Ukuxhatshazwa Kwabantwana Ngokwesini—Ingxaki Yehlabathi Lonke

NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! ESWEDEN

Abantu bothuke gqitha luhlobo olothusayo lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana olukwinqanaba nolukuhlobo obelungaziwa de kwayiminyaka yakutshanje. Abameli bamazwe ali-130 baye bahlanganisana eStockholm, eSweden, kwiWorld Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children yokuqala, ukuze bakhangele into enokwenziwe ngale meko. Umbhaleli kaVukani! waseSweden naye wayekho apho.

XA UMAGDALEN wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, walukuhlelwa ukuba asebenze “njengeweyitala” kumzi ekuthengiswa kuwo utywala eManila, kwiiPhilippines. Enyanisweni, umsebenzi wakhe wawubandakanya ukuthabatha amadoda aze kuthenga angene nawo kwigunjana aze akhulule abe ze ukuze amxhaphaze ngokwesini—umlinganiselo wamadoda ali-15 ngobusuku nangama-30 ngemiGqibelo. Maxa wambi, xa esithi akakwazi ukunyamezela, umphathi wakhe wayemnyanzela ukuba angayeki. Ngokufuthi usuku lwakhe lwaluphela ngentsimbi yesine ekuseni, edinwe eyiloo nto, edandathekile yaye enxunguphele.

USareoun wayeyinkwenkwana eyinkedama eyayihlala esitratweni ePhnom Penh, eKhambodiya. Wayenegcushuwa yaye wayesaziwa ‘ngokulala’ nabahambi. Wayehlala kwitempile ethile, apho ‘wayenyanyekelwa’ ngothile owayesakuba yimonki. Noko ke, lo mfo wayeyixhaphaza le nkwenkwe ngokwesini aze ayithengise kubahambi njengehenyu. Xa le tempile awayehlala kuyo uSareoun yadilizwa, waya kuhlala kuninakazi kodwa wayesanyanzelekile ukuba asebenze esitratweni.

Le yimizekelo nje emibini yengxaki enzima ebijamelene nayo iWorld Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo. Wande kangakanani lo mkhwa? Amakhulu amawaka abantwana abandakanyekile—enyanisweni, bambi bathi zizigidi. Olunye undwendwe kule ntlanganiso lwayishwankathela le ngxaki ngokuthi: “Abantwana bayathengwa baze bathengiswe njengento yokuzanelisa ngokwesini nento yezorhwebo. Bathuthwa ngaphakathi kwaye beweliswa imida njengempahla ewezwa ngokungekho mthethweni, bevalelwa kwizindlu zoonongogo baze banyanzelelwe ekubeni banelise iqela labo baxhaphaza abanye ngokwesini.”

Kumazwi ayo okuvula le ngqungquthela, inkulumbuso yaseSweden, uGöran Persson, yayibiza le ndlela yokuxhaphaza “njengolona lwaphulo-mthetho lwenkohlakalo, olubulwanyanarha nolwenyanyeka ngeyona ndlela.” Ummeli weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo wathi oku “kukuhlaselwa kwabantwana ngandlela zonke . . . , kukungcola okungathethekiyo yaye kukutyeshelwa okuthiyekileyo kwamalungelo abantu.” Kuyo yonke loo ngqungquthela kwakuthethwa amazwi afanayo eqongeni, abantu bevakalisa indlela elizothe ngayo into yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana nendlela ekwande ngayo, uhlobo okwenziwa ngayo, noonobangela nemiphumo yako.

Omnye umthombo wakubeka ngolu hlobo oku: “Lo mkhwa sele utyhutyhe izizwe zonke, yaye umphumo wawo uya kuchaphazela izizukulwana ngezizukulwana.” Omnye wathi: “Kuqikelelwa ukuba nyaka ngamnye ngabantwana abasisigidi esinye abangenela olu shishino lungekho mthethweni lwesini oluxabisa izigidi ngezigidi zeedola.” Oku kunawuphi umphumo? “Isidima sabantwana, ukuzixabisa kwabo kuyaphela yaye abaphindi bathembe mntu. Basenokugula ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo, bahluthwa amalungelo abo nekamva labo libekwa emngciphekweni.”

