Impilo Esemgangathweni—Ngaba Kukho Utshintsho?
Zimbalwa izinto abantu abazikhathalele ngakumbi kunempilo. Maxa wambi, kubonakala ngathi zininzi izimvo ngaphezu koogqirha. Kunokuba athabathe amacala, ngolu ngcelele lwamanqaku uVukani! ufuna ukunikela ingxelo ngokwanda kokusetyenziswa konyango oluqhelekileyo olulolunye. Asikhuthazi naluphi na unyango lwempilo esiya kuxubusha ngalo okanye naluphi na olunye. Iindidi ezininzi zonyango azikhankanywa—ezinye zixhaphakile, ezinye kusoloko kuthethwa ngazo. Sikholelwa kwelokuba imfundo ephathelele imibandela yempilo iluncedo; izigqibo eziphathelele imibandela yempilo yinto yobuqu ngokupheleleyo.
WONKE umntu ufuna ukuba sempilweni. Kodwa impilo entle iphum’ ezandleni, njengoko loo nto ibonakala kubantu abaninzi abanezikhalazo zempilo. Kwabanye kubonakala ngathi baninzi abantu abagulayo namhlanje kunanini na ngaphambili.
Ukuze balwe nokugula, oogqirha abaninzi babhenela ubukhulu becala ekuncomeleni amayeza aveliswa aze abhengezwe ngamandla ziinkampani zamachiza. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukuthengiswa kwamayeza anjalo ehlabathini namhlanje kuye kwantinga kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kusuka kwiwaka lesigidi seerandi ngonyaka kwaya kutsho kumawaka ezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka. Iphumele entwenini loo nto?
Amayeza anconyelwe ngoogqirha aye anceda abantu abaninzi. Kodwa impilo yabo basebenzisa amayeza iye yahlala ndawonye okanye yamandundu ngakumbi. Ngoko, kutshanje abanye baphethukela ekusebenziseni ezinye iindlela zonyango lwezamayeza.
Apho Uninzi Luphethukela Khona
Kwiindawo apho amayeza akutshanje naqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kakhulu, ngoku uninzi luphethukela kunyango olulolunye okanye olokuncedisa. IConsumer Reports kaMeyi 2000 yathi: “UDonga lwaseBerlin ebekudala lwahlule phakathi unyango olulolunye nolo luqhelekileyo lubonakala lusiwa.”
IThe Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), kaNovemba 11, 1998, yathi: “Unyango lwezamayeza olulolunye, oludla ngokuchazwa njengoncedo olungafundiswa kwizikolo zoogqirha okanye olungekhoyo kwizibhedlele zaseUnited States, kuye kwathethwa ngalo kakhulu kumaziko eendaba amazwe ngamazwe, ngabezamayeza, amaziko oburhulumente naluluntu ngokubanzi.”
Noko ke, ithetha ngeembono ezikhoyo iJournal of Managed Care Pharmacy yathi ngowe-1997: “Ngaphambili oogqirha bomthonyama bebemathidala ukusebenzisa unyango olulolunye, kodwa izikolo zoogqirha ezingama-27 zaseUnited States [ingxelo yakutshanje ithi zingama-75] ngoku zinezifundo ezisecaleni ngonyango olulolunye, kuquka iHarvard, iUniversity of Arizona, neYale.”
IJAMA yathetha ngoko bakwenzayo abaguli abaninzi ngelokuzama ukuphucula impilo yabo. Yanikela le ngxelo: “Ngowe-1990, kuqikelelwa ukuba umntu om-1 (i-19,9%) kwaba-5 owayesiya kugqirha kuba egula kakhulu wayesebenzisa nonyango olulolunye. Ngowe-1997 lo mlinganiselo wenyuka wafikelela malunga nomntu om-1 (i-31,8%) kwaba-3.” Kwakhona eli nqaku lathi: “Uhlolisiso olwenziwa kumazwe angaphandle kweUnited States lubonisa ukuba unyango olulolunye luxhaphakile nakumazwe ahambele phambili ngokwezoqoqosho.”
Ngokutsho kweJAMA, umlinganiselo wabantu abasebenzisa unyango olulolunye kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 uli-15 ekhulwini eKhanada, ungama-33 ekhulwini eFinland, yaye ungama-49 ekhulwini eOstreliya. IJAMA yathi, “Indlela olufuneka ngamandla ngayo unyango olulolunye iyaphawuleka.” Oku kunjalo ingakumbi ngenxa yesibakala sokuba unyango olulolunye alufane luqukwe kwi-inshorensi. Ngoko inqaku leJAMA laqukumbela ngelithi: “Ukuba luyasetyenziswa ngoku i-inshorensi iya kuwaxhasa kwikamva.”
Esi simbo sokusebenzisa unyango olulolunye kunye noluqhelekileyo kudala sisetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi. UGqr. Peter Fisher weRoyal London Homeopathic Hospital, wathi ezona ntlobo ziphambili zonyango olulolunye ziye zaba “lunyango oluqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi.” Wathi, “Ngoku akusekho ndidi zimbini zonyango, oluqhelekileyo nolulolunye. Kukho kuphela unyango olulungileyo nolungalunganga.”
Ngenxa yoko iingcali ezininzi zezamayeza namhlanje zibona ukuxabiseka konyango oluqhelekileyo nolulolunye. Kunokuba zinyanzele umguli ukuba amkele uhlobo oluthile lonyango okanye olunye, zincomela ukuba basebenzise naluphi na unyango olubonakala lusebenza kumguli kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango olukhoyo.
Ziziphi iindlela zokusebenzisa unyango olulolunye okanye olwahlukileyo? Zavela nini yaye phi ezinye zezi ndidi? Yaye kutheni bebaninzi kangaka abantu abazisebenzisayo?