Indlela Yokwenza Ukutya Kukhuseleke
NGABA ukutya kuyingozi? Uphengululo olwenziwayo lusenokukubangela ucinge ukuba kunjalo. Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-130 kwiWHO European Region bachatshazelwa sisifo esibangelwa kukutya nyaka ngamnye. EUnited Kingdom kuphela, kuye kwanikelwa iingxelo ngowe-1998—yeemeko ezingaphezu kwe-100 000 zokutyhefwa kokutya—nto leyo ebangele ukufa kwabantu abamalunga nama-200. Kuqikelelwa ukuba eUnited States, izigulo ezingama-76 ezigidi zibangelwa zizifo ezisuka ekutyeni yaye kwezo meko, ezingama-325 000 ziquka ukulaliswa esibhedlele yaye ezingama-5 000 ziphelela ekufeni.
Ehlabathini lonke, kunzima ukufumana uqikelelo oluchane ncam. Noko ke, iWHO inikela ingxelo yokuba ngowe-1998, bamalunga nama-2,2 ezigidi abantu ababulawa zizifo zorhudo—abazizigidi ezili-1,8 kubo ngabantwana. Le ngxelo ithi: “Ubukhulu becala ezi ngxaki zibangelwa lungcoliso lokutya namanzi.”
Loo manani asenokubonakala esothusa. Kodwa ngaba la manani amele akwenze uxhalabe ngokukhuseleka kokutya okutyayo? Kusenokuba akunjalo. Cinga nje ngomnye umzekelo. EOstreliya kukho iimeko ezizizigidi ezingama-4,2 zezigulo ezibangelwa kukutya nyaka ngamnye—okanye malunga ne-11 500 mihla le! Oko kusenokubonakala kulinani elikhulu. Kodwa khawujonge izinto ngenye indlela. Abantu baseOstreliya batya malunga nezidlo ezingama-20 amawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye; kwezi zidlo iqhezu nje likhokelela ekuguleni. Ngamanye amazwi, ingozi ekwisidlo ngasinye incinane kakhulu.
Kodwa ke, ikho ngokwenene ingozi. Yintoni eyenza ukuba ukutya kubangele izigulo, yaye yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa loo ngozi?
Oonobangela Bezifo Zokutya
Inani elikhulu lezifo linokudluliselwa ngokutya—ngaphezu kwama-200 azo, ngokutsho kukalindixesha iEmerging Infectious Diseases. Kodwa oonobangela bazo zonke ezi zifo abakho baninzi. Ngokutsho kukaGqr. Iain Swadling, oyifood information officer for the International Food Information Service, malunga nama-90 ekhulwini azo zonke iimeko zezifo ezibangelwa kukutya abangelwa “mhlawumbi ziindidi ezingaphantsi kwezingama-24” zezidalwa ezincinane. Kwenzeka njani ukuba izinto ezibangela izifo ezahlukeneyo—iintsholongwane, izifunxi-gazi, iityhefu nezinye izinto—zingene ekutyeni?
UGqr. Swadling udwelisa iindidi ezintlanu zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezingcolisa ukutya: “Ukusebenzisa ukutya okukrwada okungcolileyo; ukulungiswa kokutya ngabantu abagulayo; ukubekwa kokutya kwindawo engafanelekanga kwakunye nokulungisa ukutya kwiiyure eziliqela ngaphambi kokuba kutyiwe; ukungcoliseka kokutya ngoxa kulungiswa; ukungaphekwa okanye ukungafudunyezwa kakuhle kokutya.” Nangona olu ludwe lusenokukhangeleka luxhalabisa, kodwa luneendaba ezimnandi. Kwiimeko ezininzi izifo ezibangelwa kukutya zinako ukuthintelwa. Ukuze ubone oko unokukwenza ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lokutya okutyayo, phawula ibhokisi ekwiphepha 18 nelesi-19.
Ukwenza Ukhetho Olulungeleleneyo
Ngenxa yeengozi ezahlukeneyo nenkxalabo ebangelwa kukutya, abanye abantu namhlanje baye bagqiba kwelokuba baziphe ithuba lokuthenga, ukulungisa nokutya ukutya okufanelekileyo. Ukuba nawe uyathanda ukwenjenjalo, khangela ivenkile okanye imarike ekummandla wakho ethengisa ukutya okufanelekileyo nokungenazinongo. Olunye ukhokelo lokuthenga luthi: “Abathengi abaninzi baye baqhagamshelane nabathengisi—kwiimarike ezivula kanye ngeveki [apho kuthengiswa iziqhamo ezitsha] okanye apho kuveliswa khona ukutya—ukuze bakwazi ukuthenga ukutya kusekutsha gqitha nokujonga indlela okuveliswa ngayo ukutya nemvelaphi yako.” Oku kungakunceda xa uthenga inyama.
Ngendlela efanayo, kusenokuba kokulunge kakhulu ukuthenga ukutya ngokwamaxesha ako, ekubeni oko kusenokuba sempilweni. Noko ke, qonda ukuba, xa ulandela loo ndlela, akusayi kukwazi ukukhetha kwiziqhamo nemifuno ethengiswa ehlabathini unyaka wonke.
Ngaba ufanele ubhenele ekutyeni okuyimveliso yezinto eziphilayo? Ukhetho lolwakho. Ukutya okuyimveliso kuthandwa gqitha ngabanye abantu, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo abanye bebangelwa kukungathembi ukutya okuvela kweminye imizi-mveliso yokutya. Kodwa asinguye wonke ubani oya kuvuma ukuba izinto eziphilayo zivelisa ukutya okukhuselekileyo.
