Liyintoni Ikamva Lezixeko?
“UKUBA ufuna ukwazi ikamva lethu jonga izixeko zethu.” Watsho njalo uIsmail Serageldin weWorld Bank. Kodwa ngokusuka koko sele sikubonile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, elo kamva alibonakali liqaqambile.
Kuyancomeka ukuba, kuye kwenziwa imigudu ukuze kuphuculwe ubomi kwizixeko ezininzi. Kusandul’ ukugqitywa ukuhlaziywa kweTimes Square, eManhattan, kwisiXeko saseNew York. Ngaphambili yayidume ngezakhiwo zezinto ezibonisa amanyala, iziyobisi nolwaphulo-mthetho. Iindawo ezintsha zentengiso nemiboniso ngoku izalise ezo zitrato, ibiza iindwendwe ezingamawakawaka. INaples, eItali “isixeko esiqhakraqhakra, esakha sakumgangatho omnye neLondon neParis,” ngokutsho kwephephancwadi iNational Geographic, sadlakazwa ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. INaples yaba yindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho nezidubedube. Noko ke, xa esi sixeko sakhethwa njengendawo yeenkomfa zobupolitika ngowe-1994, sahlaziywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi kumbindi waso.
Kambe ke, ukuba nesixeko esikhuselekileyo nesicocekileyo kuyabiza. Ukuze kubekho ukhuseleko kudla ngokufuneka kubekho amapolisa amaninzi. Enye into enokuba nzima ukuyifumana kukuba wedwa. Ezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke zihlala zijongwe ngeekhamera ezinxityelelaniswe noomabonwakude nangamapolisa angagaxelanga. Njengoko uhamba epakini udlula nangasemithonjeni, imizobo okanye ngakwiintyatyambo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ungaqondi udlula indawo enesixhobo sokhuseleko.
Maxa wambi impucuko isenokungakwazi ukufikelelwa ngabantu abangamahlwempu. Khawucinge nje ngoko kubizwa ngokuba kukuphuculwa kwentlalo—inkqubo apho iintsapho ezimi kakuhle zithabathela kuzo imimandla eyayisakumiwa ngabantu abahlwempuzekileyo. Ukuphuculwa kwentlalo kubangelwa kukutshintshwa kwemeko yezoqoqosho—“ukuyeka ukuvelisa kunikelwe iinkonzo, kuyekwe ukuxhomekeka kubasebenzi kusetyenziswe oomatshini.” (Gentrification of the City, ehlelwe nguNeil Smith noPeter Williams) Njengoko abasebenzi abangahlawulwa kangako bephela yaye kufuneka ngakumbi abakudidi oluphezulu nabanobuchule, kufuneka kubekho nezindlu ezibafaneleyo. Kunokuba behle benyuka besiya kumahlomela-dolophu, abasebenzi abaninzi abahlawulwayo nabakudidi oluphezulu bakhetha ukuhlaziya amakhaya akwiindawo ezazisakuhlala amahlwempu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kudla ngokuphumela ekuphuculweni kweendawo zokuhlala. Kodwa njengoko iindawo zokuhlala ziphucuka, amaxabiso ayenyuka. Amahlwempu adla ngokukufumanisa kunzima ukuhlala kwiindawo awayesebenza aze aphile kuzo kangangeminyaka!
Ngaba Izixeko Ziza Kubhanga?
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba izixeko bezisandul’ ukuba notshintsho olubangelwa bubugcisa obutsha. Njengoko i-Internet iya ithandwa njengendlela yokuthenga nokuqhuba ushishino, oku kunokuba nemiphumo ephawulekayo. Ubugcisa obutsha sele benze kwalula ngamashishini athile ukufudukela ngaphandle kwezixeko—ehamba nabasebenzi abaninzi.
Njengoko ukuthenga nokwenza umsebenzi ngekhompyutha kuxhaphakile, abantu basenokungakuthandi ukuya kwimimandla exineneyo yamashishini. Incwadi ethi Cities in Civilization ithi: “Sinokubona abasebenzi, ingakumbi abo bangxungxayo, besebenzela emakhayeni ngokupheleleyo okanye kwiindawo zemisebenzi ezikufuphi kubo, . . . ngaloo ndlela bephungula ubuninzi beenqwelo-mafutha ezindleleni.” Ngokufanayo ingcibi yokwakha uMoshe Safdie wenza olu qikelelo: “Kule ndlela intsha yokwenza izinto, sisenokuba needolophana ezithe tshitshilili ehlabathini lonke, nto leyo eya kwenza abantu bahlale kamnandi, basebenzise ubugcisa bekhompyutha baze bahlale kwizixeko ezidumileyo kwimbali.”
Zinaliphi Ikamva Izixeko?
