Iinkcukacha Nobungozi—Beanorexia Nebulimia

“Nantoni na elinganiswa ngeekhalori [ii-kilojoules] okanye ngeegram ayinakuze ifike kubunzima obuthiwa zinzi kukutya kwindlela esivakalelwa ngayo.”—UJanet Greeson, ongumbhali.

KALOKU ianorexia nebulimia ziingxaki ezimbini zokutya ebekusoloko kukhalwa ngazo. Nganye kuzo ifana yodwa. Kodwa ke, njengokuba siza kubona, zombini zinokuba yingozi—de zibulale.

Ianorexia—Ukuzohlwaya Ngenxele LikaKhetsekile

Abantu ababhuqwa yianorexia, badla ngokungafuni kutya okanye bathi caphu caphu loo ntwana yokutya basale ke ngoku bengamayasuyaswana nje angondlekanga. Cinga nje ngoAntoinette oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, othi wakha wehla waya kutsho kwiikhilogram ezingama-37—wayebhitye nyhani hayi nje, xa ucinga ukuba wayekwishumi elivisayo yaye emde kangangeemitha ezisisi-1,7. Uthi: “Ukutya endandikutya kwakungadluli kwiikhalori ezingama-250 [ii-kilojoules ezili-1 047] ngosuku ibe ndandizibhala phantsi izinto endizityayo.”

Abantu ababhuqwa yianorexia bahleli nje bacinga ngokutya, ibe benza imikhutyan’ aph’ ebaxiweyo ngelokuzama ukuphepha ukutyeba. Uth’ uHeather: “Ndangenwa yintw’ entsha yokutshicela ukutya kwilaphu lokusula ndisenza ngathi ndisul’ umlomo.” USusan wayeziqoba ngomthambo esithi akafuni kutyeba. Uthi: “Phantse mihla le, ndandibaleka iimayile ezisibhozo [iikhilomitha ezili-12] okanye ndichithe iyure yonke ndiqubha, okanye ndixhalabe ndize ndizive ndinetyala xa ndingaphumelelanga. Ibe ntsasa nganye eyona nto yayindichwayitisa, nditsho mna eyona nto eyayindishiya ndivuy’ okomntwana, kukuya kuzijonga esikalini ndize ndifike ndingaphantsi lee kweeponti ezili-100 [iikhilogram ezingama-45].”

Eyona nto ifik’ ibe sisimanga yile yokuba, abanye abantu ababhuqwa yianorexia abapheki kaloku bahamba bodwa ibe wofika benunusa abantu ngokutya okumuncis’ iintupha kodwa bona soze ubabone besitya. Uthi uAntoinette: “Ngethuba esi sigulo sasisandikhasisa ngamadolo, ubukhulu becala kwakupheka mna ekhaya, ibe ndandidla ngokwenzela umntakwethu nodadewethu abandalekelayo imiphakwan’ aph’ edla ngokusongelwa ngamaphepha. Ndandingafuni nokubabona besondela kwisikhenkcisi. Ikhitshi ndandiliv’ aph’ ezandleni lisithi mna.”

Incwadi ethi A Parent’s Guide to Anorexia and Bulimia ithi abanye abantu ababhuqwa yianorexia “baba ngala angahlalwa mpukane amahomba ibe basenokufuna yonke intsapho icoceke ngendlela engaphaya kwengqondo. Akukho mntu unokufane aphazame ashiye iphephancwadi okanye iimbadada okanye ikomityi yekofu kwanomzuzwana nje. Basenokuyithanda de bagqithise impilo nenkangeleko, bechitha ixesha elininzi bezitshixele kwigumbi lokuhlambela kungekho mntu unokungena apho ukuze alungiselele ukuya esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.”

Phofu yintoni ke ingcambu yalo Nongqawuse uyianorexia? Kudla ngokwenzeka le nto ke, umntu okwishumi elivisayo okanye oselula—ngakumbi ibhinqa—uye azimisele ukuba ufuna ukuphungula iikhilogram ezithile. Kodwa udla ngokunganeliseki naxa sele elufikelele olo sukelo. Uthi akuzijonga esipilini, azibon’ ukutyeba, abe sel’ esenza isigqibo sokuba ukuze kube bhetele kufuneka athi gabhu ezinye iikhilogram. Uyaqhuba ke lo mjikelo de loo mntu ehle kangange-15 ekhulwini okanye nangaphezulu kobunzima obuqhelekileyo nobufanele ubude bakhe.

