Iliso Ejongwa Ngalo Le Nyewe Kumgangatho Wama-29

XA UPHUMA kwisinyusi uze ungene kumgangatho wama-29 wesakhiwo seZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kwisiXeko saseNew York, kukho umqondiso omncinane oluhlaza ngebala okhomb’ indlela eya kwiOfisi yoMphathiswa Oyintloko Wamalungelo Abantu (OHCHR [Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]). Le ofisi yezonxibelelwano imela ikomkhulu leOHCHR eGeneva, eSwitzerland—eliziko lokuqwalaselwa kwamalungelo abantu ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Ngoxa uMary Robinson uMphathiswa Oyintloko Wamalungelo Abantu, eyingqanga neentsiba zayo kwiOHCHR eGeneva, uElsa Stamatopoulou, ozalelwe eGrisi, ungugayi-gayi ekwanguye notshotsh’ entla kwiofisi eseNew York. Kaloku bekusebutsheni balo nyaka xa uNksk. Stamatopoulou ethe wamkela ngobubele umbhali kaVukani! ibe baye bakhangel’ emva kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yokumiselwa kwamalungelo abantu. Nazi ezinye izicatshulwa zolo dliwano-ndlebe.

UMBUZO: Yiyiphi inkqubela ocinga ukuba sele yenziwe ekumeleni amalungelo abantu?

IMPENDULO: Ndiza kukunika imizekelo nje emithathu yenkqubela esele yenziwe: Okokuqala, kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo, amalungelo abantu ayeyindaba yakwamkhozi nakweliphi na ilizwe; kodwa namhlanje akukho ndawo angekho kuyo ibe ayasebenza. Oorhulumente ababengazi nowathwethwa ngamalungelo abantu kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo xa kungoku asoloko eyinto esemilonyeni yabo. Okwesibini, ngoku sele sinomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, okanye incwadi yomthetho, enemigaqo eliqela ebhalwe phantsi nexelela oorhulumente ngezinto abanembopheleleko yokuzenzela abantu abakumazwe abo. [Bona ibhokisi ethi “Uxwebhu Lwamalungelo Abantu Behlabathi Lonke,” ekwiphepha 7.] Kwaqengqeleka iminyaka emininzi sibila sisoma siqulunqa lo mthetho. Kungoko ke sizigobh’ amacala ngawo. Umzekelo wesithathu ngowokuba bayinkungu nelanga abantu abakumzabalazo wokuba kuhlonelwe amalungelo abantu nabakwaziyo ukucikoza bebetha kom’ amathe ngemibandela ephathelele amalungelo abantu, nto leyo engazange ibekho nanini na ngaphambili.

UMBUZO: Khange kubekho miqobo?

IMPENDULO: Emva kokusebenza iminyaka eli-17 kwinkqubo yamalungelo abantu yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, lindicacele elokuba sijamelene neentsilikihla zeengxaki. Eyona ngathi ithand’ ukuba nobuzaza yile yokuba oorhulumente basoloko bewajonga amalungelo abantu njengokupolitika kunokuba bakujonge njengombandela obandakanya intlalo-ntle yoluntu. Basenokungafuni ukwenza izivumelwano ezibandakanya amalungelo abantu bevakalelwa kukuba kuphazanyiswana namalungelo abo ezobupolitika. Phantsi kwezo meko ke, izivumelwano ezinxulumene namalungelo abantu sele zifana nje nombel’ ofileyo. Eny’ into eye yasibuyisel’ umva yile yokoyiswa kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kukuthintela ukuphazanyiswa ngokugqith’ emgceni kwamalungelo abantu kwindawo ezifana nelizwe elalisakuba yiYugoslavia, iRwanda ibe kutshanje neAlgeria. Kaloku into yokoyiswa kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukuthintela inyhikatyhawe yokubulawa kwabantu ngokumanyumnyezi kula mazwe yaba kukuwa nganeno ngendlel’ aph’ elihlazo. Zikho iindlela ezithile zokwenza amalungelo abantu ahlonelwe kodwa zifuna umntu oza kuzisebenzisa. Iya kuba ngumnta’ kabani ke lowo? Ukuba izinto ziwahambela kakuhle amazwe anamandla okukhusela amalungelo abantu, abezobupolitika abazikhathazi ngokusong’ imikhono bathintele ukuphazanyiswa kwamalungelo abantu.

UMBUZO: Ucinga ukuba kuya kuba njani kwixesha elizayo?

