Ukungcungcuthekiswa Kwabantu—Ingxaki Ethwaxa Ihlabathi Lonke
“Ukuba uye weza esikolweni ngomso, siza kukubulala.”—Umfundi waseKhanada ogama linguKristen watsalelwa umnxeba yintwazana ethile engazange izichaze igama layo, imsongela ngaloo mazwi.a
“Andingomntu unkenenkene, kodwa ngaxa lithile izinto zaba mbi kangangokuba ndandingasafuni nokuya esikolweni. Kwakubuhlungu isisu, yaye ntsasa nganye xa ndigqiba kutya kwakubuya konke oko kutya.”—UHiromi, umfundi waseJapan okwishumi elivisayo, ubalisa amava akhe okungcungcuthekiswa.
NGABA wakha wangcungcuthekiswa? Inkoliso yethu yakha yangcungcuthekiswa ngaxa lithile. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwakusesikolweni okanye emsebenzini, okanye ekhaya—apho isuke yaxhaphaka kakhulu into yokuxhatshazwa kwabanye. Ngokomzekelo, enye ingxelo evela eBritani ibonisa ukuba bamalunga nama-53 ekhulwini abantu abadala abangcungcuthekiswa ngamaqabane abo omtshato okanye oomasihlalisane. Abantu abangcungcuthekisa abanye nabangcungcuthekiswayo basenokuba ngamadoda okanye amabhinqa, ngabantu bazo zonke iindidi yaye bakho kuyo yonk’ indawo.
Yintoni kanye kanye ukungcungcuthekisa? Akufani ncam nokukhathaza umntu ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukuhlasela ngogonyamelo. Umntu udla ngokungcungcuthekiswa ngezinto nje ezingenamsebenzi ixesha elide, kunokuba ahlaselwe isihlandlo nje esinye okanye izihlandlo ezimbalwa. UDan Olweus oyingcali yengqondo, nowahlahl’ indlela ekuphandeni ngokungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu, uchaza ezinye zezinto ezidla ngokwenziwa ngabantu abangcungcuthekisa abanye, njengokuba nogonyamelo nokungcungcuthekiswa komntu ongenandlela yakuziphindezela.
Mhlawumbi, ukungcungcuthekisa akunakuchazwa ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kuthiwa ukungcungcuthekisa “kukufuna ukukhathaza omnye umntu ngabom uze umenze anxunguphale.” Loo mntu akanxunguphali ngenxa yoko kwenzekayo nje kuphela kodwa woyika noko kusenokwenzeka. Ezinye iindlela zokungcungcuthekisa umntu isenokuba kukumnxwala, ukusoloko umgxeka, ukumnyelisa, ukumhleba nokufuna izinto ngenkani.—Bona ibhokisi ekwiphepha 12.
UKristen, okwishumi elivisayo ekuthethwe ngaye ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, wayelixhoba lokungcungcuthekiswa phantse yonke iminyaka awayesesikolweni ngayo. Ngoxa wayesekumabanga aphantsi, abanye abantwana babedla ngokufaka itshungama ezinweleni zakhe, bahlekise ngenkangeleko yakhe baze bamoyikise ngelithi baza kumbetha. Xa wayekumabanga aphakamileyo, izinto zaba mbi nangakumbi—kangangokuba wayefumana izisongelo zokubulawa emnxebeni. Ngoku uneminyaka eli-18 ubudala yaye uthi: “Xa usiya esikolweni uya ngenjongo yokufunda, kungekhona ukusongelwa ngokubulawa nokungcungcuthekiswa.”
Enye ingcali kwizigulo zengqondo ithi: “Ibuhlungu yona kodwa sele iyindlela eqhelekileyo abantu abaphathana ngayo. Abanye abantu bayayinandipha into yokuthoba abanye isidima.” Xa lo mkhwa ungasalawuleki, unokukhokelela ekubeni lowo ugculelwayo aziphindezele kabuhlungu yaye usenokukhokelela nakwintlekele. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umntu owayesebenza kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke wayelixhoba lokugculelwa ngenxa yokuba wayelithintitha yaye wayehlala engcungcuthekiswa kangangokuba ekugqibeleni wabulala abantu abane awayesebenza nabo, emva koko wazibulala naye.
