Amatile-tile Okuphelisa Ulwaphulo-mthetho

“ULUTSHA Luthi Ukuba Nesithukuthezi Kungunobangela Oyintloko Wolwaphulo-mthetho Olubangelwa Ngabaselula,” watsho njalo umxholo wephephandaba eliphambili laseBritani. “Ukruthakruthwano Lwasekhaya Kuthiwa Lungunobangela Wokwanda Kolwaphulo-mthetho,” latsho njalo elinye. Yaye elesithathu lathi: “Iziyobisi Ezikhobokisa Abantu ‘Zibangela Amawakawaka Ezenzo Zolwaphulo-mthetho.’” Iphephancwadi iPhilippine Panorama lenza uqikelelo lokuba ama-75 ekhulwini azo zonke izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho eManila zenziwa ngabantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi.

Kukwakho nabanye oothunywashe abanokufak’ isandla kulwaphulo-mthetho olwandayo. “Ubuhlwempu ngokufanayo nokuba nobutyebi obuninzi” buzezinye izinto ekwabhekiselwa kuzo ngumphathi-jikelele wamapolisa eNigeria. Ingcinezelo yoontanga nokunqaba kwemisebenzi, ukungabikho kwesohlwayo esiqatha esingokwasemthethweni, ukuhla okuqhelekileyo kwemilinganiselo yentsapho, ukungahlonelwa kwegunya nomthetho, nogonyamelo olugqith’ emgceni kwimiboniso eshukumayo nakwividiyo nalo luyakhankanywa.

Omnye uthunywashe ngowokuba abantu abaninzi abasakholelwa kwelokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho aluncedi mntu. Ingcali ngezentlalo kwiYunivesithi yaseBologna eItali yathi kwiminyaka emininzi, “inani lezenzo zobusela ekuye kwanikelwa ingxelo ngazo lingaphezulu kwenani labantu abaye babanjelwa zona.” Yathi “inani labantu ababanjwayo xa lithelekiswa nazo zonke izenzo zobusela ekunikelwe ingxelo ngazo liye lehla ukususela kuma-50 ukusa kwi-0,7 ekhulwini.”

Abuhlungu kodwa ayinyaniso amazwi eThe New Encyclopædia Britannica athi: “Ukwanda kolwaphulo-mthetho kubonakala kuyeyona nto ibalaseleyo kulo lonke ibutho labantu lezi mini elihambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, yaye alukho uphuhliso lomthetho okanye indlela yokuqhubana nezaphuli-mthetho ekunokuthiwa ibe negalelo ekunciphiseni le ngxaki. . . . Kwibutho lezi mini abantu abaphila ubomi basedolophini, apho ukunyuka kwezoqoqosho nempumelelo yomntu ngamnye izezona zinto zibalaseleyo, akukho sizathu sokucingela ukuba amanani olwaphulo-mthetho akasayi kuqhubeka enyuka.”

Ngaba Oku Kukuzenza Izinto Zibonakale Zimbi Gqitha?

Ngaba ngokwenene imeko imbi ngolo hlobo? Ngaba akukhange kwenziwe ingxelo kwezinye iindawo ngokuhla kolwaphulo-mthetho? Eneneni, kunjalo, kodwa iingxelo ezinjalo zinokulahlekisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba kwiiPhilippines ulwaphulo-mthetho luhle ngama-20 ekhulwini emva kokuyekiswa kokusetyenziswa kwemipu. Kodwa iAsiaweek yachaza ukuba elinye igosa likholelwa kwelokuba amasela eenqwelo-mafutha nabakhuthuzi beebhanki baye bayeka ukuba iinqwelo-mafutha nokukhuthuza iibhanki yaye “batshintshele ekuqweqwediseni.” Ukuhla kokukhuthuzwa kweebhanki nokubiwa kweenqwelo-mafutha kuye kwabangela ukuhla kolwaphulo-mthetho xa lulonke, kodwa oku kuhla kuye akwacaca ngenxa yokunyuka ngokuphindwe kane kwenani labantu abaqweqwediswayo!