Abakhi-mkhanya abaninzi bakholelwa kwelokuba phezu kwabo nje ubugcisa izixeko zinikela iinkonzo neengenelo eziya kuqhubeka zinomtsalane ebantwini. Enoba ikamva lifumbethe ntoni, izixeko zanamhlanje zisenkathazweni xa kungoku! Yaye akukabonakali kunokubakho izicombululo kwiingxaki ezinkulu ezinjengezindlu nogutyulo kwizigidi ngezigidi zabantu abahlwempuzekileyo abasezixekweni. Akukabikho mntu sele esondele ekufumaneni icebo lokuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukonakaliswa kwemeko-bume okanye ukungcoliswa kwezixeko.
Abanye badla ngokuthi oorhulumente bafanele batyale imali engakumbi kwizixeko zabo. Kodwa xa ujonga ingxelo yendlela abanye oorhulumente abayisebenzisa ngayo imali yabo, ngaba kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ukucombulula iingxaki zezixeko kulula njengokutyobela itsheki? Kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo incwadi ethi The Death and Life of Great American Cities yathi: “Kukho imposiso yokucinga ukuba xa sinokuba nemali eyaneleyo. . . , sinokuwasusa onke amatyotyombe. . . Kodwa khawukhangele nje oko siye sakwakha ngamawaka ezigidi zokuqala: Izindlu ezingabizi mali ininzi eziye zaba ngamaziko obunjubaqa, ukonakaliswa kwezinto zabantu nokuwohloka kwemeko yabantu ngaphezu kwaleyo yamatyotyombe abahlala kuwo.” La mazwi aseyinyaniso.
Kodwa ukuba imali ayisosicombululo siyintoni isicombululo? Simele sikhumbule ukuba izixeko zibunjwa ngabantu, kungekuphela nje izakhiwo nezitrato. Ngoko ekugqibeleni ngabantu abamele batshintshe ukuba izixeko ziza kuphucuka. ULewis Mumford uthi kwiThe City in History: “Ukuze imeko yezoqoqosho yesixeko ibe yiyo ixhomekeke kwinkathalo nendlela yokuziphatha yabantu.” Yaye ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ubunongogo, ukonakaliswa kwemeko-bume, ukungalingani kwabantu, ukonakaliswa kwezinto zabantu, ukurhoqozwa kweendonga, nezinye izinto ezikwanjalo zinokupheliswa, kufuneka okungakumbi kunobukho bamapolisa amaninzi okanye ukupeyintwa kwaso ngokutsha. Kufuneka kuncedwe abantu benze utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwindlela abacinga nabenza ngayo.
Ukutshintsha Kolawulo
Ngokucacileyo utshintsho olunjalo oluphawulekayo alunakwenziwa ngabantu. Ngoko imigudu yokucombulula iingxaki zezixeko zanamhlanje—kungakhathaliseki ukuba ineenjongo ezintle kangakanani—ngokuqinisekileyo iya kusilela. Noko ke, abafundi beBhayibhile abaphelelwa lithemba, kuba bajonga iingxaki ezisezixekweni namhlanje njengomnye wemizekelo yokungakwazi komntu ukulawula isijikelezi-langa esikuso. Izixeko zanamhlanje ezikhulu nezinezidubedube ngokuphandle zingqina amazwi eBhayibhile akuYeremiya 10:23 athi: “Ayikho semntwini wasemhlabeni indlela yakhe. Asikokomntu ohambayo ukwalathisa inyathelo lakhe.” Imigudu yomntu yokuzilawula iye yaphumela kwintlekele engathethekiyo—iingxaki ezinkulu ezikwizixeko zethu.
Ngenxa yoko, abo bahlala ezixekweni ehlabathini lonke banokuthuthuzelwa yingxelo yeBhayibhile ekwiSityhilelo 11:18, ethi uThixo ‘uya kubonakalisa abo bawonakalisayo umhlaba.’ Kwelinye icala, oku kwalatha kwikamva eliqaqambileyo loluntu. Kunikela isithembiso sokuba uThixo uya kuluthabathela kuye ulawulo lwesijikelezi-langa esikuso ngorhulumente, okanye uBukumkani. (Daniyeli 2:44) Akusayi kuphinda kwenzeke ukuba izigidi ngezigidi zibe ngamahlwempu ngendlela engaphaya kwengqondo, zingabi nazindlu zifanelekileyo nogutyulo, zingabi nasidima, okanye zingabi nathemba. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lorhulumente kaThixo, abantu baya kunandipha intabalala yezinto eziphathekayo, impilo esemgangathweni, nezindlu ezintle.—Isaya 33:24; 65:21-23.
Eli hlabathi litsha likuphela kwesicombululo esisengqiqweni kwiingxaki zezixeko zanamhlanje.
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 8, 9]
Kuye kwenziwa amatile-tile okuphucula ubomi babantu abaninzi kwizixeko ezininzi
ENaples, eItali
IsiXeko saseNew York, eUnited States
ESydney,eOstreliya
[Inkcazelo]
SuperStock
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 10]
Ihlabathi elitsha likaThixo linikela isicombululo kwiingxaki zanamhlanje zabo bahlala ezixekweni