Abanye Oonobangela

Ngabaphi abanye oothunywashe ababangela le ngxaki ikhula kangaka? Kuye kwathiwa abanye abantwana “banyanzelwa ziimeko ukuze babe ngoonongogo, baphila esitratweni, ukuze bancedise ukuxhasa iintsapho zakwamakwabo, okanye ukuhlawula iimpahla nezinye izinto. Abanye balukuhlwa yimifanekiso yezentengiso.” Sekunjalo abanye bayaqweqwediswa baze banyanzelelwe ekubeni ngoonongogo. Phakathi koonobangela kuye kwakhankanywa nokuwohloka ngokungaginyisi mathe kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kuzo zonke iindawo, kuquka nemvakalelo exhaphakileyo yokuziva ungento yanto.

Amantombazana namakhwenkwe amaninzi abandakanyeka kushishino lwesini ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa entsatsheni—ugonyamelo nombulo oqhubeka ekhaya ubenza babalekele esitratweni. Apho, basengozini yokuxhatshazwa ngabantu abaxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini nangabanye, yaye, kubonakala ngathi, nangamapolisa athile. Ingxelo yale ngxaki enomxholo othi Kids for Hire ibalisa ngoKatia oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala, eBrazil. Xa wabanjwa lipolisa elithile, lamnyanzelela kwisenzo sokuziphatha okubi laza lamsongela ngokubulala intsapho yakokwabo ukuba ukhe walixela kumphathi walo. Ngosuku olulandelayo labuya namanye amadoda amahlanu, onke efuna ukuba awanelise ngokwesini.

Umbutho waseSweden, iChildren’s Ombudsman waxelela iindwendwe usithi: “Emva kophando olwenziweyo ngoonobangela bokuba abantwana babe ngoonongogo, alithandabuzeki elokuba ukhenketho [lwesini] lungomnye woonobangela abaphambili.” Enye ingxelo yathi: “Ukwanda okumangalisayo koonongogo abangabantwana kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo kuye kwabangelwa ngokungqalileyo lushishino lokukhenketha. Oonongogo abangabantwana bayeyona nto intsha ethandwa gqitha ngabakhenkethi efumaneka kumazwe asakhasayo.” “Abakhenkethi besini” abasuka eYurophu, eUnited States, eJapan, nakwezinye iindawo babangela kubekho oonongogo abaninzi abangabantwana ehlabathini lonke. Inqwelo-moya yaseYurophu yayinomfanekiso owawenzelwe ukuhlekisa womntwana olungele iintlobano zesini ukuze atsale abo bakukhenketho lwesini. Amashishini abakhenkethi minyaka le aye alungiselela abantu abangamawaka ukhenketho lwesini.

Kwakhona kuludwe olude loonobangela kukukhuthazwa koshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe lwesini ebantwaneni ngobugcisa bezi mini. I-Internet, kunye nobunye ubugcisa bekhompyutha, kuthiwa ngowona mthombo mkhulu wemifanekiso engamanyala. Izixhobo zevidiyo ezinamaxabiso aphantsi nazo ziye zabangela kwalula ukwenziwa kwemifanekiso yabantwana ebonisa amanyala.

Ngoobani Aba?

Abantu abadala abaxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini kuthiwa ziipedophiles. Umntu oxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini unomnqweno ogqwethekileyo wesini ebantwaneni. Ngokutsho kweChildren’s Ombudsman yaseSweden, “asibantu bagugileyo, amadoda angamanikiniki anxibe iimpahla zemvula okanye izigantsontso zamadoda aziindlobongela. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntu oxhaphaza abantwana yindoda efundileyo kwaye eliqina nje lomfo, ngokuqhelekileyo esebenza nabantwana njengomfundisi-ntsapho, ugqirha, unontlalo-ntle okanye umfundisi.”

Iqela laseSweden lazekelisa ngoRosario, intombazana eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala yakwiiPhilippines eyaxhatshazwa ngokwesini ngumkhenkethi othile wesini, ugqirha waseOstriya. Ngenxa yoku kuxhatshazwa le ntombazana yafa.

