Kutheni Lungaka Ulwaphulo-mthetho Olunogonyamelo?

ZONKE iintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho zizenzo zenkohlakalo. Kodwa, izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezingekho ngqiqweni, kunzima ukuziqonda. Eyona nto yenza abaphandi baxinan’ iingqondo kukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho ludla ngokwenziwa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ekubeni kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwakho inkqubela engakumbi kwezosasazo, ezo ziganeko zothusayo zifikelela kwiindlebe zezigidi okanye zamawaka ezigidi zabantu kungaphelanga yure zingaphi. Ingxelo eyasasazwa yiWorld Health Organization ithi “ugonyamelo luchaphazela onke amazwekazi, amazwe nenkoliso yoluntu ngokubanzi.”

Kutshanje kuye kwakho iingxelo zokuhlasela kwezaphuli-mthetho ezinogonyamelo kwiindawo ezazifudula zigqalwa njengezikhuselekileyo kwiminyaka edluleyo. Ngokomzekelo, kangangexesha elide ulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo belungekho lungako eJapan. Noko ke, ngoJuni 2001, enye indoda yase-Ikeda, yangena esikolweni iphethe imela enkulu yokuxhela, yaza yaqalisa ukuhlaba abantwana. Kwimizuzu nje eli-15, le ndoda yayisele ibulele abantwana abasi-8 yaza yenzakalisa nabanye abali-15. Xa kuqwalaselwa iingxelo ezinjengale ezivela eJapan, kuquka ezo zolutsha olubulala abantu olungabaziyo ngaphandle kwesizathu, ubani utsho aqonde ukuba izinto azisafani nakuqala.

Kwanakumazwe adume ngokuba nolwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi, ezinye izenzo ezimanyumnyezi zolwaphulo-mthetho ziye zabacaphukisa abantu abaninzi. Kwaba njalo nasemva kokuhlaselwa kweWorld Trade Center, eNew York, ngoSeptemba 11, 2001. Esinye isazi ngokusebenza kwengqondo, uGerard Bailes sagqabaza senjenje: “Olu hlaselo luye lwenza ihlabathi laba yindawo eyahlukileyo neyingozi ngolona hlobo yaye asikwazi ukuyithelekelela into eza kwenzeka.”

Yintoni Ekhokelela Abantu Kwizenzo Zolwaphulo-mthetho?

Asikho sinye isizathu esibangela abantu babandakanyeke kwizenzo ezimanyumnyezi zolwaphulo-mthetho. Into eyenza kube nzima ukuziqonda ezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho yindlela ezimasikizi ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, kunzima ukusiqonda isizathu sokuba umntu asukele abantu angazange ababone nokubabona abahlabe ngemela ababulale okanye umntu aqhube inqwelo-mafutha aze xa edlula ndlwini ithile adubule nokuba ngubani na ambonayo.

Abanye bathi abantu bazalwa benogonyamelo. Bambi bathi utyekelo lokubandakanyeka kwizenzo ezimanyumnyezi zolwaphulo-mthetho akunakuthiwa yinto umntu azalwa nayo.—Bona ibhokisi ethi “Ngaba Kwamiselwa Kwangaphambili Ukuba Abantu Babe Nogonyamelo?”

Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba zininzi izinto ezibangela abantu batyekele kugonyamelo olungekho ngqiqweni. Ingxelo eyapapashwa yi-FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Academy yaseUnited States ide ithi: “Umntu ophile kakuhle engqondweni akanakubulala omnye umntu.” Abanye abasemagunyeni abayamkeli ngokupheleleyo le nkcazelo. Sekunjalo, abaninzi bayavumelana nayo. Kubonakala ngathi ingqondo yabantu ababandakanyeka kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezimasikizi ayisebenzi kakuhle. Iingqondo zabo zigqwetheke ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba benza izinto ezimbi ngendlela engakholelekiyo. Yintoni ephembelela abantu ekwenzeni izinto ezinjalo? Makhe siqwalasele oothunywashe abaliqela, iingcali ezikholelwa ukuba banegalelo koku.

