Ukuqalisa Nokuwohloka Kwenkqubo Yorhwebo Lwehlabathi
Icandelo 5—Inkqubo Enkulu Yezorhwebo Iyaluqinisa Ulawulo Lwayo
PHANTSE iMfazwe Yehlabathi I yayingekapheli ngokupheleleyo xa imeko embi yoqoqosho lwaseYurophu yenza kwacaca ukuba inkulu inkathazo esezayo. Ekupheleni kukaOktobha 1929, yehl’ intlekele. Amaxabiso ezahlulo zamashishini eNew York ehla kanobom. Abantu banxuba. Kungekudala emva koku amakhulu eebhanki abhanga. Amawaka abantu alahlekelwa zizigidi zeerandi, bambi babo bantu bazibulala ngokuziphosa ezantsi kwizakhiwo ezingoorhec’ izulu.
UkuDodobala Okukhulu Kwezoqoqosho kwalizisela intlekele yezoqoqosho lonke ihlabathi kwaza kwalidudulela kwisiphithiphithi sezobupolitika esalandelayo ngokuxhokonxa iimeko ezazisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Unjingalwazi wezifundo zembali uRené Albrecht-Carrié wachaza iminyaka yee-1930 njengeminyaka “eyayiphawulwe apha naphaya ngamanqam, awayebangelwa yintlekele yezoqoqosho.”
Ngaloo ndlela, kwiminyaka engaphantsi kwama-20 emva kowe-1914, kwakucace mhlophe ukuba iinkqubo zoqoqosho lwehlabathi zazingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yenkulungwane entsha. Oku kuyaphawuleka, ekubeni ngokobalo lwamaxesha eBhayibhile nangokwesiprofeto sikaThixo, ukuvumela kukaThixo abantu ukuba bazilawule ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwaphela ngowe-1914. Ngaloo nyaka wenguqulelo, uThixo wamisela uBukumkani basezulwini obabuya kwenza ukuba ubukho babo obungabonakaliyo baziwe ngeziganeko ezibonakalayo. Obunye bobu bungqina bukhankanywe kuMateyu isahluko 24, kuLuka isahluko 21 nakwiSityhilelo isahluko 6, zahluko ezo esikukhuthaza ukuba uzifunde.
Obunye ubungqina obubalaseleyo bokuba uBukumkani bumiselwe bobokuba umhlaba usaqhubeka usonakaliswa ngabemi bawo. (ISityhilelo 11:18) Ngenxa yokuba sijamelene nongcoliso lomhlaba, ukonakaliswa komoya othintela ukugqatsa kwelanga nentlekele enokubakho kummandla wobomi nebangelwa kufufudumala komoya ojikeleze umhlaba, sinesizathu esaneleyo sokugqiba kwelokuba esi siprofeto siyazalisekiswa ngoku.
Inkqubo Enkulu Yezorhwebo —Ngaba Ingumngcolisi Oyintloko?
Inguqulelo yezorhwebo yabeka isiseko sohlobo olungaqhelekanga lwenkqubela—inkqubela eyenza ukuba kube lula, kukhawuleze yaye kungadli mali ukuvelisela abantu oko bakufunayo nabakusweleyo kodwa ethi kwangaxeshanye ibangele imvula yeasidi, idale ukuchitheka kwemichiza ize itshabalalise amahlathi anemvula ehlabathini; inkqubela ebangela ukuba abakhenkethi bakwazi ukuya komnye ummandla womhlaba ngeenqwelo-moya ukuze babe nokungcolisa unxweme olwalucocekile ngaphambili yaye besonakalisa umhlaba; inkqubela ethi ngokungcolisa umoya, ukutya namanzi ethu isisongele ngokusibulala ngaphambi kwexesha.
Ngaphandle kokuvelisa ubugcisa obuye babangela ukonakaliswa komhlaba, inkqubo enkulu yezorhwebo ikwavelise nezizathu ezishukumisele abantu koku. Njengokuba iphephancwadi iTime latshoyo, “ukuthi phithi thwanga kwabantu besukela inzuzo ngokushishina kudala kungumthombo oyintloko wongcoliso.” Ingcali yezoqoqosho kwicandelo lokunyamekela amahlathi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo icatshulwe njengethi ‘ukugawulwa okungekho mthethweni [kwamahlathi anemvula] ngenjongo yorhwebo kubangelwa kukubawa.’
Kwaneenkqubo ezingezozabukapitali zinetyala elifanayo. Ngowe-1987 umcholacholi weendaba uRichard Hornik wabhala ukuba “phantse kangangamashumi amathathu eminyaka yolawulo lobuKomanisi, iPeking yayimi ngelokuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba iinkqubo zokuphucula intlalo yoluntu zibangele ukonakaliswa kwemeko-bume.” Kodwa ngoku ixesha lokujamelana nemiphumo lifikile, yaye kwaneTshayina ikubonile “ukonakaliswa kwemeko-bume yinkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho.”
