Indlela Iziyobisi Ezingekho Mthethweni Ezibuchaphazela Ngayo Ubomi Bakho

KANYE njengokubola okugqiba iintsika zomthi zendlu, iziyobisi zinokulivuthulula ibutho labantu. Ukuze izinto zihambe kakuhle kwibutho labantu, kumele kubekho iintsapho ezizinzileyo, abasebenzi abasempilweni, oorhulumente abathembekileyo, amapolisa anyanisekileyo, nabemi abathobela umthetho. Iziyobisi zonakalisa nganye kwezi ntsika zebutho labantu.

Esinye isizathu sokuba oorhulumente baphelise ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingezizo ezonyango ngumonakalo eziwenzayo kwimpilo yabemi babo. Nyaka ngamnye amawakawaka abo bakhotyokiswe ziziyobisi abulawa kukuzitya ngaphezu komlinganiselo. Abaninzi ngakumbi babulawa nguGawulayo. Enyanisweni, abangama-22 ekhulwini kwabanentsholongwane iHIV ehlabathini ngabasebenzisa iziyobisi abaye bazihlaba ngeenaliti ezinesi sifo. Kungeso sizathu le nto kwinkomfa yakutshanje yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, uNasser Bin Hamad Al-Khalifa, waseQatar, walumkisa ngelokuba “ihlabathi sele liza kuba lingcwaba lezigidi zabantu ngenxa yokuthengiswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.”

Kodwa kukho enye into engaphezu kwempilo yomntu echaphazelekayo. Malunga ne-10 ekhulwini lazo zonke iintsana ezizalelwa eUnited States zichanabeka kwisiyobisi esingekho mthethweni—ubukhulu becala kwicocaine—ngoxa zisesesibelekweni. Ababi nazintlungu ezibangelwa ziziyobisi nje kuphela, kuba iziyobisi ezingena esibelekweni zisenokuba nezinye iingozi kwezi mveku—ezichaphazela ingqondo nomzimba.

Imali Yeziyobisi Efumaneka Lula—Umgibe Ongaphephekiyo

Ngaba uziva ukhuselekile kwindawo ohlala kuyo emva kokuba kurhatyele? Ukuba akunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba loo nto ibangelwa ngabathengisi beziyobisi. Ukuphanga nogonyamelo lwasesitratweni zizinto ezihambisana neziyobisi. Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi basoloko bebhenela kulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ubunongogo ukuze baxhase lo mkhwa wabo, ngoxa amaqela angevaniyo esilwa aze abulalane ukuze aqhubeke elawula ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi. Kuyaqondakala ukuba, amapolisa kwizixeko ezininzi azijonga iziyobisi njengonobangela wokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi aphanda ngako.

Kwamanye amazwe, baye baqalisa ukungena ngenkani kurhwebo lweziyobisi. Ngoku elinye iqela elikhulu labanqolobi kuMzantsi Merika lifumana isiqingatha sengeniso yalo ekukhuseleni abo bathengisa iziyobisi. IUnited Nations International Drug Control Programme inikela le ngxelo: “Imali efumaneka ekuthengiseni iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ixhasa ezona mfazwe zonqulo nezobuhlanga ezimanyumnyezi.”

Intlekele Eyenzeka Ngoxa Bekhotyokisiwe

Abo basebenzisa iziyobisi benza izitrato zingakhuseleki ngezinye iindlela. UMichael Kronenwetter uthi kwincwadi yakhe ethi Drugs in America: “Ukuqhuba inqwelo-mafutha emva kokutshaya intsangu okanye iLSD kuyingozi kanye njengokuba kunjalo ukuqhuba uphantsi kweempembelelo zotywala.” Akumangalisi ukuba, abo basebenzisa iziyobisi basengozini ngokuphindwe kathathu okanye kane yokufumana ingozi emsebenzini.

