Uhlaselo LweSoviet Kunqulo
IUNION of Soviet Socialist Republics yasekwa ngowe-1922, ngelo xesha ke iRashiya iyeyona inkulu neyona idumileyo kwiiriphabliki zayo ezine. Ekugqibeleni yaxanda iquka iiriphabliki ezili-15 nesahlulo esimalunga nesithandathu somhlaba. Kodwa ngowe-1991 iSoviet Union yaphela ngequbuliso.a Kuyabonakala ukuba, yaba liLizwe lokuqala elazama ukucima ukukholelwa kwabantu kuThixo.
UVladimir Lenin, inkokeli yokuqala yeSoviet Union, wayengumfundi kaKarl Marx, owathi ubuKristu sisixhobo sengcinezelo. UMarx walubiza unqulo ngokuba “sisiyobisi sabantu,” yaye kamva uLenin wathi: “Nayiphi na ingcamango engonqulo, nayiphi na ingcamango engqinela ubukho bakhe nawuphi na uthixo, . . . icekiseka ngendlela engathethekiyo.”
Xa uBhishophu Omkhulu WobuOthodoki BaseRashiya uTikhon wathi wafa ngowe-1925, le cawa ayizange ivunyelwe ukuba ityumbe omnye ubhishophu omkhulu. Ukuhlaselwa konqulo okwalandelayo kwaphumela ekubeni izakhiwo ezininzi zecawa zitshatyalaliswe okanye zitshintshwe zibe ziindawo zikawonke-wonke. Abefundisi abaninzi bathunyelwa kwiinkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima kuzo, apho uninzi lwabo lwafela khona. IEncyclopædia Britannica inikela le ngxelo: “Ngaphantsi kolawulo lukaJoseph Stalin ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1920 neyee-1930, kwaphalazwa igazi elininzi ecaweni, nto leyo eyachaphazela amawakawaka amaxhoba. Ngowe-1939 babebathathu okanye bebane kuphela oobhishopu bobuOthodoki neecawa ezili-100 ezaziqhuba ngokusemthethweni.”
Noko ke, ngesiquphe kwenzeka utshintsho oluphawulekayo.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II Nonqulo
Ngowe-1939, iJamani yamaNazi, ngoko eyayilihlakani leSoviet Union yahlasela iPoland, yaqala ngolo hlobo ke iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kwisithuba sonyaka iSoviet Union yayisele ilawula ezi-4 zokugqibela kwiiriphabliki zayo ezili-15—iLatvia, iLithuania, iEstonia neMoldavia. Noko ke, ngoJuni 1941, iJamani yayihlasela kanobom iSoviet Union, nto leyo eyamothusa ngokupheleleyo uStalin. Ngasekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, amajoni aseJamani angena kwimimandla engqonge iMoscow, yaye iSoviet Union yoyiswa ngephanyazo.
Sele efane esenza, uStalin walungiselela ilizwe lakhe imfazwe eyabizwa ngabantu baseRashiya ngokuba yiMfazwe Enkulu Yesizwe. UStalin waqonda ukuba kuza kufuneka avumele icawa ukuze afumane inkxaso yabantu abaza kuphumeza le mfazwe ekubeni izigidigidi zabo zazisengabantu bonqulo. Kwaphumela entwenini oku kutshintshwa komthetho kaStalin ngokuphathelele icawa?
Ngentsebenziswano yecawa, abantu baseRashiya bathiwa umoya wemfazwe, yaye ngowe-1945 iSoviet yayoyisa ngendlela eyothusayo iJamani. Emva kokuba iSoviet ilurhoxisile uhlaselo lwayo kunqulo, inani leecawa zobuOthodoki lenyuka laya kutsho kuma-25 000, yaye inani labefundisi lenyuka laya kutsho kuma-33 000.
Lwaphinda Lwaqala Phantsi Uhlaselo
Noko ke, enyanisweni usukelo lweenkokeli zeSoviet lokuphelisa ingcamango engoThixo ezingqondweni zabantu bazo lwalungekapheli. IThe Encyclopædia Britannica ithi: “Olunye uhlaselo nxamnye neecawa lwaqaliswa yiNkulumbuso uNikita Khrushchev ngowe-1959-64, enciphisa inani leecawa eziqhelekileyo laya kutsho ngaphantsi kwama-10 000. UBhishopu Omkhulu uPimen watyunjwa ngowe-1971 emva kokufa kuka-Alexis, yaye nangona icawa yayisathandwa zizigidi ngezigidi, ikamva layo laligungqa.”b
Kamva siza kuxubusha indlela iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya eyathi yaphumelela ngayo kuhlaselo lwamva lweSoviet. Kodwa zaphumelela njani ezinye iicawa eSoviet Union? Kwezi cawa, yiyiphi uhlaselo olwagxininisa kuyo, yaye kutheni? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku elilandelayo.
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a La ngamazwe azimeleyo ali-15 awayesakuba ziiriphabliki zeSoviet: IArmenia, iAzerbaijan, iBelarus, iEstonia, iGeorgia, iKazakhstan, iKyrgyzstan, iLatvia, iLithuania, iMoldova, iRashiya, iTajikistan, iTurkmenistan, iUkraine, neUzbekistan.
b Igama lika-Alexis I, owaba ngubhishopu omkhulu wobuOthodoki baseRashiya ukususela ngowe-1945 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1970, nelika-Alexis II, ubhishopu omkhulu owaqala ngowe-1990 ukuza kuma ngoku, maxa wambi adla ngokubhalwa ngokuthi Alexy, Aleksi, Aleksei, nelithi Alexei.
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 11]
ULenin wathi ‘nayiphi ingcamango engoThixo icekiseka ngendlela engathethekiyo’
[Inkcazelo]
Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine—BDIC