Omnye umcholacholi weendaba wawubiza umonakalo owabangelwa lungcoliso ebudeni beminyaka engama-40 yembuqo eMpuma Yurophu ngokuba “yeyona mfihlelo ingcolileyo yobukomanisi.” Ngoku kungona umlinganiselo womonakalo uqala ukubonakala, njengoko kucingelwa ukuba iBitterfeld, eziikhilomitha ezingama-50 ngentla kweLeipzig, idume ngokuba isenokuba sesona sixeko singcole gqitha kummandla osenokuba ngowona ungcolileyo ehlabathini.
Iziqhamo Zokhuphiswano Oluqatha
Kwananjengokuba izenzo zethu neendlela ezininzi esisabela ngazo ziphenjelelwa ubukhulu becala lunqulo naziipolitiki, ngoko sikwaphenjelelwa ukusa kumkhamo omkhulu yinkqubo enkulu yezorhwebo. Enyanisweni, ulawulo lwayo oluqinileyo eluntwini mhlawumbi lusenokubonwa kakuhle gqitha kwindlela ebuxonxa ngayo ubuntu babantu.
Esona siseko inkqubo yorhwebo lobukapitali eyakhelwe kuso, umoya wokhuphiswano oluqatha, sifunyanwa kuyo yonk’ indawo—esikolweni, emsebenzini, kwiindawo zehlabathi zokuzonwabisa nezemidlalo, yaye maxa wambi kwanasentsatsheni. Abantwana bafundiswa beseziintsana ukuba babe nomoya wokukhuphisana, ukuba ngabona bagqwesayo, babe kwindawo yokuqala. Ukuma kakuhle ngokwezoqoqosho kujongwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo, yaye zimbalwa izalelo kwindlela yokwenjenjalo. Ngenxa yempumelelo, amadoda namabhinqa akhuthazelwa ukuba abe namabhongo, abe ndlongondlongo nokuba ndlongondlongo xa kuyimfuneko.
Oosomashishini baqeqeshelwa ukuba babe ngabantu abanobuhlobo nabalungileyo. Kodwa ngaba ezi mpawu ngamaxesha onke zibonisa ubuntu babo bokwenyaniso, okanye ngaba maxa wambi zibonakalisa isigqubuthelo abasinxiba njengoko bephumeza indima yabo? Ngowe-1911, uEdgar Watson Howe, umcholacholi weendaba waseMerika, wanikela eli cebiso: “Xa umntu ezama ukukuthengisela into, mus’ ukucinga ukuba ulunge ngolo hlobo ngalo lonke ixesha.”
Ukhuphiswano luvelisa iimvakalelo zokuba nomona, ikhwele, nokubawa. Abantu abaphumelelayo basenokuqalisa ukuzicingela bephakamile, oko kubenza babe nekratshi yaye baziphakamise. Kwelinye icala, abo basoloko bengaphumeleli basenokuphelelwa kukuzixabisa, okubangela ukuphelelwa lithemba. Bejamelene neengcinezelo zokhuphiswano abangakwaziyo ukumelana nazo, basenokukhetha ukurhoxa, okusisimo sengqondo esinceda ukucacisa isizathu sokwanda kokuzibulala kwabantu abaselula kumazwe athile.
Ngokusilela ukuvelisela wonk’ ubani ngokulinganayo izinto eziyimfuneko ebomini, iinkqubo zezoqoqosho ezingasebenziyo zisenokuguqulela abanye abantu ekubeni ngabangenambulelo, abazingcayo yaye kwelinye icala nabangenazimvakalelo baze abanye babe buhlungu, bazisizele, bazisole baze benze amacebo obuqhophololo. Yaye ngokubalaselisa ukuba nemali nokuma kakuhle ngezinto eziphathekayo ngokokude oku kuye kwinqanaba lokuba nguthixo, urhwebo lunokubaphulukanisa abantu ngokulula nobumoya babo.
Amandla Ayinkohliso Emali
Kwakuba nje kuqaliswe ukusetyenziswa imali kwibutho labantu, yaqalisa ukungena kulo lonke ibutho labantu yaye, ngaloo ndlela, iphembelela iinkqubano zabantu. Inkqubo yokubekwa kwamaxabiso entengo yenza izinto ezithengiswayo nemisebenzi eyenzelwa abantu ngurhulumente zaba nexabiso elingokwemali. Kungekudala yonke into yabiza imali, ethe yona yangumlinganiselo ekulinganiswa ngawo ukubaluleka kwazo zonke izinto. Noko ke, oku kwayisitha inyaniso eveliswa kakuhle yingoma ethi “ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ebomini zifumaneka simahla.”