Noko ke, mhlawumbi eyona ndawo iziyobisi ezenza umonakalo ongakumbi kuyo kusekhaya. IWorld Drug Report ithi: “Ukungavisisani kweentsapho nokusebenzisa iziyobisi kusoloko kuhamba kunye.” Abazali abaphazanyiswa kukufuna iziyobisi kunqabile ukuba baphile nabantwana babo ubomi bentsapho obonwabileyo. Ulwalamano oluphakathi komzali nomntwana—olubalulekileyo kwiiveki zokuqala zomntwana—lusenokungabikho. Ukongezelela, abazali abakhotyokisiweyo badla ngokuba sematyaleni ibe basenokubela izihlobo neentsapho zabo okanye basenokuphela bephulukana nemisebenzi yabo. Abantwana abaninzi abakhulela kule meko baphelela ezitratweni okanye nabo bade basebenzise iziyobisi.

Ukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi kusenokubangela umntu axhaphaze—iqabane okanye abantwana bakhe. Icocaine, ingakumbi xa idityaniswe notywala inokwenza umntu ozolileyo abe nogonyamelo. Olunye uhlolisiso olwenziwa eKhanada kwabo basebenzisa icocaine lwabonisa ukuba i-17 ekhulwini labo babuzwayo labonisa ukuba lalisiba ndlongondlongo emva kokusebenzisa esi siyobisi. Ngokufanayo, enye ingxelo eyenziwayo yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kwiSixeko saseNew York yabonisa ukuba ama-73 ekhulwini abantwana ababethelwa ukubulawa ayenabazali abasebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi.

Ziyonakalisa Yaye Ziyasulela

Ukuba ikhaya linokonakaliswa ziziyobisi, kunjalo ke nangoorhulumente. Kule meko yimali yeziyobisi, kungekhona iziyobisi, eyonakalisa inkqubo karhulumente. Unozakuzaku osuka kwelinye ilizwe loMzantsi Merika wakhala ngelithi: “Iziyobisi ziye zonakalisa amagosa karhulumente, amapolisa nomkhosi.” Wongezelela ngelithi le mali ilula ukufumaneka “isisihendo esigqithileyo” kwabo kunzima ngabo ukufumana imali yokuphila.

Kumazwe ngamazwe, iijaji, oosibonda bedolophu, amapolisa kwanamagosa alwa nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, aye abanjwa ekumaqela aqhathayo. Abezobupolitika ekuye ukunyulwa kwabo kwaxhaswa yimali yeziyobisi abazikhathazi xa kuhlatyw’ ikhwelo lokuba kupheliswe ukuthengiswa okungekho mthethweni kweziyobisi. Amagosa amaninzi anyanisekileyo aye ngenkalipho alwa nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi aye abulawa.

Kwanomhlaba, amahlathi nezinto eziphila kuwo zithwaxwa yile ngxaki yeziyobisi isehlabathini lonke. Iopium necocaine eninzi ziveliswa kakhulu kwimimandla emibini esesichengeni sokonakaliswa kwemeko-bume: amahlathi ashinyeneyo akwintshona yeAmazon nalawo akumzantsi Mpuma Asia. Ziye zonakaliswa gqitha ezi ndawo. Kwanemigudu encomekayo yokutshabalalisa imbewu yeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni yenza umonakalo omkhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwemichiza enetyhefu yokubulala ukhula.

Ngubani Ohlawulayo?

Ngubani ohlawula wonke umonakalo owenziwa ziziyobisi? Sithi sonke. Ewe sihlawula ukutshatyalaliswa kwemveliso, iindleko zonyango lwezamayeza, izinto ezibiweyo okanye iindawo ezonakalisiweyo neendleko zokumiselwa komthetho. Ubalo olwenziwa kwingxelo yeSebe Lezemisebenzi eUnited States lwabonisa ukuba “ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi emisebenzini kunokudla ezoshishino nemizi-mveliso yaseMerika phakathi kwee-$75 zamawaka ezigidi nee-$100 zamawaka ezigidi [ii-R450 zamawaka ezigidi nee-R600 zamawaka ezigidi] nyaka ngamnye . . . ngenxa yokungabikho emsebenzini, iingozi neendleko eziphezulu zezonyango neendleko zokubuyiselwa imali.”