UCarol Bellamy, intsumpa yeUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) eGeneva, wathetha okulandelayo ngale ntombazana ineminyaka eli-12 ubudala yakwiiPhilippines: “Ngokufuthi ngabantu abadala abanembopheleleko yokunyamekela baze bakhusele abantwana abavumela baze benze esi senzo simanyumnyezi. Ngabafundisi-ntsapho, amagosa empilo, amapolisa, abezobupolitika, nabefundisi abathi kuba behlonelwa kwaye benegunya baxhaphaze abantwana ngokwesini.”

Unqulo Lubandakanyekile

Undwendwe lweCawa yamaRoma Katolika olwalukho kule ngqungquthela yaseStockholm lwavuma ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana “lolona lwaphulo-mthetho lwenkohlakalo” yaye “lubangelwa kukugqwetheka okunzulu nokuwohloka kwemilinganiselo.” Ukanti, iCawa yamaKatolika iye yachaphazeleka gqitha sesi senzo phakathi kwabefundisi bayo.

Kwinkupho yeNewsweek ka-Agasti 16, 1993, inqaku elalisithi “Abefundisi Nokuxhaphaza” lanikela ingxelo “ngawona manyundululu achaphazela abefundisi kwimbali yezi mini kwiCawa yamaKatolika yaseUnited States.” Eli nqaku lathi: “Ngoxa kuye kwamangalelwa abefundisi abanokuba ngama-400 ukususela ngowe-1982, wambi amagosa ecawa acinga ukuba abefundisi abanokuba ngama-2500 baye baxhaphaza abantwana okanye abakwishumi elivisayo ngokwesini. . . . Ngaphandle nje kwemali, la manyundululu aye ayihlazisa ngeyona ndlela le cawa—kwaye iphelelwe naligunya kwimibandela yokuziphatha.” Nezinye iinkonzo ehlabathini lonke zikwimeko efanayo.

URay Wyre, ingcali kulwaphulo-mthetho olungokwesini eUnited Kingdom, yaxelela le ngqungquthela yaseStockholm ngamakhwenkwe amabini aye axhatshazwa ngolunya ngumfundisi. Enye kula makhwenkwe ingumphathi kwiziko lamaxhoba angabantwana abaxhatshazwe ngabefundisi, yaye enye ingumxhaphazi.

UMettanando Bhikkhu, umphengululi ongumBhuda waseThailand, wanikela ingxelo yokuba “ezinye izenzo zonqulo lwamaBhuda zibekek’ ityala ngorhwebo lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesini eThailand ngeendlela ezininzi. Kwiidolophana zasekuhlaleni eThailand, iimonki maxa wambi ziye zazuza kwimali ebuyiselwa kwibutho labantu ngabantwana abaye banyanzelelwa ukuba babe ngoonongogo.”

Yintoni Enokwenziwa?

UGqr. Julia O’Connell Davidson, weYunivesithi iLeicester eUnited Kingdom, wacela le ngqungquthela ukuba ikhe ibanike ithuba aba baxhaphazi ukuba bazithethelele. Ngokufuthi aba baxhaphazi bathi aba bantwana baziphatha vakalala ngokwesini, besithi aba bantwana sele bengcolile yaye bonakele. Abanye abaxhaphazi baqiqa ngokugqwethekileyo bexoka besithi oku bakwenzayo akunabungozi yaye nomntwana lowo uyangenelwa.

Igqiza elaliphathelelene nokhenketho lwesini lancomela ukuba oku kuliwe ngokufundiswa kwabantwana ezikolweni. Ukongezelela, abakhenkethi bafanele bafumane inkcazelo echasene nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesini kulo lonke uhambo lwabo—ngaphambi kokunduluka, ebudeni bohambo, nasekufikeni kwabo apho baya khona.

Ngokuphathelele ubugcisa obutsha bonxibelelwano, eli gqiza lacebisa ukuba amazwe afanele anikwe ulwalathiso lokuphelisa izinto ezibangela ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana. Kwacingwa nangokuqaliswa kweziko elinye eliza kusingatha umbandela onjengalo. Elinye igqiza lancomela ukuba imifanekiso engamanyala eyenzelwe abantwana ekwikhompyutha kwanokuba abantwana babe nemifanekiso engamanyala kube lulwaphulo-mthetho kumazwe onke, kumiselwe isigwebo ngokwasemthethweni.

