“IsiXeko Sizaliswe Yingcinezelo”
XA UMPROFETI weBhayibhile uHezekile wayebhekisela kwisixeko ‘esizaliswe yingcinezelo,’ wayengazi nto ngeengxaki ezithwaxa izixeko zanamhlanje. (Hezekile 9:9, An American Translation) Ibe namazwi akhe ayengeyondlela efihlakeleyo yokuxela kusengaphambili ezi ngxaki. Sekunjalo, oko wakubhalayo bekuya kuzichaza kakuhle izixeko zale nkulungwane yama-20.
Incwadi ethi 5000 Days to Save the Planet yathi: “Azinamtsalane yaye azinanto intsha, izixeko zethu kusuke kwakubi ukuhlala kuzo yaye kwakubi nokuzijonga. . . . Izakhiwo eziya zisanda kwizixeko zethu zakhiwe kungacingwa kangako okanye kungacingwa kwaphela ngabo baza kuhlala baze basebenze kuzo.”
Izibakala Ezingathandekiyo NgeziXeko
Izixeko ezisithoba, ezikwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zehlabathi, zichazwe ngale ndlela ilandelayo kumaphephandaba nakumaphephancwadi. Ngaba ungakwazi ukuchaza isixeko ngasinye ngegama laso elichanileyo?
IsiXeko A, esiseMzantsi Merika, saziwa ngolutsha lwalapho oluqeshelwa ukubulala nangamanani aso aphakamileyo okubulawa kwabantu. Kwakhona saziwa njengekhaya lokuthengisa iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni.
IsiXeko B “sesona sixeko [eUnited States] abaphangwa kakhulu kuso abantu ezitratweni.” Ebudeni beenyanga ezimbini zokuqala ngowe-1990, amanani abantu ababuleweyo “ayesele entinge aya kutsho kuma-20 ekhulwini ukususela kwiinyanga zokuqala” zonyaka ongaphambi kwalowo.
“Ngonyaka amawaka aliqela abantu afudukela kwizixeko zaseMzantsi Merika, zaseAfrika nezaseAsia . . . , efuduka ezingqondweni zawo ecinga ngelizwe elibaleka amasi nobusi.” Xa bengalifumani, abaninzi kunyanzeleka bahlale bengamahlwempu, oko kubabangela bangqibe okanye bebe ukuze baziphilise. Isiqingatha sabemi besiXeko C saseAfrika nesiXeko D saseAsia—kuquka nama-70 ekhulwini esiXeko E saseAsia—kunikelwa ingxelo yokuba bahlala kwizindlu ezikumgangatho ophantsi.
“Nangona [isiXeko F] siphakathi kwezona zixeko zikhulu zikhuselekileyo kuMntla Merika, ukwanda kokungaqeshwa, ukwanda kolwaphulo-mthetho nentiyo yobuhlanga ezi zinto zibangele abemi baso bathandabuze ukuba bangaphumelela. Ulwaphulo-mthetho . . . lubatsho baphel’ amandla abemi balapho. Abantu abahlaselwayo ngokwesini bande nge-19 ekhulwini . . . Abantu ababulawayo bande phantse ngama-50 ekhulwini.”
“Mihla le abantu abali-1 600 bafudukela [kwisiXeko G esiseMzantsi Merika] . . . Ukuba [esi sixeko] sisathe gqolo ukukhula ngolu hlobo ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane kuya kuhlala abantu abazizigidi ezingama-30 apho. Baya kuxinana kweso sixeko ngeenqwelo-mafutha ezizizigidi ezili-11 ezihamba kancinane, ezivaleleka ezindleleni kangangeeyure sihlandlo ngasinye . . . Ungcoliso lomoya . . . luphindaphindeke kalikhulu kunomlinganiselo owamkelekileyo. . . . Amashumi amane ekhulwini abo bonke abemi agula sisifo semiphunga esingapheliyo. . . . Ebudeni beeyure ekukho iinqwelo-mafutha ezininzi ngazo ingxolo kwesi sixeko inyuka ibe phakathi kwama-90 ne-120 ngokomlinganiselo wokuvakala kwesandi (decibels); xa lo mlinganiselo ungama-70 ugqalwa njengonganyamezelekiyo.”