Ukuqhekeka Kwentsapho

UMarianito Panganiban, osisithethi seNational Bureau of Investigation kwiiPhilippines, wabuzwa ngumbhali kaVukani! ngendlela abakhule ngayo abo babandakanyeka kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezigabadeleyo. Wathi: “Bakhulele kwiintsapho eziqhekekileyo. Abazange banyanyekelwe yaye abazange bathandwe. Abanayo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kuba abafumani lwalathiso yaye ngenxa yoko benza izinto eziphum’ ecaleni.” Abaphandi abaninzi bathi izaphuli-mthetho ezinogonyamelo zakhulela kwiintsapho ezingenalwalamano luhle nezinogonyamelo.

I-U.S. National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime yakhupha ingxelo yoluhlu lwezinto ezinokuba negalelo ekubandakanyekeni kolutsha kugonyamelo oluyingozi esikolweni. Phakathi kwezinto ezichaphazela intsapho ezakhankanywayo, kwakukho ezi zilandelayo: iingxabano ezingapheliyo phakathi komzali nomntwana, abazali abangakwaziyo ukubona iingxaki abatyhubela kuzo abantwana babo, ukungabikho kolwalamano olusondeleyo, abazali abangoovula zibhuqe, abantwana abaphila ubomi obumbaxa baze ngaloo ndlela bafihlele abazali babo ezinye izinto eziqhubekayo ebomini babo.

Namhlanje, abantwana abaninzi bakhulela kwiintsapho eziqhekekileyo. Abanye abazali abanaxesha labantwana babo. Ukanti abanye abantwana abangamawaka abakhange bafumane lwalathiso lwaneleyo kwiintsapho zabo ngokuphathelele indlela yokuziphatha. Ezinye iingcali zivakalelwa kukuba le meko isenokubangela ukuba bangakwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo nabanye abantu yaye ngenxa yoko kuba lula ukuba benze izinto ezimbi kwabanye abantu, emva koko bangazisoli nokuzisola.

Amaqela Anentiyo Namahlelo Onqulo

Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba amanye amaqela anentiyo okanye amahlelo aye anempembelelo enamandla kwezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Omnye umfana ontsundu oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala wase-Indiana, eUnited States, wayegoduka evela ezivenkileni. Kwimizuzwana nje embalwa, wayethe tywaa esitratweni edutyulwe ebuchotsheni. Wayedutyulwe ngomnye umfana ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kwakutheni? Kuthiwa lo mfana wambulala kuba efuna ukuba yinxalenye yombutho wabamhlophe ababezigqala bongamile kunabantu abantsundu yaye wayeza kwenziwa i-tattoo yendlu yesigcawu kuba ebulele umntu ontsundu.

Isiganeko sokuhlaselwa kwabantu ngegesi ebulala imithambo-luvo kwisiporo esiphantsi komhlaba saseTokyo ngowe-1995; ukuzibulala kwabantu abaninzi baseJonestown, eGuyana; ukufa kwabantu abangama-69 ababengamalungu ehlelo elibizwa ngokuba yiOrder of the Solar Temple, eSwitzerland, eKhanada, naseFransi, kwakuyimpembelelo yamahlelo. Le mizekelo ibonisa indlela enamandla ngayo impembelelo yamaqela athile kwabanye abantu. Iinkokeli ezinempembelelo enamandla ziphembelela abantu ukuba benze izinto ezingekho “ngqiqweni” ngokubalukuhla ngelithi baza kufumana iingenelo ezithile.

Ugonyamelo Kumajelo Osasazo

Abanye bathi iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano lwezi mini zisenokukhuthaza ugonyamelo. Kuthiwa isazela somntu osoloko ebukele izenzo zogonyamelo kumabonwakude, kwii-movies, kwimidlalo yevidiyo nakwi-Internet, siyatsha yaye oko kumbangela abe nogonyamelo. UGqr. Daniel Borenstein, ongumongameli we-American Psychiatric Association, wathi: “Ngoku kukho iingxelo zophando ezingaphezu kwe-1 000 ezisekelwe kuphando olwenziwe kwisithuba esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ezibonisa ukuba abanye abantwana abanogonyamelo baphenjelelwa lugonyamelo abalubukela kumajelo osasazo.” Phambi kwekomiti yeSenate yaseUnited States uGqr. Borenstein wanikela obu bungqina: “Seyisekile kwelokuba umntu osoloko ezonwabisa ngokubukela iintlobo-ntlobo zogonyamelo, uyingozi kwabanye abantu.”—Bona ibhokisi ethi “Imbono Kagqirha Ngokuphathelele Imidlalo Yekhompyutha Enogonyamelo.”

