Zikhusele Ekuguleni Okubangelwa Kukutya

“KWAKUNZIMA nokuba ndiphume kwindlu yangasese kangangeeyure ezili-12,” utsho njalo uBecky. “Amahlaba ayenganyamezeleki. Yaye ndaphelelwa ngamanzi amaninzi emzimbeni, kwafuneka kutofelwe ulwelo emzimbeni wam kwigumbi lonyango longxamiseko. Ndaziva ndibhetele kwakhona emva kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu.”

UBecky wayeguliswa kukutya okunetyhefu, ukugula okubangelwa kukutya. Njengenkoliso yamaxhoba, waphila. Kodwa usayikhumbula kakuhle intlungu awayekuyo. Uthi: “Ndandingaqondi ukuba ukutya okunetyhefu kungakugulisa kangaka.”

Amava anjengala, nabuhlungu ngakumbi, aqheleke ngendlela exhomis’ amehlo. Iintsholongwane nezimfimfithi-gazi zisenokukutyhefa ukutya kwethu. Yaye ngoxa ezinye iintlobo zokugula okubangelwa kukutya ziye zancipha kumazwe afumileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iphephancwadi iWorld Health linikela ingxelo yokuba isifo “i-salmonellosis nezinye ziye zamelana nayo yonke imigudu yokuzilawula.”

Iziganeko zokutya okunetyhefu kunzima ukuzazi zonke ngenxa yokuba inkoliso yazo ayichazwa. UGqr. Jane Koehler we-U.S. Centers for Disease Control uthi: “Oko sikwaziyo yintwana nje encinane.”

Yintoni ebangela ukuba ukutya kugulise? Usenokumangaliswa kukwazi ukuba ngokufuthi ingxaki iqala kwangaphambi kokuba ukutya kufikelele kwindawo yentengiso.

Ezolimo Ezandisa Ubhubhani

Ubugcisa bezolimo bale mihla phantse buqinisekisa ukudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza kwezifo phakathi kwemfuyo. Ngokomzekelo, kumzi wenyama eUnited States, iinkomo ezithatyathwe kwiifama ezimalunga nama-900 000 ziditywa kwizilarha ezingaphantsi kwekhulu. Oku kuditywa ndawonye kunokubangela ukuba isifo esikwifama enye siqalise ubhubhani.

Ngaphezu koko, uGqr. Edward L. Menning, umalathisi weNational Association of Federal Veterinarians uthi eUnited States, “amashumi amathathu okanye ngakumbi ekhulwini okudla kwemfuyo kuneentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.” Maxa wambi ukutya kwezilwanyana kufakwa izinto ezilahlwa esilarheni ukuze kube neprotini engakumbi—nto leyo enokusasaza isalmonella nezinye iintsholongwane. Xa izilwanyana zinikwa intwana encinane kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuze zikhule ngokukhawuleza, iintsholongwane zinokungeva yeza. UGqr. Robert V. Tauxe weCenters for Disease Control uthi: “Umzekelo ofanelekileyo ngulowo we-salmonella, leyo iya ingaweva tu amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Sicinga ukuba oku kungenxa yokuba la mayeza ayafakwa ekudleni kwezilwanyana. Oku kusenokuba njalo nangezinye iintsholongwane.”

EUnited States, zimbalwa kakhulu iinkuku ezimka kwifama yazo zinesalmonella emathunjini azo xa zisisiwa esilarheni, kodwa ingcali yebhayoloji yezinambuzane uNelson Cox ithi “zanda ngokukhawuleza ziye kutsho kumashumi amabini ukusa kumashumi amabini anesihlanu ekhulwini endleleni eya apho.” Njengoko zicukaniswe kwiihokwana ezincinane, iinkuku zinokwasuleleka ngokulula. Iindlela zokuxhela ngokukhawuleza nezinto zokuzenza zingonakali ziyayandisa ingozi. Ingcali yebhayoloji yezinambuzane uGerald Kuester ithi: “Ekugqibeleni ezo nkuku ziba sele zingcole ngokungathi bezithiwe nkxu kwindlu yangasese emdaka. Zisenokuba bezihlanjiwe, kodwa iintsholongwane zisekho.”

Ngokunjalo, iindawo ezinkulu zokwenza inyama ingonakali zinokuba yingozi. IThe Encyclopedia of Common Diseases ithi: “Iindawo ekufakwa kuzo ukutya kwizilarha zanamhlanje zinkulu kangangokuba ukuba kukho imbinana efikayo enesifo inokonakalisa iitoni ezininzi zo kutya okusele kugqityiwe.” Ngokomzekelo, ilungu elinye lenyama yenkomo enesifo linokonakalisa zonke iihambhega eziphuma kuloo matshini wokusila. Ngaphezu koko, ukutya okulungiselelwe kwindawo ethile yokuxhela kuze kuthunyelwe ezivenkileni nakwiindawo ekuthengiswa kuzo ukutya kunokosuleleka ukuba ebudeni bokuthunyelwa kwako bebukubushushu obungafanelekanga.

