Ukuncinwa Kwamakholwa Emexico-Kwenzeka Njani?

KHAWUZITHELEKELELE uphambi kwenkundla yonqulo efuna ukukunyanzela ukuba ukholelwe koko kufundiswa lolo nqulo. Akumazi umntu okumangaleleyo okanye isimangalo obekwa sona. Kunokuba uxelelwe, uyanyanzelwa ukuba unikele isizathu sokubanjwa kwakho, ukuze uchaze ukuba ukholelwa ukuba sisiphi isimangalo obekwa sona, nokuze uxele ukuba ngubani okumangaleleyo.

Yilumkele indlela ophendula ngayo—usenokuxela into ethile ongamangalelwanga ngayo uze uzifake engxakini engakumbi! Kwakhona usenokurhanela abantu abangenanto yakwenza nesimangalo obekwa sona.

Ukuba akuthethi, usenokuthuthunjiswa ngokuseliswa amanzi amaninzi gqitha ngesinyanzelo. Okanye iingalo nemilenze zisenokubotshelelwa kwitafile yokuthuthumbisa ize loo nto ubotshelelwe ngayo iqiniswe ngokuthe ngcembe de ungcungcutheke ziintlungu. Izinto zakho sele zithinjiwe yinkundla, yaye kusenokwenzeka ungaphinde uzifumane. Yonke into yenziwa emfihlekweni. Ukuba ufunyaniswa unetyala, unokugxothwa elizweni lakho okanye ude utshiswe uphila.

Kule nkulungwane yama-20, usenokukufumanisa kunzima ukuqonda isenzo sonqulo esimasikizi ngolu hlobo. Kodwa kwiinkulungwane eziliqela ezadlulayo, kwakusenzeka izenzo zenkohlakalo ezinjalo eMexico.

“Ukuguqula” Abemi Bomthonyama

Xa indawo ngoku eyiMexico yoyiswa ngabantu baseSpeyin ngenkulungwane ye-16, kwabakho noloyiso lonqulo. Ukuguqulwa kwabantu bomthonyama ngokonqulo yayikukunikwa izithethe namasiko kuphela, ekubeni babembalwa abefundisi bamaKatolika ababezikhathaza ngokufundisa iBhayibhile. Abazange bazikhathaze ngokufunda ulwimi lwabemi bomthonyama okanye ngokubafundisa isiLatini, imfundiso yonqulo eyayifumaneka ngalo.

Bambi babecinga ukuba umIndiya ufanele afumane imfundiso yonqulo epheleleyo. Kodwa abanye babenembono efana nekaFriar Domingo de Betanzos, ngokutsho kukaRichard E. Greenleaf kwincwadi yakhe ethi Zumárraga and the Mexican Inquisition, “owayekholelwa ukuba umIndiya ufanele angasifundiswa isiLatini ngenxa yokuba oko kunokumenza aqonde indlela abangenalwazi ngayo abefundisi.”

Ukuncina Abantu Bomthonyama

Ukuba abantu bomthonyama baseMexico babengalwamkeli unqulo olutsha, babegqalwa njengabanquli bezithixo yaye babetshutshiswa ngokukrakra. Ngokomzekelo, omnye wabo wabethwa imivumbo elikhulu esidlangalaleni ngenxa yokunqula izithixo zakhe zobuhedeni, awayezifihle ngaphantsi kwesithixo seNgqobhoko ngoxa wayelinganisa isenzo sonqulo “lobuKristu.”

Kwelinye icala, uDon Carlos Ometochtzin, inkosi yaseTexcoco eyayingumzukulwana wenkosi yama-Aztec, uNetzahualcóyotl, wayithuka icawa. Lo kaGreenleaf uthi “uDon Carlos wayikhathaza gqitha iCawa kuba wayeshumayela kubemi bomthonyama ngendlela aziphethe kakubi ngayo amalungu ecawa.”