Kwanemigangatho yabantu iye yalinganiswa ngemali, ngokusisiseko ibonwa ngomvuzo okanye ngezinto abanazo. Umcholacholi weendaba uMax Lerner wakuqonda oku ngowe-1949, xa wabhala oku: “Kwimpucuko yethu abantu abangqiyame ngezityhwentywe zemali sibenza amaqhawe, yaye sinikela ingqalelo kungekuphela nje kwelo candelo baziingcali ezivunyiweyo kulo, kodwa nakubulumko abanabo ngawo nawuphi na umbuzo ehlabathini.” Kutshanje unondaba uye wavakalisa ukungavisisani nembono eyendeleyo kamongameli waseUnited States yokuba umntu ngumntu ngokobutyebi anabo. Lo msasazi wafumanisa ukuba yaba “kukubalaseliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinto eziphathekayo okwabangela iminyaka yee-1980 yaba yileyo abantu bathi ‘Le yiminyaka yam elishumi,’ ixesha laxa wawuya kwaziwa uze uqondwe ngezinto onazo.”
Ukugxininisa ngokugqithiseleyo emalini nakwizinto ezinokuthengwa ngayo kutyekele ekukusingeleni phantsi ukubaluleka kolwalamano lwabantu. Umfana waseBangladesh, emva kokuba efudukele kwiYurophu yobukapitali, eneneni wahlab’ emxholweni xa wathi: “Abantu balapha banomdla ezintweni; ekhaya sinomdla ngakumbi ebantwini.”
Kwakhona isimo sengqondo sokubeka imali phambili siyawuthoba umgangatho womsebenzi, siwenza kuphela ube yindlela nje yokufikelela usukelo lukabani, ube ngumthwalo onzima ungabi sonwabisa. Umntu akasebenzi kuba efuna ukufumana uvuyo ngenxa yokufeza okuthile okanye uvuyo lokunika abanye izinto abazisweleyo, kodwa nje ukuze afumane imali. Eneneni esi simo sengqondo sibangela ukuba ubani aphulukane novuyo ngenxa yokuba “ukupha kunoyolo ngaphezu kokuphiwa.”—IZenzo 20:35.
Ngaba Ufuna Inkqubo Enkulu Yezorhwebo Iphembelele Ubuntu Bakho?
Inkqubela kwezenzululwazi nezobugcisa eye yabangelwa kukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yemvelo evela kuThixo ibisoloko iyingenelo enkulu eluntwini. Ngokomzekelo, amaNgqina kaYehova anombulelo omkhulu ngokuveliswa kweendlela zale mihla zokushicilela neendlela eziphuculiweyo zothutho nezonxibelelwano eziye zavumela ukuba azalisekise uthumo lwawo lokushumayela ngendlela ebengenakukwazi ukwenza ngayo ukuba ezi zinto bezingekho.—Mateyu 24:14.
Sekunjalo, ayinakukhanyelwa into yokuba amandla okwenza okulungileyo aveliswa yile nkqubela aye onakaliswa kakubi ngabantu abaye bavumela ubuntu babo ukuba buphenjelelwe ngendlela engeyoyabuthixo lunqulo lobuxoki, ziipolitiki ezonakeleyo naziinkqubo ezingagqibelelanga zezoqoqosho.
Ngaba ufuna ukuba amandla akho okwenza okulungileyo onakaliswe bubuntu obungabunjwanga ngendlela efanelekileyo—obakho ubuntu? Ngaba uya kuvumela inkqubo yezorhwebo ebawayo imisele imilinganiselo omele uphile ngayo ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe emalini? uyivumele ukuba ibangele ukuthanda kwakho imali nezinto eziphathekayo kubalasele ebomini bakho ngaphezu kolwalamano lwakho nabanye abantu? uyivumele ukuba ikuphulukanise nobumoya bakho?
Ekubeni inkqubo yezorhwebo iluqinisile ulawulo lwayo eluntwini ukususela ngowe-1914, ngaba kukho nayiphi na indlela yokuyithintela ingaxonxi ubuntu bethu? Ewe, ikho! Ndawonye nokusixelela oko loo ndlela ikuko, inqaku lokugqibela kolu ngcelele luza kusicacisela indlela esinokuphila ngayo ukuze sibone umhla xa uluntu luya kuba nokuvakalisa isiqabu lusithi: “Iingxaki Zemali—Ziphelile Ekugqibeleni!”
