Khusela Iindlebe Zakho!
“Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-120 ehlabathini lonke banengxaki yokungeva kakuhle.”—IWorld Health Organization.
UKUKWAZI ukuva sisiphiwo esifanele sisixabise. Noko ke njengoko sikhula, ngokuthe ngcembe siya singeva kakuhle. Kubonakala ngathi kwixesha esiphila kulo, oku kungeva kakuhle kubangelwa ziindidi ngeendidi zezandi. Isazinzulu esiyintloko kwiCentral Institute for the Deaf, eSt. Louis, eMissouri, eUnited States sathi: “Iingxaki zokungeva ezimalunga nama-75 ekhulwini kumntu oqhelekileyo waseMerika azibangelwa kukukhula nje kuphela, kodwa zibangelwa naziingxolo ezahlukahlukeneyo umntu aye waziva ngexesha lokudla kwakhe amazimba.”
Ingxolo egqithiseleyo, nokuba yeyexeshana, inokuba yingozi kumalungu a-ethe-ethe angaphakathi endlebeni. Noko ke, ingcali ngokusebenza kwendlebe uGqr. Margaret Cheesman, sithi ingxaki yokungeva idla ngokubangelwa “kukusebenza kwindawo enengxolo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingxolayo kwanemidlalo ekungxolwayo kuyo.” Unokuzikhusela njani iindlebe zakho? Ukwazi indlela ezisebenza ngayo iindlebe zakho kuya kukunceda ufumane impendulo.
Izandi Esizivayo
Iya isanda ingxolo kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Mihla le abantu abaninzi beva izandi ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengokungxola kweenqwelo-mafutha, iibhasi neelori ezihamba esitratweni ukanti basaza kuva ingxolo egqithiseleyo yezixhobo zombane kwiindawo abasebenza kuzo.
Enye into enokuba yingxaki kukuvulelwa phezulu kwezinto ezikhalayo. Enye indlela exhaphakileyo yokuphulaphula i-CD neekhasethi zomculo kukusebenzisa i-headphones. Ngokutsho kukaMarshall Chasin, ongomnye wabaseki beMusicians’ Clinics of Canada, uhlolisiso olwenziwe eKhanada naseUnited States lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu abaselula luya lungeva kakuhle ngenxa yokuphulaphula umculo odlalelwa phezulu ngeeheadphones.
Kodwa iba njani ingxolo xa igqithisile? Isandi sinokuchazwa ngeendlela ezintathu—ubude bexesha esilithabathayo, amaza namandla aso. Ubude bexesha isandi esilithabathayo buxhomekeke ekubeni sivakele ixesha elide kangakanani na. Amaza esandi okanye ukuphakama nokuhla kwaso, achazwa ngokwemijikelo eyenzeka ngemizuzwana okanye iihertz. Ukuze isandi sivakale kakuhle, sifanele senze imijikelo engama-20 ukuya kwengama-20 000 ngomzuzwana.
Amandla esandi alinganiswa ngeedecibels (dB). Umlinganiselo wengxolo ebangelwa yincoko nje eqhelekileyo umalunga needecibels ezingama-60. Iingcali ngokusebenza kwendlebe zithi, xa uchitha ixesha elininzi uphulaphule nantoni na enengxolo engaphezu kweedecibels ezingama-85, ukwenkulu ingozi yokuba ungeva kakuhle ekugqibeleni. Ingxolo egqithiseleyo inokuba yingozi kwiindlebe zakho. Ingxelo ekwiphephancwadi iNewsweek yathi: “Ukuphulaphula ingxolo yesixhobo sombane sokuvula imingxuma (eli-100 dB) kangangeeyure ezimbini akunakuba nabungozi ezindlebeni zakho, kodwa akunakuhlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30 kwindawo enengxolo yemidlalo yevidiyo (eli-110 dB) kuze kungenzeki ngozi. Ingxolo engaphezulu ngeedecibels ezili-10 kumlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, inokuba yingozi ngokuphindwe kali-10 ezindlebeni zakho.” Uvavanyo olwenziweyo lungqina ukuba ingxolo emalunga needecibels ezili-120 itsho kabuhlungu ezindlebeni. Okothusayo kukuba, ezinye izinto zokudlala umculo kumakhaya amaninzi zinokutsho ngesandi esingaphezu kweedecibels ezili-140!—Bona ibhokisi ekweli nqaku.
Ukuze siqonde kakuhle indlela ingxolo egqithiseleyo eyingozi ngayo ezindlebeni zethu, makhe sihlolisise oko kwenzekayo xa sisiva isandi.
Indlela Ezisebenza Ngayo Iindlebe
Umphandle wendlebe, obizwa ngokuba yiauricle okanye ipinna, umile ngohlobo lokuba ukwazi ukuqokelela izandi uze uzithumele ngaphakathi endlebeni, ziye kufika kwieardrum. Ezi zandi zishukumisa ieardrum ize ke yona, ishukumise amathambo amathathu asembindini wendlebe. Oko kushukuma kuya kumphakathi wendlebe, apho kukho ulwelo olugqunywe lithambo. Oku kushukuma kuhamba ngolwelo olukwicochlea, ilungu lendlebe elingaphakathi elinoboya, elimile njengosinyeke. Ulwelo olukwicochlea luchukumisa incam yobu boya, buze bona buthumele inkcazelo engqondweni. Xa le nkcazelo ifika engqondweni, iyatshintshwa ibe sisandi.
