Iziyobisi—Kutheni Abantu Bezisebenzisa Kakubi Nje?

“NDANDINEMINYAKA eli-13 ubudala, xa samenywa ngudadebomhlobo wam osenyongweni kwindlu yabo ngenye ingokuhlwa. Wonke umntu waqalisa ukutshaya umya. Ekuqaleni ndala, kodwa emva kokununuswa ngawo izihlandlo eziliqela, ndathi makhe ndizame.” Utsho njalo ke uMichael waseMzantsi Afrika, xa echaza indlela awaqala ngayo ukusebenzisa iziyobisi.

“Ndiphuma kwintsapho engqongqo nezinikele kakhulu kumculo weklasiki. Ndandidlala iokhestra, yaye enye yeemvumi yayidla ngokutshaya umya rhoqo ngexesha lekhefu. Yayidla ngokundinyanzela ngawo kangangesithuba seenyanga eziliqela. Ekugqibeleni ndathi makhe ndizame ndaza ndaqalisa ukuwusebenzisa rhoqo.” Waqala ngolo hlobo ke uDarren waseKhanada ukusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Bobabini aba baqhubeka nokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezinjengeLSD, iopium, nezo zinika amandla. Xa bekhangela emva ngoku, njengoko babesaya kusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi, bayavuma ukuba impembelelo yoontanga yeyona nto yabaqhubela ekusebenziseni kakubi iziyobisi. UMichael uthi: “Andizange ndiyicinge into yokuba ndakuze ndisebenzise iziyobisi, kodwa abo bantwana babekuphela kwabahlobo endandinabo yaye nam ndazeka mzekweni.”

Icala Lokuzonwabisa

Ingcinezelo yoontanga yiyo ubukhulu becala ebangela abaninzi baqalise ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, yaye ulutsha lusesichengeni. Ukongezelela, lukhangela imizekelo yabo lubalinganisayo kwezokuzonwabisa, abanempembelelo enamandla kwabo babathandayo.

Ezokuzonwabisa zidyojwe kakhulu kukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi. Abo baphambili emculweni badla ngokubandakanyeka gqitha ekusebenziseni kakubi iziyobisi. Nabadlali kwimifanekiso eshukumayo abayekanga ukusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Abo bonwabisa abanye banokwenza iziyobisi zibe nomtsalane kangangokuba ulutsha lungakwazi ukuzixhathisa. INewsweek yanikela le ngxelo ngowe-1996: “Izitrato zaseSeattle zizaliswe ngabantwana abayele ukusebenzisa i-heroin, ngenxa nje yokuba [imvumi yomculo we-rock] uCobain iyisebenzisa.”

Iziyobisi zifakwa umtsalane kumaphephancwadi, kwimifanekiso eshukumayo nakumabonwakude. Ngokufanayo, abanye abayili bempahla abadumileyo baye bakhetha ababonisi bempahla ababhityileyo nabangamathambo, belinganisa amakhoboka eziyobisi.

Kutheni Abanye Bekhotyokiswa Nje?

Kukho nezinye iinkalo eziliqela ezifak’ isandla ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. Phakathi kwezi zinto kukuphoxeka, ukudandatheka, nokungabi nanjongo ebomini. Izizathu ezingakumbi ziingxaki zezoqoqosho, ukungaqeshwa, nokuba nabazali abangengomzekelo.

Abanye abanengxaki yokunxulumana nabantu basebenzisa iziyobisi ukuze zibancede bakwazi ukujongana nabantu. Bakholelwa kwelokuba iziyobisi zibenza bazithembe, zize zibenze bazive bekrelekrele yaye bethandeka. Abanye bakufumanisa kulula ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kunokulawula ubomi babo.

Esinye isizathu esibangela ulutsha lusebenzise iziyobisi kukukruquka. Incwadi ethi The Romance of Risk—Why Teenagers Do the Things They Do ithi xa ithetha ngokukruquka nokungabi naliso kwabazali: “Amakhwenkwe namantombazana afika kungekho mntu emakhayeni. Akumangalisi ukuba abe ngamalolo, yaye akayifuni loo nto. Abuthelwa ngabahlobo, kodwa sekunjalo aqhubeke engamalolo. Babukela umabonwakude neevidiyo zomculo intw’ engapheliyo okanye babukele i-Internet nje ukuze baziyolise. Ukutshaya, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, nokusela kusenokungenelela ngokulula nje.”

UMichael, okhankanywe ngaphambilana, wathi ngokungabi naliso kwabazali bakhe ekhaya: “Intsapho yakowethu yayonwabile. Sasisondelelene ngendlela emangalisayo njengentsapho. Noko ke, abazali bam bobabini babephangela, yaye kwakungekho mntu wayesijongile ebudeni bemini. Kwakhona, abazali bethu babesinika inkululeko engenamda. Sasingaqeqeshwa. Abazali bam babengenalo nofifi lokuba ndandisebenzisa iziyobisi.”

Bathi bakuba ngamakhoboka, abaninzi baqhubeke besebenzisa iziyobisi ngenxa yesizathu esilula sokuba: Bayazinandipha. UMichael owayelala avuke ngeziyobisi, wathi ngento eziyenzayo: “Ndandingathi ndikwilizwe lamaphupha. Zazicinyiwe iintsizi zam. Kwakungekho nto indikhathazayo. Yonke nje into yayihamba kakuhle.”

Omnye owayesakusebenzisa iziyobisi eMzantsi Afrika, ogama linguDick uthi xa echaza into awayenziwa ngumya, xa waqalisa ukuwusebenzisa eneminyaka eli-13 ubudala: “Ndandihleka nasiphi na isiqhulo. Yonke nje into yayisonwabisa.”