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Inkqubo Enkulu Yezorhwebo Iyanceda Ekuboneni ‘Imihla Yokugqibela’
Ngokuxonxa ubuntu babantu, inkqubo enkulu yezorhwebo iyanceda ekuveliseni ubungqina ‘bemihla yokugqibela’ njengoko bufumaneka kweyesi-2 kuTimoti 3:1-4: Ke, kwazi oku, ukuba ngemihla yokugqibela kuya kufika amaxesha anomngcipheko. Kuba abantu baya kuba . . .
Ngabazithandayo: Abantu abathanda izinto eziphathekayo bayazingca, eso sisimo sengqondo esikhuthazwa zizibhengezo zentengiso, ezithi: ‘Ufanelwe kokona kulungileyo. Ziphathe kakuhle. Funa ezakho izilangazelelo kuqala’
Abathandi bemali: UMark Twain oliyolisa laseMerika wakhe wathi: “Bambi abantu banqula izikhundla eziphakamileyo, bambi banqula amagorha, bambi banqula igunya, bambi banqula uThixo, . . . kodwa bonke banqula imali”
Abaqhankqalazi, abakratshi: Omnye umpolitiki waseJamani wathi ngemizi-mveliso eyayisebenza ngalo lonke ixesha eyacelwa ukuba iyeke ukungcolisa: “Ndisifumanisa sisibi gqitha isimo sengqondo esesameleyo. Kukuqhayisa ngegunya”
Abangabuleliyo, abangengcwele [“abanganyanisekanga,” NW]: Umbhali oliNgesi uThomas Fuller wathi, “Kunokuba ubutyebi banelise imfuno engakumbi buyayandisa” yaye, “Unaniselwano norhwebo oluqhelekileyo luqhatha ngokubanzi ngamxhel’ omnye”
Abangenabubele: Iinkampani ezithi ngenxa yengeniso zithengisele amazwe asakhasayo iimveliso ezingekho mthethweni kwamanye amazwe okanye ezo zakha imizi-mveliso enobungozi kumazwe angenamiqathango iqatha yezokhuselo zibonakalisa inkxalabo encinane ngobomi babanye
Abangenatarhu, abatyholi: Ingcali ngezoqoqosho uAdam Smith yathi “urhwebo, ngokwemvelo obelufanele, phakathi kwamazwe, njengaphakathi kwabantu, lube liqhina lomanyano nelobuhlobo, luye lwaba ngowona mthombo umkhulu wengxabano nentiyo”
Abangenakuzeyisa, izibhoja: Ukuthenga ngetyala okugqithiseleyo, ukudyiwaza ngeqweqwe lokuthenga ngetyala nesimo sengqondo esithi “thenga ngoku, uhlawule kamva,” esiveliswe yinkqubo yezorhwebo khon’ ukuze kuzuzwe ingenelo yobuqu, sibonakalisa ukuswela ukuzeyisa; yimbi imizamo yenkqubo yezorhwebo isebenzisa ubuthathaka babantu ize yenze ingeniso ngeziyobisi, ngokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini nangokungcakaza
Abangenakuthanda kulunga, abancethezi [“abangcatshi,” NW]: Iphephandaba iThe German Tribune lithi: “Apho kuxhalatyelwe khona ixabiso elikhulu lokumelana nongcoliso lommandla osingqongileyo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha iba kumgangatho ophantsi.” Abantu abangenamilinganiselo yokuziphatha bakufumanisa kulula ukungcatsha abanye ngenxa yengenelo yobuqu
Izityhuthutyhuthu: Amaqela anamandla, njengalawo aphembelela ukusetyenziswa kwemipu necuba, ngobuntamo-lukhuni achitha imali eninzi ezama ukuqhubela phambili iinkqubo zobupolitika ukuze aqiniseke ngentengiso ephakamileyo, nakubeni izinto azithengisayo zibeka impilo nokukhuseleka kwabantu ngokubanzi esichengeni
Abathiwe lwale likratshi: Ukuba nezinto akusosizathu sokuba nekratshi, phezu kwako nje oko kuthethwa ngabantu abathanda izinto eziphathekayo. Umbalisi wamabali ayimfundiso ongumGrike uAesop wathi: “Imbonakaliso yangaphandle ingumfuziselo ongacacanga woko ubani akuko ngaphakathi”
Abathandi beziyolo kunokuba bathande uThixo: Iindlela zokuzihlaziya ezikhuthazwa yinkqubo yezorhwebo zigxininisa kwiziyolo ezibubekela ecaleni ubumoya neziye zazala isizukulwana esikhotyokiswe kukuzifica eziyolweni
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Inkqubo yezorhwebo iye yafak’ isandla ekwenzeni iYurophu phantse ibe lelona lizwekazi lingcolileyo ehlabathini