Yintoni abazali abanokuyenza? Igqiza elalisingathe umbandela wendima yejelo leendaba lacebisa ngokuthi abazali bafanele bakuthabathele kubo ukukhusela abantwana babo. Lathi: “Abazali abanakwalathisa nje abantwana njengokuba bekhula besiba ngabaphulaphuli bamajelo eendaba kodwa bafanele banikele okungakumbi, njengenkcazelo nokwahlukana kwemithombo yenkcazelo ukuze babenze bangaphenjelelwa kangako ngamajelo osasazo baze bancede umntwana akhule ngolwazi.”

Xa inkqubo kamabonwakude waseSweden yayinikela ingxelo ngale ngqungquthela yagxininisa imfuneko yokuba abazali babek’ iliso kubantwana babo baze babalumkise ngeengozi. Noko ke, yacebisa isithi: “Musa ukubalumkisa abantwana nje kuphela ‘ngabantu abangamanikiniki nabadala,’ kuba abantwana . . . baya kucinga ukuba kuphela bafanele balumkele abantu abakhulileyo, abamdaka, ngoxa umntu owenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olunjalo esenokuba ngumntu onxibe iyunifom okanye isuti entle. Ngenxa yoko, balumkise ngabantu abangabaziyo ababonakalisa umdla okhethekileyo kubo.” Kambe ke, abantwana bafanele balunyukiswe—baze babongozwe ukuba bamxele kwabasemagunyeni—nabani na obaphatha ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, kuquka nabantu ababaziyo.

Ekuphela Kwesicombululo

Ekuphela kwento le ngqungquthela yaseStockholm engakwazanga ukunikela icebiso kuyo yindlela yokuphelisa oonobangela bokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana. Oku kuquka ukuwohloka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwiindawo zonke; ukwanda kokuzingca nokunyolukela izinto eziphathekayo; ukwanda kokungathotyelwa kwemithetho ekhusela abantu kokungekho sikweni; ukwanda kokungakhathalelwa kwabantu, isidima sabo, nobomi babanye; ukuwohloka okukhawulezileyo kwelungiselelo lentsapho; ukwanda kobuhlwempu ngenxa yokwanda okugqithiseleyo kwabantu, ukungaqeshwa, ukunwenwa komoya wasezidolophini, nokufudukela kwabantu kwamanye amazwe; ukwanda kokucalucalulwa kwabantu bamanye amazwe neembacu; ukwanda okuqhubekayo kokuveliswa kweziyobisi nokuthengiswa kwazo ngokungekho mthethweni; neembono zonqulo ezigqwethekileyo, izenzo namasiko akwanjalo.

Nangona ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kungumbandela ohambis’ umzimba, asinto yothusayo kubafundi beBhayibhile abanenyameko. Ngoba? Kuba siphila kumaxesha iBhayibhile ewabiza ngokuthi ‘yimihla yokugqibela’ yaye, ngokutsho kweLizwi likaThixo, la ‘ngamaxesha amanqam ekunzima ukuqhubana nawo.’ (2 Timoti 3:1-5, 13) Ngoko ngaba kuyamangalisa ukuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha iye yawohloka ngokulusizi?

Noko ke, iBhayibhile yalatha kwekuphela kwesicombululo seengxaki ezinkulu zehlabathi—xa uThixo uSomandla elicoca ngokupheleleyo. Kungekudala uza kubonakalisa amandla akhe aze ashenxise bonke emhlabeni abangayithobeliyo imigaqo nemithetho yakhe yobulungisa: “Abathe tye baya kulima ilizwe, basale kulo abagqibeleleyo, banqunyulwe ezweni abangendawo, abanginizayo bancothulwe kulo.”—IMizekeliso 2:21, 22; 2 Tesalonika 1:6-9.

Abo baza ‘kunqunyulwa’ baza kuquka bonke abo benza abantwana oonongogo nabantu abangcolileyo abaxhaphaza abantwana. ILizwi likaThixo lithi: “Abahenyuzi . . . nabakrexezi . . . namadoda alala namadoda [okanye namakhwenkwe] . . . abayi kubudla ilifa ubukumkani bukaThixo.” (1 Korinte 6:9, 10) Longezelela lisithi “abo balizothe ngenxa yobunyhukunyhuku babo . . . nabahenyuzi” baya kufumana “ukufa kwesibini”—intshabalalo kanaphakade.—ISityhilelo 21:8.