Xa uFriar Juan de Zumárraga, owayengumncini wamakholwa ngelo xesha, wevayo ngale nto, wayalela ukuba abanjwe uDon Carlos. Ngenxa yokuba wamangalelwa ngelithi “ungumkreqi olahlekisayo,” uDon Carlos watshiselwa emthini ngoNovemba 30, 1539. Abanye abemi bomthonyama abaninzi bohlwaywa ngezimangalo zobugqwirha.

Ukuncina Abantu Basemzini

Abantu basemzini ababehlala eMexico ababengavumi ukwamkela unqulo lobuKatolika babemangalelwa ngelithi bangabakreqi, abalandeli bakaLuther, okanye abalandeli bobuYuda. Umzekelo omnye woku yayiyintsapho engamaPhuthukezi yakwaCarvajal. Ekubeni yamangalelwa ngokuqhelisela unqulo lwamaYuda, phantse bonke bathuthunjiswa yiNkundla Yokuncina Amakholwa. Esi sigwebo silandelayo esawiswa kwelinye ilungu lale ntsapho siyayibonisa le nkohlakalo: “UDoña Mariana de Carvajal [mna] ndimvakalisa enetyala . . . uya kunikelwa kwi-garrote [isixhobo sokukrwitsha] de azifele, uya kwandula ke aphoswe kwidangatye lomlilo atshe abe luthuthu angaphinde akhunjulwe.” Kwenzeka oko kanye.

Nanini na umntu wasemzini esongela igunya labefundisi, wayesiwa ematyaleni. Indoda egama linguDon Guillén Lombardo de Guzman yamangalelwa ngelithi yayifuna ukukhulula elaseMexico. Noko ke, isimangalo esenziwa yiNkundla Engcwele esabangela ukuba ibanjwe ize isiwe ematyaleni yayisesokuba le ndoda yayisisazi ngeenkwenkwezi yaye ingumkreqi wehlelo elilandela iimfundiso zikaCalvin. Ebudeni bokuvalelwa kwayo yashiywa ziingqondo. Ekugqibeleni yatshiswa iphila emthini ngoNovemba 6, 1659.

Incwadi ethi Inquisition and Crimes, ebhalwe nguDon Artemio de Valle-Arizpe, ichaza eso sihlandlo: “Bababophelela aboni abo, babaqamangela emthini ngocingo entanyeni. . . . Imililo engcwele yokholo yaqalisa ukuvutha kudangaza amalangatye kunyuka nemiqulu yomsi. UDon Guillén . . . ngequbuliso wawa lwaza ucingo olwalusentanyeni lwamkrwitsha, emva koko umzimba wakhe wadliwa ngokumasikizi ngumlilo wathi shwaka. Wafa emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe yokubandezeleka kancinane nangokuqhubekayo kwiintolongo ezimnyama zeNkundla Engcwele. Imililo yaphela kancinane kancinane, ukunqanqaza kwamalangatye kwaphela, yaye ekupheleni kwayo, kwashiyeka imfumba yamalahle iloziza ebusuku.”

Ukumiselwa “KweNkundla Engcwele”

Njengoko sekuphawuliwe, abemi abaninzi baseMexico bomthonyama nabasemzini babesohlwaywa, yaye bambi bebulawa ngenxa yokuhlaba amadlala okanye ukungalwamkeli unqulo olutsha. Oku kwavelisa inkundla yokuncina amakholwa eyenziwa ngamalungu ecawa yaza kamva yenziwa ngoobhishophu. Noko ke, umNcini Wamakholwa Oyintloko wokuqala eMexico, uDon Pedro Moya de Contreras, wafika esuka eSpeyin ngowe-1571 ukuze aseke ngokusemthethweni iNkundla Engcwele Yokuncina Amakholwa kwelo lizwe. Le nkundla yayeka ukusebenza ngowe-1820. Ngaloo ndlela, ukususela ngowe-1539, kangangeminyaka engamakhulu amathathu abo bangazange bazamkele iinkolelo zamaKatolika babephathwa kakubi, bethuthunjiswa, yaye bebulawa.

