhulu abantu aye enzakala yaye abathile baye babulawa ngoxa babelapho.
Kodwa namhlanje abona babukeli baninzi ababikho ngokoqobo kumabala emidlalo, imidlalo bayibukela kumabonwakude. EUnited States, usasazo lwezemidlalo lweeyure ezingama-24 luchitha ixesha elininzi ekusasazeni ezemidlalo ngaphezu kokuba amanye amaziko osasazo aphambili esenza ukusasaza iindaba zosuku! Kodwa ngaba ukubukela imidlalo egumbini lakho uwedwa akunazingxaki?
Akunjalo. Elinye ibhinqa lathi: “Sekuyiminyaka umyeni wam ebazi bonke abadlali bamaqela ahlawulwayo, ibe akayedwa. Bambalwa kakhulu abahlobo bakhe abangayibukeli ngokuthe rhoqo imidlalo. Olona lwaphulo-mthetho lukhulu olubandakanywa kuko konke oku yimpembelelo okunayo oku ebantwaneni,” ngokutsho kweli bhinqa. Longezelela lisithi: “Iyandicaphukisa into yokuba umyeni wam esebenzisa ixesha lakhe lobuqu ebukele imidlalo yaye engandicingeli mna nabantwana.”
Ngaba eso sisikhalazo esingaqhelekanga? Akunjalo konke konke. Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ezintsatsheni, kukho amalungu entsapho achitha ixesha elininzi kakhulu ebukele ezemidlalo nto leyo ebangela ukuba awatyeshele amanye amalungu entsapho. Omnye umfazi ohlala ekhaya waseBrazil walatha kumphumo oyingozi woku: “Uthando nokuthembana kwendoda nomfazi zinokuthi ngokuthe ngcembe zityeshelwe, kubekwa umtshato esichengeni.”
Abathandi bezemidlalo abalungelelananga nangezinye iindlela. Ngokuqhelekileyo babenza izithixo abadlali, nto leyo abanye abadlali ngokwabo abayibona iyingxaki. Incutshe yaseJamani kumdlalo wentenetya uBoris Becker yathi: “Xa ndandingena kwidolophu endihlala kuyo, abantu bathi xhonxosholo bendijonge ngokungathi babelindele iintsikelelo ezivela kuPopu. Xa ndandijonga amehlo abalandeli bam . . . ndandicinga ukuba ndibona amarhamncwa. Amehlo abo ayethe ntsho yaye ekhangeleka engenabomi.”
Alithandabuzeki elokuba, imidlalo inokuba ngamandla anomtsalane abangela ukuchulumanca nokunyaniseka okunzulu. Abantu abatsalwa kuphela yindlela abadlali abadlala ngayo njengeqela nabubuchule bokudlala kodwa kwanakukungaqiniseki ngeziphumo zomdlalo. Bafuna ukwazi ukuba ngubani oza kuphumelela. Ngaphezu koko, ezemidlalo zinika izigidi zabantu uyolo koko bekunokuba bubomi obuyindinisa kubo.
Sekunjalo, ngaba imidlalo inokubazisela ulonwabo abantu? Ngaba zikho iingenelo zokwenene enokuzizisa? Yaye unokuziphepha njani iingxaki ezinxulumene nezemidlalo?
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 23]
Ukunqulwa Kwezemidlalo
UTom Sinclair-Faulkner waseKhanada uye wema ngelokuba ‘umdlalo wehockey yasemkhenkceni uthetha okungaphezu komdlalo nje eKhanada: uba lunqulo kwabaninzi.’ Esi sisimo sengqondo esiqhelekileyo esiboniswa ngabathandi bezemidlalo abaninzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaphi na.
Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States ezemidlalo ziye zaphawulwa ngokuba ‘zilunqulo oluvunyiweyo lwehlabathi.’ Isazi ngengqondo yabadlali uDavid Cox waphawula ukuba “kukho ukudibana okukhulu phakathi kwezemidlalo nendlela isichazi-magama esiluchaza ngayo unqulo.” UMnu. Cox wongezelela esithi, abanye “abantu babaphatha abadlali ngokungathi bangoothixo okanye iingcwele.”
Abathandi bezemidlalo bancama izinto ezinkulu, benikela ixesha nemali kwimidlalo yabo, ngokufuthi okubangela ukuba iintsapho zabo zitsale nzima. Abathandi bezemidlalo bachitha iiyure ezininzi gqitha bebukela kumabonwakude ukhuphiswano lwezemidlalo. Bayazidla ngokunxiba imibala yeqela abalithandayo yaye bayibonisa ekuhleni imifuziselo yabadlali. Ngomdla bacula amagwijo baze ngokungqokola bavume amagwijo abafanisa njengabazinikeleyo kumdlalo wabo.
Abadlali abaninzi bakwathandazela intsikelelo kaThixo ngaphambi kokuba umdlalo uqale baze baguqe phantsi besenza umthandazo wombulelo emva kokuba befumene inqaku. Kumdlalo weNdebe yeHlabathi ngowe-1986, enye incutshe yebhola ekhatywayo yaseArgentina yathi sisandla sikaThixo esayifakela inqaku eyalifakayo. Ibe njengabanquli abaninzi, kwanabathandi bezemidlalo bakwaphawulwe ngokuba “ngabangenakuguquka kwimilinganiselo abakholelwa kuyo.” Oku kuzinikela ngokugqithiseleyo kuye kwakhokelela kwimilo ephalaza igazi, maxa wambi ebulalayo, phakathi kwabathandi bezemidlalo bamacala akhuphisanayo.
Ngokufanayo nonqulo lobuxoki, “unqulo lwehlabathi” lwezemidlalo luvelisa “iingcwele,” izithethe, izikhumbuzo zabantu abafayo nokunqulwa ngabalandeli bayo ababawayo kodwa kungekho ntsingiselo yokwenene okanye ehlala ihleli ebomini babo.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 21]
Ngokufuthi abadlali bayenzakala
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 22]
Ukubukela ezemidlalo kumabonwakude kunokubangela ukwahlulelana kwentsapho