Kudla ngokucatshulwa imizekelo ethile ebonisa ubunyaniso boku. Ngokuphathelele indoda eyadubula yaza yabulala ngokungenalusini isibini esasibukele ukuphuma kwelanga kunxweme lolwandle, ekuthethwe ngaso kwinqaku elingaphambili, abatshutshisi beza nobungqina bokuba into eyayiphembelela ukuba ibulale eso sibini ngaphandle kwesizathu kukubukela ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-movie enogonyamelo. Xa kwakudutyulwana esikolweni, apho kwafa abantwana abali-15, kuthiwa abo bafundi babini babulala abo bantwana babechitha iiyure ezininzi suku ngalunye bedlala imidlalo yevidiyo enogonyamelo. Ngaphezulu, babebukela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ii-movies ezibalaselisa ugonyamelo nokubulala.

Iziyobisi

EUnited States, umlinganiselo wenani lolutsha olukwishumi elivisayo olubulala abantu, uye waphindaphindeka kathathu kwisithuba seminyaka esibhozo. Abasemagunyeni bathi siyintoni esinye sezizathu zoku? Ngamaqela emigewu, ngokukodwa imigewu esebenzisa i-crack cocaine. Kwiingxelo zakutshanje ezingaphezu kwama-500 zokubulalana kwabantu, eLos Angeles, eCalifornia, “amapolisa athi ezingama-75 ekhulwini kuzo zaziphenjelelwe yimigewu.”

Ingxelo eyapapashwa yiFBI Academy ithi: “Lingaphaya kwengqondo inani labantu ababulala abanye, ekuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba basebenzisa iziyobisi.” Abanye abantu abagqwethwe ingqondo ziziyobisi babulala abanye xa bephantsi kwempembelelo yeziyobisi. Ukanti abanye, xa bezikhusela ekuthubeleziseni iziyobisi, babhenela kugonyamelo. Ngokucacileyo, iziyobisi ziphembelela abantu ukuba benze izinto ezimasikizi.

Ukufumaneka Lula Kwezixhobo Eziyingozi

Njengoko kuye kwakhankanywa kwinqaku elingaphambili, indoda eyadubula abantu eTasmania, eOstreliya, yabulala abantu abangama-35. Yangxwelerha nabanye abali-19. Le ndoda yayixhobe ngoombayimbayi abasetyenziswa emkhosini. Ngenxa yoku, abaninzi bafikela kwisigqibo sokuba, ukufumaneka lula kwezixhobo ezinjalo ngomnye unobangela wolwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo.

Enye ingxelo ibonisa ukuba ngowe-1995, bangama-32 kuphela abantu abadutyulwa bafa eJapan, yaye inkoliso yabo yayiyimigewu ibulawa yeminye imigewu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, eUnited States, babeli-15 000 abantu abadutyulwa bafa. Yintoni ebangela kubekho lo mahluko? Abanye bathi kungenxa yemithetho engqongqo yaseJapan ngokuphathelele ukuba nompu.

Ukoyiswa Kwabantu Kukuhlangabezana Neengxaki Zobomi

Xa besiva ngezinto ezimanyumnyezi ezenziwe ngumntu othile, abanye basenokuthi, ‘Umele ukuba uphambene loo mntu!’ Noko ke, abantu ababandakanyeka kwezi zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho abaguli ngengqondo bonke. Kodwa abaninzi boyiswa kukuhlangabezana neengxaki zobomi. Iingcali zithi ubuthathaka bomntu busenokumkhokelela ekwenzeni izinto ezihlasimlis’ umzimba. Phakathi kobo buthathaka kukhankanywa ezi zinto zilandelayo: ukoyiswa kukuqonda iingcamango ezintsha nokungakwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo nabanye; imiphumo ebuhlungu yokuxhatshazwa emzimbeni okanye ngokwesini; ukuthanda ukuzenza ikheswa; ukuba nentiyo ngeqela elithile labantu, njengamabhinqa; ukungazisoli emva kokwenza into ephosakeleyo; nokuthanda ukulawula abanye.