“Yonke le mihla kucocwa ilindle lezinja eliziitoni ezingama-20 kwizitalato neendledlana zabahamba ngeenyawo [zesiXeko H saseYurophu]. . . . Ukongezelela kwilahleko nenkathazo ebangelwa koku, kufunyaniswe esinye isibakala esinzulu ngakumbi. Ilindle lenja lingowona mthombo wesifo esibangelwa sisifunxi-gazi esiyiToxocara canis. Isiqingatha seendawo zokudlala abantwana neebhokisi zokudlala ezinentlabathi [zesi sixeko] kwafunyaniswa ukuba zingcoliswe ngamaqanda esi sifunxi-gazi amancinane amelana nazo zonke iimeko, nathi angene emakhayeni ngokuncamathela kwimiphantsi yezihlangu nakumanqina ezilwanyana zasekhaya. . . . Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo kukudinwa, iingqaqambo zesisu, ukuguliswa zizinto ezithile [allergies], ukukhathazwa yintliziyo nayimithambo.”
“Nangona [isiXeko I saseAsia] sithwaxwa kanobom zizo zonke iingxaki zesixeko esihambele phambili kakhulu kwilizwe elisakhasayo—ubuhlwempu, ulwaphulo-mthetho, ungcoliso—siye sakhula saba sesinye sezixeko ezingamakomkhulu zenkulungwane yama-21.”
Ngaba Zahlukile Okanye Ziyafana Nezinye?
Ngaba ukwazile ukuzichaza ezi zixeko ngamagama azo afanelekileyo? Kunokwenzeka ukuba akubanga njalo, kuba asizizo kuphela ezinezi ngxaki. Kunoko, zinazo zonke iimpawu ezimbi ezikhoyo phantse kuzo zonke izixeko ezisehlabathini liphela kungakhathaliseki ukuba zikhulu kangakanani na.
IsiXeko A, ngokutsho kwephephandaba lamihla le laseJamani eliyiSüddeutsche Zeitung yiMedellín, eKholombiya. Ngowe-1991 inani labantu ababuleweyo lehla lisuka kuma-7 081 laya kutsho kuma-6 622 “kuphela” ngowe-1992. Sekunjalo, iphephandaba lamihla le laseKholombiya eliyiEl Tiempo linikela ingxelo yokuba, ebudeni beshumi leminyaka elidluleyo, phantse abantu abangama-45 000 babulewe lugonyamelo. Ngenxa yoko imibutho yoluntu sithetha nje ime bume izama ukunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho nezinye izinto ezimbi kwesi sixeko nokuphucula udumo lwaso.
Into yokuba iThe New York Times isichaze isiXeko B ngokuthi sisiXeko saseNew York mhlawumbi ayibothusi abantu abakhe batyelela apho kwiminyaka yakutshanje ibe ngokuqinisekileyo abemi balapho ayibothusi kwaphela.
Amanani anikelwe liphephancwadi laseJamani iDer Spiegel ngokuphathelele inani labantu abahlwempuzekileyo eNairobi, eKenya (C), eManila, kwiiPhilippines (D) naseCalcutta, eIndiya (E) abonisa ukuba abantu abangakumbi kwezi zixeko zithathu kuphela bahlala kwimimandla engathandekiyo xa ithelekiswa nawo onke amazwe aseYurophu ami kakuhle njengeDenmark okanye iSwitzerland.
IsiXeko F—esiyiToronto, eKhanada—ngowe-1991 iphephancwadi iTime lasichaza kwinqaku lalo ngendlela ekwakubonakala ukuba alisincomi ngendlela elalikhe lenza ngayo elinye elapapashwa kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambilana. Ingxelo yokuqala, eyayinomxholo othi “Ekugqibeleni, IsiXeko Esisebenzayo,” yayincoma isixeko “ekwakuphantse kuthabatheke wonke ubani siso.” Yacaphula amazwi olunye undwendwe njengolwaluthe: “Esi sixeko sinokundenza ndiphantse ndikubone ukubaluleka kwezixeko kwakhona.” Okulusizi kukuba esi “sixeko sisebenzayo” kubonakala ukuba ngoku siphethelw’ imbengwane ziingxaki ezifanayo nezo zithwaxa ezinye izixeko umgangatho wazo oya usihla.