IMPENDULO: Ndicinga ukuba kungahle kubekho ingozi, ndiphinde ndibe nethenjana lokuba kuya kuze kwenzeke ahlonelwe amalungelo omntu wonke. Eyona nto ifika indixhoxh’ igila yile yokudityaniswa kwezoqoqosho zehlabathi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amashishini amakhulu aye kuzinyhala kumazwe anabasebenzi abahlawulwa imali encinane. Ukuba phofu iyimfuneko loo nto, xa kungoku oorhulumente siza kubabek’ ityala ngokuphazamisana namalungelo abantu size sibaleqe ngasemva. Kodwa ngoku siza kuthi whaa bani xa izivumelwano ezenziwa ngabezorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi ngokuthe ngcembe zibahlutha igunya oorhulumente zize zilinike izikhwakhwa zezoqoqosho ezisehlabathini? Ekubeni singenakukwazi ukuthabath’ iintambo silawule ezi zikhwakhwa zezoqoqosho, imibutho yoorhulumente efana neZizwe Ezimanyeneyo iba ngathi yinja le ekhutshw’ amazinyo. Lo mkhuna ke uyingozi kumalungelo abantu. Ngoku eyona nto seyiphambili kukuba amashishini azimeleyo nawo angen’ endleleni athi phezulu ngokuhlonelwa kwamalungelo abantu.

UMBUZO: Ukhe wathi kukho thenjana, ungakhe usithele thsuphe ngalo?

IMPENDULO: Kukutshintshwa kwamalungelo abantu abe sisithethe. Ndizam’ ukuthi sifanele sithi chatha ukufundisa abantu ngamalungelo abo. Kakade ke, loo nto ayizi kufana nokudlala undize, kuba iquka ukutshintshwa kwendlela abacinga ngayo abantu. Yiloo nto kanye, eyathi kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, yaqhubela iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukuba ziseke iphulo likawonke wonke ehlabathini lonke ukuze zifundise abantu ngamalungelo ziphinde ke zifundise namazwe ngembopheleleko yawo. Ngaphezu kwaleyo, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziye zabekela bucala unyaka we-1995 ukuya kuma ngowama-2004 “njengeShumi Leminyaka Lokufundisa Abantu Ngamalungelo Abo.” Sinethemba ke lokuba, le mfundiso iya kuzitshintsha iingqondo neentliziyo zabantu. Le nto isenokuba ngathi yiVangeli nje, kodwa xa kuthethwa ngokufundiswa kwabantu amalungelo abo, ndilikholwa lokwenene. Ndiyathemba ukuba ihlabathi liya kuwamkela amalungelo abantu njengenye yeengcamango zalo kwinkulungwane elandelayo.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 7]

Uxwebhu Lwamalungelo Abantu Behlabathi Lonke

Ngaphandle kweSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu kukho noXwebhu Lwamalungelo Abantu Behlabathi Lonke. Zihlobene njani ezi zinto?

Kaloku, ukuba olu Xwebhu Lwamalungelo Abantu Behlabathi Lonke ubuza kulufanisa nencwadi enezahluko ezihlanu, iSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke sinokufaniswa nesahluko 1 sayo. UMnqophiso Wezizwe Ngezizwe Wamalungelo Asentlalweni Nawezobupolitika noMnqophiso Wezizwe Ngezizwe Wamalungelo Ezoqoqosho, Asekuhlaleni Nawenkcubeko ibe sisahluko 2 nesesi-3. Uze ke uMthetho Wabucala ube sisahluko 4 nesesi-5.

Ngoxa kucingwa ukuba iSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke sinemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, sixelela amazwe oko afanele akwenze, la wona amaxwebhu mane ongezelelekileyo ayabophelela ngokomthetho, exelela amazwe oko amele akwenze. Ngoxa ukuqulunqwa kwala maxwebhu kwaqalisa ngowe-1949, kwathabatha amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba onke asebenze. Namhlanje, la maxwebhu mane edibene neSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke abumba uXwebhu Lwezizwe Ngezizwe Lwamalungelo Abantu.

Ngaphandle kolu Xwebhu Lwezizwe Ngezizwe, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziye zatyikitya ezinye izivumelwano ezingaphezu kwama-80 eziphathelele amalungelo abantu. Kaloku eny’ imbalarha ekhanyiselweyo kwimibandela yamalungelo abantu ithi yona xa ihlomla: “Ngoko uya kuba uyaphazama ngokucinga ukuba izivumelwano eziphathelele amalungelo abantu ezikuXwebhu Lwezizwe Ngezizwe zezona zibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iNkomfa Yamalungelo Omntwana Yowe-1990 lolona xwebhu lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo olwamkelwa ngamazwe amaninzi yaye lulolona lufumaneka ehlabathini lonke, kodwa alukabi yonxalenye yoXwebhu Lwehlabathi Lonke. Ibinzana elithi ‘uXwebhu Lwamalungelo Abantu Lwehlabathi Lonke’ lalenzelwe ukwazisa olu xwebhu kuwonke wonke kunokuba lube yindaba yakwamkhozi. Ibe, nawe uya kundivumela xa ndisithi lona libinzana elibangel’ umdla.”a

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

UElsa Stamatopoulou

[Inkcazelo]

UN/DPI photo by J. Isaac