Kungakanani ukutya okufika kwiindawo zentengiso okunokuba sisisongelo? Ethetha ngeUnited States uGqr. Menning uthi: “Ubuncinane ngama-60 ekhulwini ayo yonke into ethengiswa ngezixa ezincinane.” Kodwa unokuthabatha amanyathelo ukuze uzikhusele ekuguleni okubangelwa kukutya, kuba iphephancwadi iFDA Consumer lithi “ama-30 ekhulwini ako konke ukugula okunjalo abangelwa kukungagcinwa kakuhle kokutya ekhaya.” Ngawaphi amanyathelo obulumko onokuwathabatha?

Phambi Kokuba Ukuthenge . . .

Funda ileyibheli. Kwenziwe ngantoni? Lumka ukuba kusetyenziswe amaqanda akrwada, njengakwiisalad dressing okanye kwimayonnaise. Ubisi nesonka samasi zifanele zibe neleyibheli ethi “pasteurized [iintsholongwane zibulewe].” Phawula izilumkiso ngemihla ezithi “sell by [mayibe sele ithengisiwe ngomhla we-]” okanye “use by [mayibe sele isetyenzisiwe ngomhla we-].” Musa ukuzigqibela ngelithi yonke imveliso ekuthiwa ayinongwanga kuqinisekiwe ukuba ayinabungozi; isenokukuchanaba kwingozi ebezinokuthintelwa zizinongo.

Kugocagoce ukutya nendlela okusongelwe ngayo. Ukuba ukutya kukhangeleka kukudala, musa ukukuthenga. Ngokuphathelele intlanzi, intlanzi epheleleyo ifanele ibe namehlo aqaqambileyo, iimpefumla ezibomvu, ibe yengonakalanga, ibe nenyama eqinileyo, izihlunu zifanele zikhazimle yaye ziqaqambe, ingabi navumba litsarhayo nelibi. Intlanzi ifanele ibekwe phezu komkhenkce okanye ibe kwisibandisi. Ukuba intlanzi ephekiweyo ibekwe ecaleni kwentlanzi engaphekwanga zinokosulelana ngezifo. Ngapha koko, iinkonkxa ezivuzayo, ezikhukhumeleyo okanye ezonakeleyo zinokukwenza utyhefwe kukutya okonakeleyo—ityhefu enqabileyo kodwa maxa wambi ebulalayo ehlasela imithambo-luvo.

Phambi Kokuba Ukutye . . .

Kuphekisise. Le yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuzikhusela ekosulelweni. “Zixelele ukuba yonke into ephuma esilwanyaneni inesifo, uze uyiphathe ngolo hlobo,” ucebisa njalo uGqr. Cohen. Amaqanda afanele aphekwe de aqine, angabi ntubululu. Ekubeni intsholongwane inokukhula kwiqondo lobushushu elisisi-4 ngokukaCelsius nelingama-60 ngokukaCelsius, inyama ifanele iphekwe de umphakathi wayo ufikelele kwiqondo lobushushu elingama-71 ngokukaCelsius, yona inkuku ifanele ifikelele kuma-82 ngokukaCelsius.

Ziqhelise ukucoceka xa upheka. Zonke izinto zokupheka zifanele zihlanjwe ngokucokisekileyo emva kokusetyenziswa. Ngoxa bambi besithi amaplanga ekunqunqelwa kuwo anokugcina iintsholongwane, olunye uhlolisiso luthi akanabungozi njengezinto ekunqunqelwa kuzo ezenziwe ngeplastiki.a Enoba usebenzisa uhlobo olunjani lwento yokunqunqela ifanele ihlanjwe ngokucokisekileyo ngesepha namanzi ashushu. Abanye bacebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe neblitshi. Hlamba izandla zakho emva kokuphatha inyama ekrwada, kuba nantoni na oyiphathayo inokosulelwa sisifo.

Liphaphele ixesha. Goduka nako ukutya okuthengiweyo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngapha koko, “akukho nanye into enokonakala efanele ibe ngaphandle kwesibandisi ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbini, enoba iphekiwe okanye ikrwada,” itsho njalo ingcali yokutya uGail A. Levey. Yongezelela ngelithi: “Ukuba ngaphandle iqondo lobushushu lingaphezu kwama-90 [kwama-32 ngokukaCelsius] linciphise elo xesha ukusa kwiyure.”

Phambi Kokuba Ukugcine . . .

Sebenzisa izitya ezifanelekileyo. Faka ukutya okushushu kwizitya ezincinane ukuze kuphole ngokukhawuleza kwisibandisi. Vula isithuba phakathi kwezitya ukuze bungandi ubushushu kwisibandisi okanye kwisikhenkcisi sakho. Zonke izitya zifanele zigqunywe ukuze kungaphumi iintsholongwane kwesinye ziye kwesinye.