Ukulumkisa ngengozi ebangelwa ziziyobisi akubonakali kuloyikisa ulutsha. Ludla ngokuzixelela ukuba “ayinakuze indehlele mna loo nto.” Incwadi ethi Talking With Your Teenager ichaza isizathu sokuba ulutsha lungazihoyi izilumkiso eziphathelele ukonakaliswa kwempilo yalo ziziyobisi: “Luyakwazi ukunyamezela yaye lunamandla, loo nto ke ilwenze lungayikholelwa into yokuba impilo yalo ingasesichengeni. Oku kuzixelela ukuba ‘lona alunakuchathwa’ kuxhaphakile kubantu beshumi elivisayo. Ulutsha lucinga ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga, ukungakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kotywala, ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi, zizinto ezehlela abantu abasele bekhulile, kungekhona lona.” Abaninzi abaziqondi ezi ngozi, nto leyo eboniswa kukuxhaphaka kodlamko olubangelwa ziziyobisi. Yintoni leyo?

Isiyobisi Esibangela Udlamko Namatheko Angalawulekiyo

Isiyobisi esineamphetamine iMDMA, esaziwa sibangela udlamko, sidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimidaniso yobusuku bonke edla ngokuba kumatheko angalawulekiyo. Abo bazithengisayo bakhuthaza ukuba xa usebenzisa iziyobisi ezibangela udlamko kuyindlela ekhuselekileyo yokuziva ungumntu, ufumane ke nebhaso lamandla okudanisa de kuse gede. Esi siyobisi sinceda abo badanisayo ukuba baqhubeke bedanisa kangangeeyure eziliqela de bafikelele kwinqanaba omnye umbhali alibiza “njengokumkelwa ‘ziingqondo.’” Omnye oselula wachaza indlela ekumnandi ngayo ukusebenzisa isiyobisi esibangela udlamko: “Siqala sitsho kamnandi ezinzwaneni, uzibone uzele uthando nomzimba ushushu, andisathethi ke ngentloko, ithi ndii kamnandi.”

Uhlolisiso lwengqondo lwabo basebenzisa esi siyobisi sibangela udlamko luye lwabonisa ukuba siyingozi ngokuchasene noko kuthethwa ngabo basithengisayo. Esi siyobisi kuyabonakala ukuba sonakalisa imicu yezivamvo size siphungule umchiza obizwa ngokuba yiserotonin. Umonakalo esiwenzayo awupheli. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela kwizigulo ezifana noxinezeleko nokuphelelwa yinkumbulo. Kuye kwanikelwa ingxelo yokubulawa kwabanye sesi siyobisi. Kanti abathengisi beziyobisi abaliqela baxuba isiyobisi esibangela udlamko neheroin ukuze bakhobokise abo bathenga kubo.

Kulula Kangakanani Ukuzifumana?

Kumazwe amaninzi iziyobisi zithengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi njengoko bebaninzi abathengisi. Ngomlinganiselo othile oku kubangelwa lutshintsho kwezobupolitika nakwezoqoqosho. Owona mzekelo woku nguMzantsi Afrika, apho utshintsho kwezobupolitika luye lwakhokelela kurhwebo notshintshiselwano namanye amazwe. Oku kwakunye nokungalawulwa kwemida kuye kwakhuthaza urhwebo lweziyobisi. Ngenxa yokwanda kokungaqeshwa, amawakawaka axhomekeke ekuthengiseni iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ukuze afumane ingeniso. Ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi nolwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo kudla ngokuba ngumtya nethunga. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yelinye iphephandaba, abantwana bezikolo zaseGauteng, eMzantsi Afrika—abanye baneminyaka eli-13 kuphela ubudala—bayaphandwa ngamapolisa ngenxa yokuthengisa iziyobisi. Izikolo ezininzi kuloo mmandla sele ziqalisile ukuthumela abafundi ukuba baye kuhlolwa ukuba abasebenzisi ziyobisi kusini na.

Uyintoni Oyena Nobangela?

Licacile elokuba zininzi izizathu zokuba abantu basebenzise kakubi iziyobisi. Kodwa zonke ezi ziimpawu zengxaki enzulu, oyena nobangela. Umbhali uBen Whitaker wakha wamthi rhithi: “Ukwanda okukhoyo kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kusisilumkiso sobuthathaka neempazamo kwibutho lethu, ngaphandle kobulolo nokuphelelwa lithemba: ukuba bekungenjalo kutheni inyambalala yabantu abanesiphiwo nabahambele phambili bekhetha ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngoku?”

Lowo ngumbuzo omhle, osenza siqonde ukuba ibutho labantu elithanda izinto eziphathekayo, nelisoloko lifuna ukuphumeza izinto liyasilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu ezingokweemvakalelo nezokomoya. Neenkonzo ezininzi zonqulo azikwazanga ukuzalisekisa ezo mfuno ngenxa yokuba ziye azamsa-so oyena nobangela weengxaki zabantu.

Kuza kufuneka sityhile loo nobangela ngaphambi kokuba sifumane ekuphela kwesicombululo esiya kuhlala sihleli kwingxaki yeziyobisi. Oko kuya kuqwalaselwa kwinqaku elilandelayo.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Maxa wambi ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuyahonjiswa ngabo badumileyo

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 7]

Umculo wakutshanje ugxojwe kukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 8]

Isiyobisi esibangela udlamko sidla ngokufumaneka kumatheko angalawulekiyo

[Inkcazelo]

AP Photo/Greg Smith

Gerald Nino/U.S. Customs