Linikela ingxelo ngeHungary, iphephancwadi i-HVG lathi: “Xa kuthelekiswa nenxalenye yokuqala yowe-1993, amanani olwaphulo-mthetho ehle nge-6,2 ekhulwini. Okunye akulibeleyo ukukukhankanya amapolisa kukuba ukuhla . . . ngokuyintloko kubangelwe ziinguqulelo ezenziweyo kulawulo.” Imali ebichithwa ngaphambili kubusela, kubuqhetseba, okanye ekonakalisweni kwezinto iye yenyuka ngama-250 ekhulwini. Ngoko ulwaphulo-mthetho olubandakanya izinto zabantu olungaphantsi kwalo mlinganiselo akusanikelwa ngxelo ngalo. Ekubeni ulwaphulo-mthetho olubandakanya izinto zabantu lunegalelo elisisithathu kwisine salo lonke ulwaphulo-mthetho elizweni, akunakuthiwa luhlile ngokwenene.

Kuyavunywa ukuba ukufumana ingxelo echanileyo yolwaphulo-mthetho akuyondlwan’ iyanetha. Esinye isizathu sikukuba izenzo ezininzi zolwaphulo-mthetho—mhlawumbi ezifikelela kuma-90 ekhulwini kuhlobo oluthile—zithi yabalala zingaxelwa. Kodwa ukuphikisana ngokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho luhlile okanye aluhlanga eneneni akunamsebenzi. Abantu balangazelela ukupheliswa kolwaphulo-mthetho, kunokuba luncitshiswe nje.

Oorhulumente Bawa Bevuka

Uhlolisiso lowe-1990 lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo lwatyhila ukuba amazwe asele ehambele phambili achitha umlinganiselo wesi-2 ukusa kwisi-3 ekhulwini soqingqo-mali lwawo lwaminyaka le ekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngoxa amazwe asakhasayo echitha nangaphezu koko, umlinganiselo wesi-9 ukusa kwi-14 ekhulwini. Ukwandisa inani lomkhosi wamapolisa nokuwanika izixhobo ezisemgangathweni kuyeyona nto iphambili kwezinye iindawo. Kodwa imiphumo yoko ayanelisi. Bambi abemi baseHungary bakhalaza ngelithi: “Akaze anele amapolisa okubamba izaphuli-mthetho kodwa asoloko anele awokubamba abantu abaphula imithetho yendlela.”

Kutshanje oorhulumente abaninzi baye bakubona kuyimfuneko ukuba bamisele imithetho engqongqo nxamnye nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokomzekelo, iphephancwadi iTime lithi, ekubeni “ukuqweqwedisa kwandile kuwo wonke uMzantsi noMbindi Merika,” oorhulumente balapho baye bamisela imithetho “engqongqo nengenampumelelo kwangaxeshanye.” . . . Liyavuma ukuba, “ukumisela imithetho kuyenye into, ukuyisebenzisa kuyenye.”

Kuqikelelwa ukuba eBritani ingaphezu kwe-100-000 imibutho yabalindi bengingqi, eyayikho ngowe-1992, nekwazi ukubeka iliso ubuncinane kwizindlu ezizizigidi ezine. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zazisetyenziswa eOstreliya phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1980. IAustralian Institute of Criminology, ithi, injongo yazo yayikukunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho “ngokuhlaziya ulwazi lwabemi ngokhuseleko loluntu ngokubanzi, ngokuphucula indlela abantu abacinga ngayo nabenza ngayo xa benikela ingxelo ngolwaphulo-mthetho neziganeko ezibangela urhano elumelwaneni kwanangokunciphisa ukuba ngamaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho ngoncedo lokuziphawula izinto zabo nokufakela izixhobo eziluncedo zokhuseleko.”