Kuthi kusakuba njalo ke izihlobo nentsapho yalo uselula zibethelwe ngumbilini kuba ngoku uba yinkobo-nkobo nje eboqokileyo. Kodwa usoanorexia lo akayiboni yonke loo nto yena. Omnye umfana onguAlan obhuqwa yianorexia, obude buziimitha ezisisi-1,75 nowakha wehla waya kutsho kwiikhilogram ezingama-33 uthi: “Ndandingayiboni into yokuba ndibubugoxo bamathambo ukubhity’ oku.” Uthi: “Njengoko ubhitya, ingqondo le yakho iyajijeka ungaboni nto ityhulu kuloo nto.”a

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ianorexia inokukuphos’ ekhukweni ngamandla, uhambe ube neosteoporosis konakale nezintso. Ingakuphosa nasengcwabeni. Uthi uHeather: “Ugqirha wam wandixelela ukuba zininzi izondlo endizibandeze zona kangangokuba ukuba bendinokuqhubeka ezinye iinyanga ezimbini ndisitya ngale ndlela bendiya kufa fi kukungondleki.” IThe Harvard Mental Health Letter ithi kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, malunga nesi-5 ekhulwini samabhinqa afunyaniswe ebhuqwa yianorexia ayafa.

Ibulimia—Ukubhukuxa Uphinde Ugabhe

Kuye kuthiwe umntu unebulimia nervosa xa ebhukuxa (ephanga, ezingxala ngokutya okumalunga neekilojoules ezingama-21 000 nangaphezulu) aphinde agabhe (ecoca isisu, ngokuhlanza okanye ngokusebenzisa iipilisi zokuhambisa).b

Ngokwahlukileyo kwianorexia, ibulimia soze ufane uyiqonde. Umntu onesi sigulo usenokungabhityi abe bubugoxo bamathambo ibe kusenokubonakala ngathi utya ngendlela eqhelekileyo—phofu ke emehlweni abany’ abantu. Kodwa umntu onebulimia uyeva ukuba ikho le nto ingathanga ncam. Xa sitheth’ inyani, ehleli nje uba ngathi uyaqala ukukubona ukutya. UMelinda oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala uthi: “Njengoko ndandibhukuxa ndide ndigabhe, ndandingaboni eny’ into ebhetele ndingabazi nabantu. Ukonwaba nabahlobo kwakuyinto nje engenamsebenzi kum.”

UGeneen Roth, ongumbhali phofu ekwanguye nomfundisi-ntsapho kwicandelo lezigulo ezibangelwa kukutya ngendlela engaqhelekanga, uthi ukubhukuxa oku “yimizuzu engamashumi amathathu yempambano, nokuvula nje zibhuqe.” Uthi xa ubhukuxa “akukhathalele nto—abahlobo, intsapho yakowenu . . . Akukho nto nje ibhetele ngathi kukutya.” ULydia oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala naye onale ngxaki unendlela nje yakhe ecacileyo yokuyichaza le meko. Uthi: “Ndiba ngathi ndisisixhobo sokuqokelela inkunkuma. Ndiyakuthatha, ndikwenze imicu, ndikuphose phakathi kuphinde kuphume. Iya kuba nguloo cumbelele ke de ndiye kugqiba.”

Umntu onebulimia uya kufika ebil’ esoma ezama ukuba angatyebi ngenxa yale ndlela yakhe yokutya ngathi unegronya. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ebhukuxile, uya kumbona ke unkabi ezihlanzisa okanye esebenzisa iipilisi zokuhambisa ngelokuzama ukunqanda oko kutya kungajikwa ngumzimba kube ngamafutha.c Nangona le nto isenokukwenyanyisa, umntu osele enethuba eyihamba le ndlela akayiboni yonke loo nto yena. UNancy Kolodny ongunontlalontle uthi yena: “Njengoko ubhukuxa uze ugabhe noko uziva bhetele. Nokuba mhlawumbi ekuqaleni ungenyanya okanye woyike, ikhawulez’ iphele loo nto ikungene ngamandla imikhwa ye-bulimia.”

Ibulimia le ikukufa kufunjiwe. Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yokuqhubeka uzigabhisa, umlomo lo uba sengozini yeeasidi eziyingozi, ezinokuyinqunqa ziyigqibe tu ienamel yamazinyo omntu onebulimia. Inokonakalisa ummizo, isibindi, imiphunga nentliziyo yomntu onesi sigulo. Xa izinto sezithande ukuba nzima nyhani, ukuhlanza kunokusidlakaza isisu kuze kukubulale fi. Eny’ into enokuba yingozi kukuzisebenzisa ngendlela engaphaya kwengqondo iipilisi zokuhambisa. Kunokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwesisu ibe kwakhona kusenokubangela umntu arhude intw’ engapheliyo yaye ophe nondonci. Kanye njengokuhlanz’ ungayeki, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweepilisi zokuhambisa, xa sekunzim’ apha kungakubulala fi.

INational Institute of Mental Health ithi, indlela ezenz’ unothanda ngayo iingxaki zokutya ithande ukuxhomis’ amehlo. Yintoni enokubangela ibhinqa eliselula lidlalele emlonyeni wengcwaba ngokuzohlwaya ngenxele likaKhetsekile? Omnye lo yena ungenwe yintoni le imenza angaziva ngokutya de abhukuxe aze acinge gqitha ngomzimba wakhe kangangokuba ade acinge ukuba kunyanzelekile ukugabha ukutya akutyileyo? Le mibuzo iza kukhe ihliw’ amahlongwane kwinqaku elilandelayo.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]