Xa umntu othile wayemangalelwe, wayethuthunjiswa de avume isono. Inkundla yayilindele ukuba alahle izenzo zakhe ezichaseneyo nobuKatolika aze amkele iinkolelo zecawa. Ummangalelwa wayekhululwa kuphela xa enikela ubungqina bokuba akanatyala, ukuba wayengenakungqinwa enetyala, okanye, okokugqibela, ukuba wayevuma isono aze aguquke. Xa evuma isono, amazwi akhe okuba uyasicekisa isono sakhe yaye wenza isithembiso sokulungisa oko akwenzileyo ayefundwa esidlangalaleni. Phezu kwako nje oko, wayelahlekelwa zizinto zakhe yaye kwakufuneka ahlawule kanobom. Ukuba wayefunyaniswa enetyala, wayenikelwa kumagunya ehlabathi ukuze ohlwaywe. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwakuphelela ekutshisweni kwakhe emthini, ngoxa esaphila okanye emva kokuba ebulewe.

Xa kwakuwiswa izigwebo esidlangalaleni, kwakusenziwa umbhiyozo omkhulu. Kwakusenziwa isaziso kuso sonke isixeko ukuze kwaziswe wonke ubani ngosuku nendawo ekuya kuhlanganiswana kuyo. Ngolo suku abo bavakaliswe benetyala babephuma kwiintolongo zabo zeNkundla Engcwele benxibe isambenito (uhlobo oluthile lwempahla olungenamikhono), ngamnye ebambe ikhandlela ngezandla zozibini, bebotshelelwe entanyeni ngentambo, bethwele icoroza (umnqwazi otsolo) entloko. Emva kokuba kufundwe izinto zolwaphulo-mthetho abazenze nxamnye nokholo lwamaKatolika, kwakuphunyezwa isohlwayo ekuvunyelwene ngaso kwixhoba ngalinye.

Ngale ndlela abaninzi bavakaliswa benetyala baza bohlwaywa egameni lonqulo. Izihlwele ezazibukela amaxhoba esifa emthini zaziyibona inkohlakalo yabefundisi nokungamkeli kwabo iimbono ezahlukileyo.

Ukuchasana Ngokungqalileyo NobuKristu

UKristu Yesu wathuma abafundi bakhe ukuba baguqulele abantu kubuKristu bokwenyaniso. Wayalela wathi: “Hambani ngoko niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga, nibabhaptizela egameni loYise, loNyana, loMoya oyiNgcwele; nibafundisa ukuba bazigcine zonke izinto endiniwisele umthetho ngazo.”—Mateyu 28:19, 20.

Noko ke, uYesu akazange athi abantu babefanele baguqulwe ngokunyanzelwa. Kunoko, uYesu wathi: “Nothe akawamkela, akaweva amazwi enu, nakuphuma kuloo ndlu nakuloo mzi, vuthululani uthuli lweenyawo zenu.” (Mateyu 10:14) Umgwebo wokugqibela waba bantu uxhomekeke kuThixo uSomandla, uYehova, ngaphandle kokuba amaKristu asebenzise amandla awo.

Ngoko, licacile elokuba ukuNcinwa Kwamakholwa okwakusenzeka ehlabathini nakweyiphi na indawo, kwakusenziwa ngokuchasene ngokungqalileyo nemigaqo yobuKristu.

Imeko ekhoyo ngoku eMexico yokwamkela iimbono zonqulo ezahlukileyo ivumela abantu babe nenkululeko kwindlela abamnqula ngayo uThixo. Kodwa iinkulungwane zoko kubizwa ngokuthi YiNkundla Engcwele Yokuncina Amakholwa zinjengebala elibi kwimbali yeCawa YamaKatolika YaseMexico.