Kwezinye iindawo kusetyenziswa closed-circuit television. ukunxibelelanisa izikhululo zamapolisa neendawo zorhwebo. Amapolisa, iibhanki neevenkile zisebenzisa iikhamera zevidiyo njengezinto zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye njengesixhobo sokufumana izaphuli-mthetho.

ENigeria amapolisa aneendawo amisa kuzo abantu koohola beendlela ukuze abahlole ezama ukubamba abakhuthuzi nabo bahlutha iinqwelo-mafutha. Urhulumente uye wabeka amaqela akhethekileyo omkhosi ukuba alwe nobuqhetseba obukwezorhwebo. Iikomiti ezinxibelelanisa amapolisa nabantu nezibunjwe ziinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zazisa amapolisa ngezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho nangabantu abangaqondakaliyo.

Abo batyelele kwiiPhilippines baphawula ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo amakhaya akashiywa engenamntu yaye abantu abaninzi bafuye izinja. Oosomashishini baqesha abalindi beenkampani ezizimeleyo ukuba bakhusele amashishini abo. Izixhobo zokuthintela ukubiwa kwenqwelo-mafutha zithengwa gqitha. Abantu abakwaziyo babhenela ekuhlaleni kwizindlu ezinamacandelo anqabisekileyo.

Iphephandaba laseLondon iThe Independent lagqabaza lathi: “Njengoko bephelelwa yintembelo kwiinkqubo ezingokwasemthethweni, liyanda inani labemi abazifunela ngokwabo ukhuseleko lweendawo abahlala kuzo.” Yaye abaninzi ngakumbi bazifunela izixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiintsapho ezimbini ubuncinane enye inompu omnye.

Oorhulumente basoloko bevelisa iindlela ezintsha zokulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kodwa uV. Vsevolodov, weAcademy of Home Affairs eUkraine, ubonisa ukuba ngokutsho kwemithombo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, abantu abaninzi abaneziphiwo bazama “iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuqhubeka nezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho” angenakukwazi ukumelana nazo “amagosa ezomthetho.” Izaphuli-mthetho ezikrelekrele zifaka intywenka yemali kumashishini nakwiinkonzo zokunceda uluntu, zizihlanganisa nabantu yaye “zizizuzela izikhundla eziphakamileyo ebuthweni.”

Ukuphelelwa Yintembelo

Abantu abalinani elandayo kwamanye amazwe bade bakholelwe kwelokuba norhulumente ungunobangela wale ngxaki. IAsiaweek yacaphula inkokeli yeqela elithintela ulwaphulo-mthetho isithi: “Malunga nama-90 ekhulwini abantu esibabambayo kuba berhanelwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho ngamapolisa okanye amajoni.” Enoba kuyinyaniso okanye akunjalo, iingxelo ezinjengezi zaqhubela omnye osebenza kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ukuba agqabaze athi: “Ukuba abo babekelwe ukuba bagcine umthetho bayawaphula, ibutho labantu lisengxakini.”

Amatyala okunganyaniseki abandakanya amagosa aphezulu aye agungqisa oorhulumente abakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, aza aphelisa nentembelo yabemi. Ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yintembelo kumandla oorhulumente okuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngoku abantu bathandabuza uzimiselo lwabo lokwenjenjalo. Omnye umhlohli wabuza: “La magosa aseburhulumenteni anokuluthintela njani ulwaphulo-mthetho xa wona ezityikatyika kulo?”

Oorhulumente bayatshintshatshintsha, kodwa ulwaphulo-mthetho luhlala luhleli. Kodwa, kungekudala liyeza ixesha laxa ulwaphulo-mthetho luya kube lungasekho!

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 7]

Izinto zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho: Ikhamera ekuthiwa ‘yiclosed-circuit TV,’ amasango entsimbi nomlindi onenja eqeqeshiweyo

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

Ulwaphulo-mthetho lubenza abantu amabanjwa ezindlwini zabo