Ingxaki Yokungcungcuthekiswa Kwabantu Ithwaxa Ihlabathi Lonke
Ingxaki yokungcungcuthekisana kwabantwana besikolo ikho kulo lonke ihlabathi. Uphando olwapapashwa yiPediatrics in Review lubonisa ukuba eNorway, abantwana abali-14 ekhulwini bangcungcuthekisa abanye okanye bangamaxhoba okungcungcuthekiswa. EJapan, abantwana abakumabanga aphantsi abali-15 ekhulwini bathi bayangcungcuthekiswa, ngoxa eOstreliya naseSpeyin le ngxaki ithwaxa abafundi abali-17 ekhulwini. Enye ingcali yaseBritani ithi abantwana abamalunga nesi-1.3 sezigidi babandakanyeke kwizenzo zokungcungcuthekisa.
Unjingalwazi uAmos Rolider wase-Emek Yizre’el College wenza uphando kubafundi abangama-2 972 kwizikolo ezingama-21. Ngokutsho kweThe Jerusalem Post, lo njingalwazi wafumanisa ukuba abafundi “abangama-65% bakhalazela ukubethwa, ukukhatywa, ukutyhalwa okanye ukuphathwa kakubi ngabanye abafundi.”
Uhlobo olutsha lokungcungcuthekisa abanye ngokungaqondakaliyo kukuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo esisisongelo ngecell phone nangekhompyutha. Ulutsha lwenza neeWeb pages ezinenkcazelo ebonakalisa intiyo ngalowo kuthethwa ngaye, kuquka nenkcazelo yakhe yobuqu. Ngokutsho kukaGqr. Wendy Craig weQueen’s University yaseKhanada, olu hlobo lokungcungcuthekisa “lumenzakalisa ngendlela engathethekiyo loo mntwana ulixhoba.”
Emsebenzini
Ukungcungcuthekiswa emsebenzini yenye yezona ngxaki zandayo nezibangela abasebenzi bakhalazele ukuphathwa ngogonyamelo emsebenzini. Eneneni, kwamanye amazwe kuthiwa le ngxaki ixhaphake nangaphezu kocalucalulo lobuhlanga nokukhathazwa kwabantu bephenjelelwa ekuziphatheni okubi ngokwesini. Nyaka ngamnye, kubasebenzi baseUnited States, malunga nomntu om-1 kwaba-5 ujamelana nokungcungcuthekiswa.
EBritani, ingxelo eyakhutshwa yiUniversity of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology ngowama-2000 yathi kubantu abangama-5 300 abasebenza kumashishini angama-70, abangama-47 ekhulwini bathi baye bazibonela ngawabo amehlo ukungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu kule minyaka mihlanu idluleyo. Uhlolisiso lowe-1996 olwenziwa yiEuropean Union ngokudlan’ iindlebe nabantu abali-15 800 abakumazwe ali-15 aphantsi kwalo mbutho, lwabonisa ukuba abantu abasi-8 ekhulwini—oko kukuthi abasebenzi abamalunga ne-12 lezigidi—baba ngamaxhoba okugrogriswa okanye okungcungcuthekiswa.
Enoba kusesikolweni okanye kusemsebenzini, kukho nto inye abafana ngayo bonke abantu abangcungcuthekisa abanye—basebenzisa amandla abanawo ukwenzakalisa okanye ukuthob’ isidima abanye. Noko ke, yintoni ebangela ukuba kubekho abantu abangcungcuthekisa abanye? Uba yintoni umphumo woko? Yaye yintoni enokwenziwa ngale ngxaki?
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Abanye asingomagama abo la.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 12]
Iintlobo Zabangcungcuthekisi
◼ Abangcungcuthekisa Emzimbeni: Aba kulula ukubabona. Umsindo wabo bawubonakalisa ngokubetha, ukutyhala, okanye ukukhaba elo xhoba labo—okanye ngokonakalisa impahla yexhoba labo.
◼ Abasebenzisa Izinyeliso: Basebenzisa amazwi ahlabayo baze balihlazise elo xhoba labo, ngokulithuka, ngokulinyelisa okanye ngokuqhubeka beliqhula ngendlela enyelisayo.
◼ Abangcungcuthekisa Abahlobo: Basasaza ulwimi ngexhoba labo. Olu hlobo lokungcungcuthekisa luxhaphake kakhulu kumabhinqa.
◼ Amaxhoba Aziphindezelayo: La ngamaxhoba okungcungcuthekiswa ajika abe ngabangcungcuthekisi nawo. Kakade ke, ukungcungcuthekiswa kwawo akuwathetheleli kulo mkhwa wawo, kunoko kunceda umntu aqonde isizathu sokuba abe ngabangcungcuthekisi.
[Inkcazelo]
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