Nangona xa lithetha ngesiXeko G lisithi “sesona sihle nesiphucukileyo kwizixeko zaseMerika, yaye sesinye sezona zinobuqheleqhele,” sekunjalo iphephancwadi iTime liyavuma ukuba esi “sisiXeko saseMexico sezinhanha, ewe, nesabakhenkethi.” Okwangoku, ngokutsho kweWorld Press Review, amahlwempu abuthelene ndawonye “kwenye yeelokishi zesi sixeko ezingama-500, ezihlala amahlwempu” kumatyotyombe “akhiwe ngezinto ezilahlwa kwimizi-mveliso, ngeebhokisi zekhadibhodi, ngezinto ezithile zeenqwelo-mafutha ezingasahambiyo nangezinto zokwakha ezibiweyo.”
IsiXeko H sichazwa liphephancwadi leeveki ngeeveki laseFransi eliyiL’Express ngokuthi yiParis, leyo, iThe New Encyclopœdia Britannica ethi ngayo, “iye kangangamakhulu eminyaka, ngendlela ekunzima ukuyichaza, . . . yanomtsalane ongaxhathisekiyo kwizigidi zabantu ehlabathini jikelele.” Noko ke, kuthe kwakuvela iingxaki ezinzulu, loo mtsalane we-“Gay Paree” wanyamalala.
ITime ithi ngesiXeko I: “Ikomkhulu loyolo lendawo eyayisakuba yiSiam elalijongwa ngabantu baseNtshona njengelithandekayo nelibonakala linoxolo, i-‘Venice YaseMpuma,’ esisixeko sanamhlanje esingagqibekiyo sezithunywa zezulu neetempile zegolide yidolophu yaseAsia yakutshanje ehambele phambili kwezoshishino nenabemi abaninzi.” Nkqu nezithunywa zezulu neetempile zayo ziye zasilela ukuthintela ukuba ubuncinane iBangkok, eThailand, ingabi, “likomkhulu lehlabathi leshishini lonoongogo.”
Ukuqwalasela IziXeko
Kwishumi leminyaka elidluleyo enye intatheli yathi nangona izixeko ezikhulu zibonakala “zineengxaki ezifanayo, ngasinye sinento yaso esahluke ngayo, yaye ngaloo ndlela sinendlela yaso ekhethekileyo yokuzama ukuphumelela.” Ngowe-1994, izixeko zisazama, ngasinye ngendlela yaso.
Asinguye wonk’ ubani ocinga ukuba ukuzama kwazo ukuphumelela kubangele ukatyo. Ngokomzekelo, owayesakuba sisibonda saseToronto, wavakalisa ithemba analo, esithi: “Andiqondi ukuba esi sixeko siyawohloka. Bukho bona ubunzima esijamelene nabo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba sinokuyicombulula le ngxaki.” Liyinyaniso elokuba, zimbi izixeko ziye zazicombulula ngempumelelo, okanye ubuncinane zaziphungula nje, ezinye zeengxaki zazo. Kodwa oku kwafuna kwenziwe okungakumbi kunokusuka nje ube nethemba.
KuJanuwari wonyaka ophelileyo intatheli uEugene Linden yabhala oku: “Into eliya kuphelela kuyo ihlabathi ixhomekeke koko ziya kuphelela kuko izixeko zalo.” Nokuba ziphelela phi na, izixeko zilixonxile ihlabathi lethu, ibe zisathe gqolo ukwenjenjalo. Kwakhona, enoba zezamandulo okanye zezanamhlanje, zisichaphazele ngokobuqu—mhlawumbi ngaphezu kokuba sicinga. Kungenxa yoko ukuphumelela kwazo kuxhomekeke kuthi kanye njengokuba kunjalo nokwethu.
Ngoko, ukuqwalasela izixeko akwenziwa nje ngenjongo yokwandisa ulwazi oluphangaleleyo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba kuya kusinceda siwuphaphele umngcipheko ihlabathi elizifumana selikuwo. Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki ezinzulu zehlabathi—ezicace nakuthathatha zokuzama ukuphumelela kwezixeko—konke oku akuthethi ukuba makulahlw’ ithemba!
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]
“Into eliya kuphelela kuyo ihlabathi ixhomekeke koko ziya kuphelela kuko izixeko zalo.”—Umbhali uEugene Linden
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
Ukuhambahamba kwizixeko ngezixeko kusenokuba lula, kodwa ukucombulula iingxaki zazo akunjalo