UThixo uya kuwucoca umhlaba aze aqalise inkqubo yezinto entsha yobulungisa ngokupheleleyo, “amazulu amatsha nomhlaba omtsha.” (2 Petros 3:13) Kuya kwandula ke, kwelo hlabathi litsha alenzileyo, bangaphindi abantu abonakeleyo, nabagqwethekileyo baxhaphaze abantu abamsulwa. Yaye abantu abamsulwa abasayi kuphinda boyike ukuxhatshazwa, kuba ‘akusayi kubakho uboyikisayo.’—Mika 4:4.

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 28]

“Olona lwaphulo-mthetho lubulwanyanarha nolwenyanyeka ngeyona ndlela.”—Inkulumbuso yaseSweden

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 29]

“Veki nganye, amadoda azizigidi ezili-10 ukusa kwezili-12 atyelela oonongogo abaselula.”—The Economist, London

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 30]

Ukhenketho lwesini lungunobangela oyintloko wokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kumazwe asakhasayo

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 29]

Yintoni Ebangela Kubekho Abantu Abakukhenketho Lwesini?

(Ezinye zezizathu ezibangela abakhenkethi babe neentlobano zesini nabantwana)

(1) Ukungaziwa kwalowo ukukhenketho kuyamkhulula kwimiqathango engokwentlalo yasekhaya

(2) Ngenxa yokungalwazi kakuhle okanye ukungalwazi kwaphela ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni, abakhenkethi basenokukhohliswa ngokulula bakholelwe ukuba ukuhlawulela ukuba neentlobano zesini nomntwana kuvumelekile okanye yindlela yokunceda abantwana kubuhlwempu

(3) Ubuhlanga benza abakhenkethi babaxhaphaze abo babagqala bekumgangatho ophantsi

(4) Abakhenkethi bavakalelwa kukuba bazizityebi xa kulula kubo ukuba babe neentlobano zesini kumazwe asakhasayo

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 31]

Ubungakanani Bale Ngxaki Ehlabathini Lonke

(Okulandelayo luqikelelo lwamagosa awahlukahlukeneyo karhulumente neminye imibutho)

EBrazil: Ubuncinane ngabantwana abangama-250 000 abangoonongogo

EColombia: Inani labantwana abaxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwizitrato zaseBogotá liye landa ngokuphindwe kahlanu kwiminyaka esixhenxe edluleyo

EIndiya: Abantwana abangama-400 000 babandakanyeke kushishino lwesini

EKhanada: Amawaka amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo enziwa oonongogo ngamaqela alungelelanisiweyo afunela amahenyukazi amadoda

EMozambique: Imibutho enikela uncedo iye yamangalela amajoni oxolo eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngokuxhaphaza abantwana ngokwesini

EMpuma Yurophu: Kukho abantwana abali-100000 abahlala esitratweni. Abaninzi bathunyelwa kwizindlu zoonongogo eNtshona Yurophu

EMyanmar: Amantombazana namabhinqa ali-10000 athuthelwa kwizindlu zoonongogo eThailand nyaka ngamnye

KwiiPhilippines: Abantwana abangama-40 000 babandakanyekile

ESri Lanka: Abantwana abali-10 000 abakubudala beminyaka emi-6 ukusa kweli-14 bangamakhoboka kwizindlu zoonongogo yaye abangama-5000 abakubudala beminyaka eli-10 ukusa kweli-18 bayazisebenzela kwiindawo zabakhenkethi

ETaiwan: Abantwana abangama-30 000 babandakanyekile

EThailand: Abantwana abangama-300 000 babandakanyekile

ETshayina: Basusela kuma-200 000 ukusa kuma-500 000 abantwana abangoonongogo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amantombazana anokuba ngama-5000 aseTshayina aye alukuhlelwa ekubeni awele umda aze athengiswe njengoonongogo eMyanmar

EUnited States: Imithombo yaseburhulumenteni ithetha ngabantwana abangaphezu kwe-100 000 ababandakanyekileyo