Abaphambukeli—Kutheni Befuduka Nje?
“AKUKHO bani unokuze aluthelekelele uhlobo lwamanzithinzithi esijamelana nawo kumazwe asakhasayo . . . nobunzima esijamelana nabo apha ukuze nje siphumelele size sixhase iintsapho zethu ezisele emakhaya.” Oko koko kwabhalwa nguElizabeth, umphambukeli waseAfrika, ebhalela umhleli wephephancwadi iNational Geographic. Amazwi akhe atyhila kanye isizathu sokuba izigidi zabantu zikulungele ukushiya amakhaya zize ziye kuqalisa ubomi ngokutsha kwilizwe lasemzini.
Kakade ke, umphambukeli ngamnye uthi unezakhe izizathu zokufuduka. Bambi, njengebhinqa elikhankanywe ngasentla, basenokuba baye bafuduka kuba bebaleka iimeko ezinzima zokuphila ezikumazwe abazalelwa kuwo. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Population, Migration, and Urbanization in Africa, uWilliam Hance uchaza into yokuba oothunywashe abanjengezifo, izinambuzane ezinobungozi, ukuphelelwa komhlaba ngamandla okuvelisa, imbalela, izikhukula, inxele likaKhetsekile, imfazwe noqhushululu oluphakathi kwezizwe zasekuhlaleni ngoonobangela abaphambili bokufuduka kwabantu abaninzi namhlanje eAfrika. Nakweminye imimandla yehlabathi eneemeko ezifanayo nezimaxongo abantu baye bafuduka kakhulu kuyo.
Noko ke, iingcali ngentlalo yoluntu ziye zabonisa ukuba ukunqwenela ukusaba kwiimeko ezicinezelayo zokuphila kuyinxalenye nje yesizathu sokufuduka kwabantu okungaka namhlanje.
Ukuba Ngoomahamb’ Ehlala
Kwakhona umdla wokuya kumazwe avelisa amathuba alunge ngakumbi ebomini kuyintshukumisa enamandla yokufuduka kwabantu. Oku, nomnqweno wokubaleka iimeko ezimbi, kubangele ukuba abantu babe ngoomahamb’ ehlala. Iimeko ezimaxongo zasekuhlaleni zidla ngokubangela ukuba umntu alishiye elokuzalwa kwakhe yaye iimeko ezintle ezikumazwe asemzini zibangela ukuba umntu afuduke. Cinga ngoNguyen Van Tue, omnye weembacu zaseVietnam eziseJapan. Nangona wabandezeleka gqitha ngoxa wayezama ukwamkela imeko yakhe yokuba ngumphambukeli, uNguyen uvuma oku: “Ndanelisekile. Ndihlala nentsapho yakowethu yaye siphilile ibe sihleli kakuhle kwilizwe elinenkululeko neliseluxolweni.”
Umtsalane wezoqoqosho ngomnye woothunywashe abangabona banamandla abakhuthaza ukufuduka kwabantu. Echaza abanye abantu abangamaTaliyane abahlala kwenye idolophu yamaNgesi, umbhali uJohn Brown uthi kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Un-melting Pot: “Usukelo lwabo oluyintloko belusoloko lukukufuna imali.” Wongezelela ngokuthi oku bakwenze ngokusebenza ‘nzima yaye besenza umsebenzi omhle.’ Xa ubani ehlolisisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemivuzo kumazwe ngamazwe, kulindelekile ukuba abantu bafuduke. Igqabaza ngabasebenzi baseMexico abaseUnited States, iNational Geographic ityhila into yokuba “umsebenzi weyure enye kummandla okumzantsi womda [weUnited States] uzisa umvuzo olinganiselwa kwisinye esihlanwini ukusa kwisinye eshumini somvuzo waseUnited States.”
Ukutsalwa Yintsapho Nangabahlobo
Kakade ke, abaninzi bafuduka nje kuba befuna ukuba kufutshane nentsapho nabahlobo abafuduke kuqala kunabo. Ngokomzekelo, amaYuda amaninzi aseSoviet afudukele kwaSirayeli ngenxa yokuba avakalelwa kukuba akhuselekile xa ephakathi kwabantu abaninzi bakowawo. Wambi ayexolele nokuzibeka esichengeni kwiWest Bank yakwaSirayeli edlavulwe yimfazwe.
Ukhuthazo oluvela kubahlobo nezalamane luphembelela abaninzi ukuba bafuduke. Abaninzi abazimisele ukufuduka bakhuthazwa ukuba bafudukele eOstreliya. Ngoku phantse abangama-22 ekhulwini kubemi balapho bavela kwamanye amazwe.
Ngoxa wayetyelele evela eUnited States, omnye ummi waseBarbados owafudukayo kwelo waxelela umhlobo wakhe oku: “Ucinga ukuba uhleli kamnandi apha,” kodwa wambonisa umhlobo wakhe ukuba ‘wayechitha ixesha’ ngokuhlala kweso siqithi. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, umhlobo wakhe uyavuma ukuba la mazwi ahlwayela imbewu yokunganeliseki, nto leyo ekugqibeleni eyambangela ukuba afuduke.
Ngelishwa, umntu ekulindeleke ukuba afuduke udla ngokuboniswa kuphela inxalenye ekhuthazayo yale meko. URon, umfana owafudukela eKhanada ebaleka izidubedube ezazisanda eMzantsi Afrika, wathi: “Abahlobo nezalamane zityekele ekukuxeleleni zonke izinto ezibangel’ umdla . . . yaye kuyaqondakala ukuba azizikhankanyi izinto ezingentle.”
Enoba iyintoni na intshukumisa yokufuduka, nokuba sekusithiwani na, zininzi izinto ezimtsalisa nzima umphambukeli. Njengoko bekubona ngokupheleleyo oko kuthethwa kukufuduka kwabo, bambi bafuna ngamandla ukubuyela emakhaya. Ngoko, umntu ovela kwelinye ilizwe unokuzivisisanisa njani ngokunempumelelo nemeko-bume entsha akuyo ngoxa ehlangabezana nokukhumbul’ ikhaya, ukuqhawuka kwamaqhina entsapho, unxunguphalo nokudideka okubangelwa kukungazazi izithethe ezitsha, ukwahlukahlukana kweelwimi nentlaninge yeengxaki ezibandakanyekileyo?
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]
Umtsalane wezoqoqosho ngomnye woothunywashe abangabona banamandla ekufudukeni kwabantu
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]
“Ndanelisekile. Ndihlala nentsapho yakowethu yaye siphilile ibe sihleli kakuhle kwilizwe elinenkululeko neliseluxolweni.”—Ummi waseVietnam eJapan
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 7]
Xa ubani ehlolisisa umahluko omkhulu kwimivuzo kumazwe ngamazwe, kulindelekile ukuba abantu bafuduke
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
Kumphambukeli ofikayo, zonke izinto zibonakala zingaqhelekanga yaye zinzima