Hlola isibandisi sakho. Iqondo lobushushu lesikhenkcisi lifanele lingabi ngaphezu kwe-18 ngokukaCelsius, kwaye elesibandisi lifanele libe ngaphantsi kwesi-4 ngokukaCelsius. Ngoxa inyama inokugcinwa kwisikhenkcisi kangangeenyanga, inokonakala ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa kwisibandisi. Amaqanda afanele asetyenziswe kwisithuba seeveki ezintathu. Ukuze angophuki aze ahlale ebanda ngokwaneleyo, kulunge ngakumbi ukuba ayekwe kwibhokisi ebeze ngayo aze afakwe ngaphakathi kwisibandisi kunokuba afakwe kwitreyi yamaqanda ekumnyango wesibandisi, enye yezona ndawo zishushu kwisibandisi.

Phezu kwawo onke la manyathelo obulumko achazwe ngasentla, ukuba ukutya kukhangeleka okanye kunuka ngendlela ekrokrisayo, kulahle! Ngoxa ngokufuthi ukugula okubangelwa kukutya kufika kuze kudlule kungakhange kube namiphumo mibi, kwezinye iimeko—ingakumbi ebantwaneni, kubantu abakhulileyo, nakwabo bankqubo yabo yokuzikhusela ingasebenzi kakuhle—kunokubulala.b

Kwakuyiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo apho uThixo waxelela uNowa oku: “Zonke izilwanyana, iintaka, neentlanzi, . . . ndikunika zonke ukuba zibe kukutya kuwe.” (Genesis 9:2, 3, Today’s English Version) Iinkqubo zokuxhela nokulungiswa kwenyama ukuze ingonakali nokusasazwa kwayo ngokubanzi kuyakwandisa ukugula okubangelwa kukutya. Ngoko ke, yenza indima yakho njengomthengi. Lumka xa uthenga, xa upheka naxa ugcina ukutya kwakho.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 23]

Xa Usitya Ngaphandle Kwekhaya

Iipikniki. Sebenzisa isibandisi esinomkhenkce esikhuseleke kakuhle. Kunokuba usibeke kwindawo yemithwalo kungakuhle ukusibeka kwindawo ehlala abantu kwinqwelo-mafutha yakho. Epiknikini isibandisi sifanele sibekwe emthunzini sivalwe. Konke ukutya okukrwada makungadityaniswa nokunye ukutya. Ukukubilisa nje ukutya ngenjongo yokukugqibezela ukukupheka kamva ngokukosa akunconyelwa, kuba ukutya okungaphekwanga kwavuthwa kusenokubangela iintsholongwane.

Iivenkile zokutyela. “Ziphephe iivenkile zokutyela ezikhangeleka zingacocekanga,” ulumkisa ngelitshoyo uGqr. Jonathan Edlow. “Ukuba indawo yokutyela ibonakala imdaka, mhlawumbi nekhitshi linjalo.” Kuphindise nakuphi na ukutya “okuphekiweyo” okungekho shushu okanye okungavuthwanga kakuhle. Ukuba inyama yenkuku ibonakala ineendawana ezipinki ifanele ingatyiwa. Amaqanda agcadiweyo afanele avuthwe ncam macala omabini. “Ukuba umthubi weqanda uthambile, neengozi zininzi,” ilumkisa ngelitshoyo iFDA Consumer.

Iindawo zesaladi. Ekubeni zidibanisa ukutya okufuna ukuphekwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo nokufakwa kumaqondo awahlukahlukeneyo esibandisi, iindawo zesaladi zenza oko iphephancwadi iNewsweek likubiza ngokuthi “ibala elifanelekileyo lokudlala iintsholongwane.” Hlola ukuba iindawo zesaladi zicocekile na, uze uqiniseke ukuba ukutya okufanele ukugcinwa kubanda kubekwe endaweni enomkhenkce kusini na. Kwanaxa iindawo zesaladi zigcinwe kakuhle, iintsholongwane zinokudluliselwa komnye umthengi zisuka komnye. Kunjengokuba ingcali yebhayoloji yezinambuzane uMichael Pariza yatshoyo: “Awazi ukuba ngubani ogqibele ukuphatha icephe eliwela kwisalad dressing.”

Iimbutho zolonwabo. UGqr. Edlow uthi xa kutyiwa ngohlobo lokuba abantu baziphakele, umamkeli-zindwendwe ufanele “abeke izixa ezincinane zokutya etafileni aze abeke okongezelelekileyo ezityeni ezikhulu ezibekwe kwisibandisi okanye kwisifudumezi kunokuba ayeke ukutya kuhlale etafileni ixesha elide.” Gcina ukutya okubandayo kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwesi-4 ngokukaCelsius nokutya okushushu kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezu kwama-60 ngokukaCelsius. Inyama ephekiweyo eza kutyiwa ngelinye ixesha ifanele ifakwe ngoko nangoko kwisibandisi kwaye ifanele ihlale apho de kufike ixesha lokuba ifuduselwe kwenye indawo. Ngaphambi kokuba kutyiwe, ukutya kunokufudunyezwa ngokupheleleyo.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 20]

Ukuba kukhangeleka kukudala, musa ukukuthenga

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 22]

Ngaba ikhitshi levenkile yokutyela okuyo licocekile?