Enoba iyintoni na ingxaki yabo, abanye bayonganyelwa ziingxaki zabo kangangokuba nengqondo le yabo iyagqwetheka yaye oku kubakhokelela ekwenzeni izinto ezimasikizi. Umzekelo woku ngumongikazi othile owayethanda injezu. Watofa abantwana nge-muscle relaxant eyabenza abakwazi ukuphefumla. Emva koko wayenandipha ingqalelo awayeyifumana njengoko “wayesindisa” ngamnye kwabo bantwana. Ngelishwa, akazange akwazi ukubaphefumlisa bonke kwakhona. Wagwetyelwa ukubulala.

Ngokusuka kwezi ngxelo, kuyacaca ukuba baninzi oothunywashe abakhokelela abantu kulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo. Noko ke, besiya kuba asigqibanga xa besingenakuqwalasela enye inkalo ebaluleke kakhulu.

Impendulo YeBhayibhile

IBhayibhile isinceda siqonde oko kuqhubekayo ngoku nesizathu sokuba abantu benze izinto ezixhomis’ amehlo ngolu hlobo. Isichaza ngokuchanileyo isimo sengqondo esisibonayo namhlanje. Ngokomzekelo, kwizinto ezichazwe kweyesi-2 kuTimoti 3:3, 4 ithi abantu babengayi kuba ‘nawo umsa wemvelo’ yaye babengayi kukwazi ‘ukuzeyisa, babeya kuba ziindlobongela, abangathandi kulunga,’ ‘nabaneentloko ezilukhuni.’ Kwenye incwadi yeBhayibhile, uYesu uthi: “Luya kuphola uthando lwabaninzi.”—Mateyu 24:12.

IBhayibhile ithi: “Ngemihla yokugqibela kuya kufika amaxesha amanqam ekunzima ukujamelana nawo.” (2 Timoti 3:1) Ewe, oku sikubonayo bubungqina bokuba siphila esiphelweni sale nkqubo yezinto. Iimeko zehlabathi kuquka izimo zengqondo zabantu, ziyawohloka. Ngaba sinokuba nethemba lokufumana isicombululo ngokukhawuleza? IBhayibhile iyaphendula: “Abantu abangendawo namabhedengu baya kuhambela phambili ebubini.”—2 Timoti 3:13.

Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba uluntu luya kuhlala lungamaxhoba enkohlakalo yabantu abanogonyamelo nolwaphulo-mthetho olwanda okomlilo wedobo? Lo mbuzo makhe siwuhlolisise kwinqaku lethu elilandelayo.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 6]

NGABA KWAMISELWA KWANGAPHAMBILI UKUBA ABANTU BABE NOGONYAMELO?

Abanye abantu bathi abantu bazalwa benotyekelo lokuba nogonyamelo okanye lokubulala. Abaxhasi bendaleko bathi savela kwizilwanyana zasendle yaye ngenxa yoko ubundlobongela sabuzuz’ ilifa kuzo. Iingcamango ezinjalo beziya kubonisa ukuba akukho themba lokuba siya kuze sahlukane nogonyamelo.

Noko ke, ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa okwahlukileyo koko. Iingcamango ezikhankanywe ngasentla azisichazi isizathu sokuba kumaqela ahlukahlukeneyo abantu kubekho iintlobo ezingafaniyo zogonyamelo. Azisichazi nesizathu sokuba abanye abantu begqala ugonyamelo njengento eqhelekileyo, ngoxa kwezinye iindawo iingxelo zophando zibonisa ukuba alukho lungako ulwaphulo-mthetho kungekho nazingxelo zabantu abaye babulawa ngenxa yogonyamelo. UErich Fromm oyi-psychoanalyst wabonisa ukungachani okuthile kwingcamango yokuba iingcwangu sazizuz’ ilifa kwizilwanyana ngokuveza ingongoma yokuba nangona ezinye izilwanyana zisiba nogonyamelo ngenxa yeengxaki ezithile emzimbeni okanye kuba zizama ukuzikhusela, ngabantu kuphela ababulala kuba nje befuna ukuzonwabisa.

