Ulutsha Neziyobisi
“Ngaba babefanele bafe?”
Loo mbuzo wawukwiphepha elingaphandle lephephancwadi laseBrazil iVeja. Ecaleni kwaloo mazwi kwakukho iifoto ezintle zolutsha olwalukhangeleka lusempilweni—olwabulawa kukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi.
NANGONA abantu bezazi kakuhle iingozi zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi basaqhubeka bezisebenzisa, yaye loo nto iyabuqoba ubomi babo. Abantu abasebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi babangela ukuba iindleko kwezonyango zande, imveliso ihle, abanye abantu bangafumani mvuzo nolwaphulo-mthetho lwande yaye ngenxa yoko kuthelekelelwa ukuba nyaka ngamnye iUnited States ilahlekelwa zii-R940 ezigidi. Kodwa mhlawumbi lulutsha—abantwana—olona luvuna imiphumo elusizi. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yolunye uhlolisiso olwenziwa eBrazil, kwiJornal da Tarde, ama-24.7 olutsha oluneminyaka ephakathi kwe-10 ne-17 akhe azama ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lweziyobisi.
Ngoxa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kutshanje inani labantwana abakwishumi elivisayo abasebenzisa iziyobisi eUnited States liye lehla, kuyothusa ukubona indlela ababaninzi ngayo abantwana abakhotyokiswe ziziyobisi. Khawucinge nje ngabafundi bamabanga aphakamileyo. Ngokutsho kolunye uhlolisiso, abangama-37 bakhe bazama ukutshaya intsangu kunyaka odluleyo. Om-1 kwaba-5 uye wayitshaya kwinyanga edluleyo. Malunga nom-1 kwabali-10 ukhe wazama ukusebenzisa isiyobisi esibizwa ngokuba yiecstasy kunyaka odluleyo. Abangaphezu kwesi-6 ekhulwini bakhe bazama ukusebenzisa iLSD.
Iingxelo ezivela ehlabathini ngokubanzi ziyothusa. IBritish Office for National Statistics ithi “abafundi abali-12 ekhulwini abaneminyaka eli-11 ukusa kweli-15 ubudala bakhe bazisebenzisa iziyobisi kunyaka ophelileyo . . . Icannabis [intsangu] sesona siyobisi siye sasetyenziswa ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye.” Eyona nto yothusa nangakumbi kukuba “umfundi omnye kwabathathu (ama-35 ekhulwini) uye wasebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwesiyobisi okanye iziyobisi ezahlukahlukeneyo.”
Enye ingxelo eyenziwa yiEuropean Union ithi “iya ixhaphaka into yokusela kolutsha lunxile lungazazi namagama.” Le ngxelo ikwathi oko “kusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala ngunozala weengozi, ugonyamelo nokutyiwa kwetyhefu neengxaki ezenzeka ekuhlaleni.” Ingxelo evela eJapan ithi “iziyobisi ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ngabakwishumi elivisayo eJapan zezo zifunxwayo, yaye zinokukhokelela ubani ekubeni asebenzise nezinye iziyobisi.”
Ngoko ke, akumangalisi oko kwathethwa nguSosiba-jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo uKofi Annan xa wathi: “Iziyobisi zibangela iingxaki phakathi koluntu, ngunozala wolwaphulo-mthetho, ngunobangela wokusasazeka kwezifo ezifana noGawulayo, zibulala ulutsha lwethu yaye zilenza mfiliba ikamva lethu.” Ngokufuthi, abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi babekek’ ityala ngokuthengisa iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni nokubulalana kwabantu ngenxa yeziyobisi. Ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, abantu abaninzi baba ngamaxhoba ogonyamelo, bayenzakala okanye babandakanyeke kwiintlobano zesini eziyingozi nezingacetywanga. Yaye ukuba ucinga ukuba eyakho intsapho ayichaphazeleki koku, khawucingisise kakuhle! Enye ingxelo karhulumente waseUnited States yathi: “Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi akuyongxaki yabantu abangamahlwempu, abajongelwe phantsi okanye abahlala kwimimandla ehlwempuzekileyo. . . . Iziyobisi zisetyenziswa ngabantu beentlobo zonke abavela kwiindawo ngeendawo. Ingxaki yeziyobisi ichaphazela wonk’ umntu.”
Sekunjalo, abazali badla ngokuqabuka sekophulwe. Khawuqwalasele lo mzekelo wenye intwazana yaseBrazil. “Wayesela iziselo ezinxilisayo,” utsho njalo udadewabo uRegina.a “Intsapho yayicinga ukuba le yinto nje engenamsebenzi. Kodwa oku kwambangela ukuba yena nabahlobo bakhe abangamakhwenkwe baqalise ukusebenzisa iziyobisi. Kuba abazali bam babesoloko besenza ngathi izinto awayezenza azinamsebenzi, imikhuba yakhe yaya ithabath’ unyawo. Amaxesha amaninzi wayesuka anyamalale. Yaye ngalo lonke ixesha kufunyanwa isidumbu sebhinqa eliselula, amapolisa ayetsalela utata umnxeba ukuze aqonde ukuba asinguye na lowo! Oku kwakuyinxunguphalisa gqitha intsapho yasekhaya.”
IWorld Health Organization ichaza izizathu ezihlanu ezisisiseko ezinokubangela ukuba ulutsha luthande iziyobisi:
(1) Lufuna ukuziva lungabantu abakhulileyo luze luzenzele izigqibo
(2) Lufuna ukwamkeleka koontanga balo
(3) Lufuna ukuzonwabisa
(4) Lufuna ukubeka ubomi balo esichengeni yaye lufuna ukubandakanyeka kwizenzo zemvukelo
(5) Lunomdla wokwazi ukuba kunjani ukusebenzisa iziyobisi
Into edla ngokubeka umntu osemtsha esichengeni sokuqalisa lo mkhwa wokuzikhobokisa, kukufumaneka lula kweziyobisi nengcinezelo yoontanga. “Abazali bam abazange bakhe bathethe ngeziyobisi. Esikolweni, ootitshala babekhe bathethe ngale ngxaki kodwa babengangeni nzulu kulo mbandela,” utsho njalo uLuiz Antonio oselula waseBrazil. Ephenjelelwa ngabo wayefunda nabo, waqalisa ukusebenzisa iziyobisi eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Kamva, xa wayezama ukwahlukana nalo mkhwa, “abahlobo” bakhe awayefumana kubo iziyobisi bamkhuphela imela baza bamnyanzela ukuba aqhubeke nalo mkhwa!
Ngaba uyaqonda ukuba nabantwana bakho banokuba sengozini? Yintoni oyenzileyo ukuze ubakhusele ekusebenziseni kakubi iziyobisi? Kwinqaku elilandelayo kuza kuxutyushwa ezinye zeendlela abazali abanokukhusela ngazo abantwana babo.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Abanye asingomagama abo la.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 4]
“Iziyobisi zibangela iingxaki phakathi koluntu, ngunozala wolwaphulo-mthetho, ngunobangela wokusasazeka kwezifo ezifana noGawulayo, zibulala ulutsha lwethu yaye zilenza mfiliba ikamva lethu.”—UKOFI ANNAN, USOSIBA-JIKELELE WEZIZWE EZIMANYENEYO
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 3]
© Veja, Editora Abril, May 27, 1998