Enoba ukhetha kuphi ukutya, kuhlolisise kakuhle oko ukuthengayo. Enye ingcali ecatshulwe kwiphephandaba leeveki ngeeveki iDie Zeit ikhala ngelithi: “Xa kufikelelwa ekutyeni, umthengi ujonga ixabiso kuphela.” Kulungile ukuwaphaphela amaxabiso, kodwa jonga noludwe lwezinto ozithengayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abathenga ukutya kumazwe aseNtshona abaziniki thuba lakufunda ngezondlo ezibhalwe apho. Kuyavunywa ukuba kwamanye amazwe, akubhalwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukutya okukhuselekileyo, yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuhlolisisa ukutya.
Enoba wenza siphi isigqibo ngokuphathelele ukutya okutyayo, kuya kufuneka ube bhetyebhetye maxa wambi, uzivumelanisa nendlela eziyiyo izinto kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Kubantu abaninzi kule mihla, kunzima—kubiza imali eninzi, kudla ixesha, kubangela iingxaki—ukuqinisekisa ukuba batya ukutya okukhuseleke ngazo zonke iindlela.
Ngaba oko kumele kukudimaze ngehlabathi esiphila kulo? Kusengqiqweni. Noko ke, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kungekudala izinto ziza kulunga.
[Ibhokisi/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 18, 19]
Amanyathelo Onokuwathabatha
◼ Hlamba. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla emanzini ashushu anesepha ngaphambi kokulungiselela nasiphi na isidlo. Ngalo lonke ixesha hlamba emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, emva kokunyamekela usana okanye ukucoca umntwana (njengokumtshintsha isishuba okanye ukusula iimpumlo), okanye emva kokubamba isilwanyana kuquka ezasekhaya. Hlamba naziphi na izinto osebenza ngazo, iibhodi zokusikela, neetafile ngamanzi ashushu anesepha emva kokulungiselela nasiphi na isidlo—ingakumbi emva kokuphatha inyama ekrwada, inyama yenkuku, okanye intlanzi. Iphephancwadi iTest lithi: “Hlamba iziqhamo nemifuno ngamanzi adikidiki,” ukuze kusuke izinambuzane nezibulala-zinambuzane eziseleyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi ukuchuba nokubilisa zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokucoca ukutya. Kwiletisi okanye ikhaphetshu, susa uze ulahle amagqabi angaphandle.
◼ Kuphekisise. Ukuba ukutya kushushu ngaphezu kweqondo elingama-70° ngokukaCelsius, phantse zonke iintsholongwane nezifunxi-gazi ziya kufa ngoko nangoko. Inyama yenkuku ifanele iphekwe nangaphezu koko, ukuya kutsho kuma-80° ngokukaCelsius. Ukutya okufudunyezwayo kufanele kubekwe kubushushu obungama-75° ngokukaCelsius, okanye ke kuqhume. Musa ukutya inyama yenkuku esebomvu ngaphakathi, amaqanda atyhengetyhenge, okanye intlanzi esetyokololo nongenakuyibamba ngefolokhwe.
◼ Gcina ukutya kwahlukene. Gcina inyama ekrwada, inyama yenkuku okanye intlanzi yahlukene ngamaxesha onke—xa uthenga, upakisha naxa upheka. Musa ukuvumela amanzi aphuma kuzo achaphazele enye okanye okunye ukutya. Kwakhona musa ukubeka ukutya okuvuthiweyo kwisitya ebesinenyama, intlanzi okanye inyama yenkuku ekrwada, ngaphandle kokuba eso sitya sihlanjisisiwe ngamanzi ashushu anesepha.
◼ Kugcine uze ukubandise kakuhle ukutya. Isibandisi sisenokuthintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane eziyingozi, kodwa ubushushu baso bufanele bube sisi-4° ngokukaCelsius. Isikhenkcisi sona sifanele sibe li-17° ngokukaCelsius. Kukhuphe ukutya okubolayo kwisithuba seeyure ezimbini. Xa ubeka ukutya ngaphambi kwesidlo, zigqume zonke izitya ukuze iimpukane zingasondeli.
◼ Lumka xa usitya kwiivenkile ezithengisa ukutya. Olunye uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba, ukususela kuma-60 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini ezifo ezibangelwa kukutya, abangelwa kukutya okuthengiweyo nokungaphekwanga ekhaya. Qiniseka ukuba nayiphi na ivenkile yokudlela oyityelelayo ihambisana nomgangatho wempilo ofunwa ngumthetho. Thenga inyama ephekisiswe kakuhle. Ngokuphathelele ukutya okuthengayo uhambe nako, qiniseka ukuba ukutya kwisithuba seeyure ezimbini emva kokuba ukuthengile. Ukuba kudlula ixesha elide, phinda ukufudumeze ngobushushu obungama-75° ngokukaCelsius.
◼ Kulahle ukutya okuthandabuzisayo. Ukuba uyathandabuza enoba ukutya okuthile kusalungile okanye akulunganga, kokona kukhuselekileyo ukukulahla. Kuyavunywa ukuba akubobulumko ukulahla ukutya okulungileyo. Sekunjalo, ukuguliswa kukutya okungalunganga kungakudla imali eninzi ngakumbi.
[Inkcazelo]
—Asekelwe ubukhulu becala kwiFood Safety Tips, elungiselelwe yiFood Safety Technology Council eUnited States.