Kwincwadi yabo ethi The Will to Kill—Making Sense of Senseless Murder, uNjingalwazi James Alan Fox noJack Levin bathi: “Abanye abantu banogonyamelo ngakumbi kunabanye, ukanti bonke banenkululeko yokuzikhethela. Nangona abantu beqhutywa zizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuba babulale abanye abantu, umntu uyazikhethela yaye uyazenzela isigqibo sokwenjenjalo yaye nguye obekek’ ityala.”

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

IMBONO KAGQIRHA NGOKUPHATHELELE IMIDLALO YEKHOMPYUTHA ENOGONYAMELO

UGqr. Richard F. Corlin, owayesakuba ngumongameli weAmerican Medical Association wathetha neqela loogqirha ababethweswa izidanga ePhiladelphia, ePennsylvania, eUnited States. Wathetha ngemidlalo yekhompyutha ekhuthaza ugonyamelo. Kweminye yale midlalo umntu ufumana amanqaku xa eye wahlaba umntu, afumane amanye xa edubule umntu, yaye ufumana angakumbi xa edubule umntu entloko. Kutsaza igazi, buze ubuchopho buthi saa.

UGqr. Corlin wathi abantwana abavumelekanga ukuba baqhube, basele iziselo ezinxilisayo, okanye batshaye xa besebancinane. Wandula ke wathi: “Kodwa siyabavumela ukuba baqeqeshelwe ukudubula bengekakwazi ukulawula iintshukumisa zabo yaye bengekaqoli ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangakwazi ukuzisebenzisa kakuhle izixhobo abadlala ngazo. . . . Zisuka nje kufuneka sibafundise abantwana bethu ukuba ugonyamelo lunemiphumo—imiphumo enzulu—ngalo lonke ixesha.”

Okulusizi kukuba, kunokuba bafundiswe ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lunemiphumo ebuhlungu, abantwana badla ngokuba ngamaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo. Iingxelo zibonisa ukuba eUnited States, ngosuku, balishumi abantwana abadutyulwa bafe. UGqr. Corlin uthi: “Ehlabathini lonke—elona lizwe linabantwana abaninzi abadutyulwa bafe yiUnited States.” Ufikelela kwisiphi isigqibo? “Izixholo-xholo ezibangela ukuba kudutyulwane zisisisongelo kubantu abahlala kweli lizwe lethu. Yinyaniso emsulwa leyo.”

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 9]

IZINTO EZINEGALELO KULWAPHULO-MTHETHO OLUNOGONYAMELO

Iingcali ezininzi zivakalelwa kukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokuba negalelo kulwaphulo-mthetho olumanyumnyezi:

Ukuqhekeka kwentsapho

Amaqela anentiyo, abantu abenza izinto ezigabadeleyo

Amahlelo ayingozi

Iindlela zokuzonwabisa ezinogonyamelo

Ukuhlala nabantu abanogonyamelo

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi

Ukoyiswa kukuhlangabezana neengxaki zobomi

Ukufumaneka lula kwezixhobo eziyingozi

Izigulo ezithile zengqondo

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

Enye yeebhombu ezintlanu ezaqhushumbayo, apho kwafa malunga nabantu abali-12 kwaza kwenzakala nabanye abangaphezu kwama-80, kwisiXeko saseQuezon, kwiiPhilippines

[Inkcazelo]

AP Photo/Aaron Favila December 30, 2000

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

Abafundi ababini babulala umfundisi-ntsapho, abafundi abali-12 emva koko bazibulala nabo, eColumbine High School, eColorado, eUnited States

[Inkcazelo]

AP Photo/Jefferson County Sheriff’s Department April 20, 1999

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8, 9]

Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu ngebhombu ekwinqwelo-mafutha, apho kwafa malunga nabantu abali-182 kwaza kwangxwelerheka abali-132, kwi-“nightclub” eBali, eIndonesia

[Inkcazelo]

Maldonado Roberto/GAMMA October 12, 2002