Ingqondo iyakwazi ukuhluza ukuba ziziphi izandi enokuzamkela nezo ingenakuzamkela. Ngokomzekelo, umama usenokunganikeli ngqalelo kwingxolo eyenziwa ngumntwana xa edlala, kodwa utsiba ngoko nangoko akumva ekhala. Ukuva ngeendlebe zombini kuluncedo. Kusenza sikwazi ukuva icala izandi ezivela kulo. Kanti ukuba kuthetha umntu, ingqondo inokuqonda inkcazelo elinganiselweyo. Incwadi ethi The Senses ithi “yiloo nto ebangela ukuba umntu osemnxebeni angakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo xa kukho omnye umntu othetha naye.”
Indlela Ingxolo Eyingozi Ngayo Ezindlebeni
Ukuze ubone indlela ingxolo egqithiseleyo eyingozi ngayo ezindlebeni, qwalasela lo mzekelo. Enye ingxelo ethetha ngokhuseleko emsebenzini, ifanisa uboya obungaphakathi endlebeni nengqolowa esemasimini, iphinde ifanise ingxolo evakala endlebeni nomoya. Njengesandi esitsholo phantsi, impepho emyoli inokuzishukumisa iintloko zengqolowa kodwa kungenzeki nto kwingqolowa. Noko ke, umoya ovuthuzayo unokulushukumisa ngamandla udiza. Isitshingitshane okanye umoya obhudla ixesha elide unokulwaphula shwaqa udiza.
Kunjalo ke nangengxolo noboya obungaphakathi endlebeni. Ukuvakala kwesithonga ngequbuliso kunokugqabhuza izicwili ezingaphakathi endlebeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba umntu angeva ubomi bakhe bonke. Ukongezelela, ukuba kwindawo enengxolo egqithiseleyo kangangexesha elide kunokubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo uboya obusendlebeni. Umonakalo onokwenzeka kobu boya awunakulungiswa. Loo nto inokubangela ukuba umntu asoloko esiva ingxolo—ngokungathi kubhuza iinyosi, kukho into ekhenkcezayo okanye egqumayo.
Khusela Indlebe Zakho Ukuze Uqhubeke Usiva
Nangona sisenokungeva kakuhle ngenxa yemfuza okanye ngenxa yeengozi ezithile, zikho iindlela esinokuzikhusela ngazo iindlebe zethu ezixabisekileyo size siqhubeke sisiva. Bekuya kuba bubulumko ukufunda ngezinto ezinokuba yingozi kwiindlebe zethu. Enye ingcali ngokusebenza kwendlebe yakha yathi, “ukulinda de kuvele ingxaki ngaphambi kokuthabatha amanyathelo kufana nokuqaba isithambiso sokuzikhusela elangeni emva kokuba sele likutshisile.”
Amaxesha amaninzi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yindlela esiphulaphula ngayo kungekhona izinto esiziphulaphulayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uphulaphule unomathotholo ngeeheadphones, usenokumvulela phantsi ukuze ukwazi ukuva nezinye izinto. Ukuba unomathotholo okwinqwelo-mafutha okanye okwikhaya lakho ukhalela phezulu kangangokuba ningevani xa nincokola, loo nto inokuba yingozi kwiindlebe zakho. Iingcali zilumkisa ngelithi ukuhlala phakathi kwengxolo engangeedecibels ezingama-90 kangangeeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu kunokuba yingozi kwiindlebe zakho. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufake iiearplugs okanye ezinye izixhobo zokukhusela iindlebe ngalo lonke ixesha ukwindawo enengxolo.
Abazali bafanele bakhumbule ukuba abantwana ngabona basesichengeni sezinto ezinokubenza bangeva kunabantu abasele bekhulile. Khumbula ukuba izinto zokudlala ezinengxolo zinokuba yingozi. Kaloku, ezinye izinto zokudlala zinokwenza ingxolo efikelela kwiidecibels ezili-110!
Iindlebe zethu zi-ethe-ethe, zincinane, zinjalo nje zenza umsebenzi omkhulu. Ziyasinceda sive izandi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezimnandi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, simele sizikhusele iindlebe zethu ezisisipho esixabisekileyo.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 13]
Umlinganiselo Weedecibels Zezandi Eziqhelekileyo
• Ukuphefumla—iidecibels ezili-10
• Ukusebeza—iidecibels ezingama-20
• Incoko—iidecibels ezingama-60
• Ingxolo yeenqwelo-mafutha ngexesha lesiphithiphithi—iidecibels ezingama-80
• Umatshini wokuxuba ukutya—iidecibels ezingama-90
• Ukudlula kukaloliwe—iidecibels ezili-100
• Isarha yombane (ichain saw)—iidecibels ezili-110
• Ukudlula kobhaza-bhaza wenqwelo-moya—iidecibels ezili-120
• Isithonga sokudubula kwevolovolo—iidecibels ezili-140
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 14]
Kusenokwenzeka Ukuba Iindlebe Zakho Zinengxaki Ukuba
• Akumva unomathotholo okanye umabonwakude ngoxa usitsho kabuhlungu ezindlebeni zabanye abantu
• Kufuneka abanye abantu baphinde xa bethetha nawe
• Usoloko ufing’ iintshiyi, usondele uze ujike ukuze umve umntu othetha nawe
• Akuva kakuhle kwiimbutho zikawonke-wonke okanye xa kukho enye ingxolo, njengengxolo yabantu abancokolayo okanye kwivenkile enabantu abaninzi
• Usoloko ubuza abanye ukuba bekusithiwani
[Umzobo okwiphepha 13]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
I-“auricle”
Amathambo amathathu angaphakathi endlebeni
I-“eardrum”
I-“cochlea”
Imithambo-luvo eya ebuchotsheni