Ekugqibeleni yonke le mali ifunyanwa kubahlawuli beerhafu nakubathengi. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa eJamani ngowe-1995 lwabonisa ukuba iindleko zonyaka wonke zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kwelo lizwe zii-R720 kummi ngamnye. EUnited States, olunye uqikelelo lwabonisa ukuba apho elo nani lithe kratya—zii-$300 (R1 800) kumntu ngamnye.

Noko ke, ezona ndleko zide zangaphezulu ngumonakalo owenziwa ziziyobisi kuluntu ngokubanzi. Zingakanani iindleko zokwahlukana kweentsapho ezininzi, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana abaninzi kangaka, ukonakala kwamagosa amaninzi kangaka, nokufa ngaphambi kwexesha kwabantu abaninzi kangaka? Ithetha ntoni le nto kuluntu? Inqaku elilandelayo liza kukhe lihlolisise indlela iziyobisi ezibuchaphazela ngayo ubomi babo bazisebenzisayo.

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

IZIYOBISI NOLWAPHULO-MTHETHO

IZIYOBISI ZIYE ZANXULUNYANISWA NOLWAPHULO-MTHETHO UBUNCINANE NGEENDLELA EZINE:

1. Ukuba neziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni nokuzithengisa zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho phantse kulo naliphi na ilizwe emhlabeni. EUnited States kuphela, amapolisa abamba abantu abamalunga nesigidi nyaka ngamnye ngezityholo ezinxulumene neziyobisi. Kwamanye amazwe inkqubo yezobulungisa irhuqiswa phantsi ngamatyala anxulumene neziyobisi kangangokuba amapolisa neenkundla kunzima ukuwasingatha.

2. Ekubeni iziyobisi zixabisa imali eninzi, amakhoboka azo asoloko ebhenela kulwaphulo-mthetho ukuze axhase umkhwa wawo. Ikhoboka lecocaine kusenokufuneka libe nee-R6 000 ngeveki ukuze likwazi ukuhlawulela esi siyobisi! Akumangalisi ukuba, ukuqhekeza, ukuphanga nobunongogo banda ngokukhawuleza xa abantu besebenzisa iziyobisi.

3. Olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa ngenjongo yokuqhubela phambili ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi, shishini elo eliphakathi kwawona anengeniso emhlabeni. IWorld Drug Report ithi: “Ukuthengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni kweziyobisi nolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo ngandlel’ ithile zihamba indlela enye.” Ukuze kube lula ukuthutha iziyobisi kwiindawo ngeendawo, abathengisi bazo bazama ukuqhatha okanye bagrogrise amagosa aseburhulumenteni. Abanye banemikhosi yabo engaziwayo. Kwakhona intywenka yemali eyenziwa ngabo bashishina ngeziyobisi ibangela iingxaki. Imali eninzi abayenzayo inokubabambisa ukuba ibisenziwa icace into yokuba ayikho mthethweni, kodwa basebenzisa iibhanki namagqwetha ukuba baqume le mali yenziwe ngamaqhinga.

4. Iziyobisi ngokwazo zinokukhokelela kulwaphulo-mthetho. Amalungu entsapho anokuxhatshazwa ngamakhoboka eziyobisi. Kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika athwaxwa ziimfazwe zobukhaya, izenzo ezimasikizi zolwaphulo-mthetho ziye zaphenjelelwa ngamajoni akwishumi elivisayo angamakhoboka eziyobisi.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

Usana lunokuchatshazelwa kukusebenzisa kukanina iziyobisi

[Inkcazelo]

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