Ukungcungcuthekiswa Kwabantu—Oonobangela Nemiphumo

YINTONI ebangela umntwana aqalise ukungcungcuthekisa abanye? Ukuba wakha walixhoba lokungcungcuthekiswa, usenokuthi, “Andinaxesha lokwazi neso sizathu! Umntu owenza loo nto akathetheleleki.” Yaye mhlawumbi unyanisile. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokuqonda isizathu sokuba umntu angcungcuthekise abanye nokuthethelela isenzo sakhe. Izizathu zokuba umntwana angcungcuthekise abanye azilithetheleli elo khondo lakhe liphosakeleyo, kodwa zinokusinceda siqonde isizathu sokuba aziphathe ngale ndlela. Yaye oko kunokuba luncedo kakhulu. Njani?

Umzekeliso wamandulo uthi: “Ingqiqo yomntu ngokuqinisekileyo imenza azeke kade umsindo.” (IMizekeliso 19:11) Ukuba nomsindo ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa ngulowo usingcungcuthekisayo kunokusenza singakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle ingqiqo, kusidandathekise kude kusenze sibe nentiyo. Kodwa ukusiqonda kakuhle isizathu sokuba enze oko kunokuwuthothisa umsindo. Ngenxa yoko, sinokutsho sikwazi ukufumana isicombululo. Ngoko, masiqwalasele ezinye izinto ezibangela abantu baziphathe ngale ndlela ingathandekiyo.

Yintoni Ebangela Abantu Bangcungcuthekise Abanye?

Kwiimeko ezininzi umntu ongcungcuthekisa abanye idla ngokuba ngumntu ongazange afumane lwalathiso lwaneleyo kubazali bakhe ekukhuleni kwakhe okanye owayengakhathalelwanga. Abantwana abaninzi abangcungcuthekisa abanye bakhuliswe ngabazali abangenaluthando, abangenankathalo okanye abaye bafundisa abantwana babo ukuba balungise iingxaki ngegqudu. Abantwana abakhuliswe ngale ndlela basenokungayiboni into yokuba bayabangcungcuthekisa abanye xa bebathuka okanye bebadlakazelisa; basenokude bacinge ukuba indlela abenza ngayo izinto ifanelekile yaye yamkelekile.

Enye intwazana ene-16 leminyaka ubudala eyayingcungcuthekiswa yindoda eyayitshate nonina nangabantwana eyayifunda nabo esikolweni ithi yaqalisa ukungcungcuthekisa abanye nayo xa ikwibanga lesihlanu. Ithi: “Eyona ngxaki kukuba, ndandinengqumbo ngaphakathi; ndandihlasela nje nokuba ngubani. Ukuba sentlungwini kumchaphazela kanobom umntu. Xa unento ekukhathazayo ufuna ukuyikhuphela emntwini.” Nangona amantombazana amaninzi angcungcuthekisa abanye engadli ngokuba nogonyamelo olunjalo, adla ngokwenza izinto eqhutywa ngumsindo.a

Kwizikolo ezininzi kukho abantwana abaninzi abavela kumakhaya awahlukahlukeneyo, abakhuliswe ngendlela engafaniyo. Okubuhlungu kukuba, abanye abantwana banobundlobongela kuba baye bafundiswa ekhaya ukuba ukungcungcuthekisa abanye nokubathuka kunokubanceda bafumane yonk’ into abayifunayo.

Ngelishwa, le ndlela idla ngokubonakala iphumelela. UShelley Hymel, osebenza ngokusondeleyo nomphathi weUniversity of British Columbia, yaseKhanada, ubefunda ngokuziphatha kwabantwana kangangamashumi amabini eminyaka. Uthi: “Kukho abantwana abazama indlela abanokufumana ngayo nantoni na abayifunayo yaye ngelishwa, badla ngokuphawula ukuba indlela ebancedayo ukuze bafumane loo nto bayifunayo, kukungcungcuthekisa abanye. Bayayifumana into abayifunayo—ukoyikwa, iwonga nengqalelo.”

Enye into ebangela ukuba ingxaki yokungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu ithabath’ unyawo kukunganyanyekelwa kwabantwana. Amaxhoba amaninzi avakalelwa kukuba akanabani—yaye okubuhlungu kukuba abaninzi abanaye ngokwenene umntu abanokubhenela kuye. UDebra Pepler, ongumalathisi weLaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution kwiYork University yaseToronto, wahlolisisa indlela abaphathana ngayo abantwana xa besesikolweni waza wafumanisa ukuba sisi-4 ekhulwini kuphela seziganeko zokungcungcuthekiswa ezibhaqwa ngabafundisi-ntsapho baze bazilamle.

Ukanti, uGqr. Pepler ukholelwa ukuba kumele kuthatyathwe amanyathelo athile. Uthi: “Abantwana abanandlela yokucombulula le ngxaki kuba ingaphaya kwamandla abo, yaye ngalo lonke ixesha umngcungcuthekisi ehlasela omnye uziva enamandla ngakumbi.”

Ngoko kutheni zingachazwa zonke iziganeko zokungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu? Kungenxa yokuba abo bangcungcuthekiswayo bayazi ukuba ukuba bakhe bayixela le ngxaki, izinto ziya kuba mbi ngakumbi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, ulutsha oluninzi luhlala lunxunguphele yaye lunganqabisekanga ngalo lonke ixesha lusesikolweni. Yintoni imiphumo yokuphila ngaloo ndlela?

Imiphumo Yoku Emzimbeni Nasengqondweni

Ingxelo yeNational Association of School Psychologists yaseUnited States ithi suku ngalunye abantwana abangaphezu kwe-160 000 abayi esikolweni kuba boyika ukungcungcuthekiswa. Abantwana abangamaxhoba okungcungcuthekiswa basenokuyeka ukuthetha ngesikolo okanye ngeklasi okanye ngomsebenzi othile owenziwa esikolweni. Basenokuzama ukufika sele singenile isikolo okanye bangangeni kwiiklasi ezithile okanye bade bazingxengxezele ukuze bangayi kwaukuya esikolweni.

Banokubonwa njani abantwana abangcungcuthekiswayo esikolweni? Basenokusuka babe ntshingintshingi ngaphandle kwesizathu, babe nochuku, bakruquke okanye babonakale bediniwe okanye babe yiminyewu. Basenokuba neengcwangu xa besekhaya okanye xa bekunye noontanga nabahlobo babo. Nabo babukelayo xa kungcungcuthekiswa omnye bayachaphazeleka. Le meko ibabangela babe noloyiko, yaye loo nto iyabaphazamisa kwizifundo zabo.

Noko ke, iphephancwadi iPediatrics in Review lithi: “Owona mphumo ubuhlungu kakhulu kumaxhoba okungcungcuthekiswa nakubantu ngokubanzi lugonyamelo, kuquka ukuzibulala nokubulawa kwabanye abantu. Abantwana abangamaxhoba okungcungcuthekiswa baye bazive bengento yanto kangangokuba abanye babhenela ekuphileni ubomi bokungakhathali okanye babulale omnye umntu ngenjongo yokuziphindezela.”

UGqr. Ed Adlaf, osisazinzulu esingumphengululi nonjingalwazi wezempilo kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto, xa evakalisa inkxalabo anayo uthi, “abo babandakanyeke kwizenzo zokungcungcuthekisa basesichengeni sokuphazamiseka ngandlel’ ithile ngoku nakwixa elizayo.” Ngonyaka wama-2001, kwadliwan’ iindlebe nabafundi baseOntario abangaphezu kwama-225 000, yaye omnye kwabane nomnye kwabathathu kubo wakha wabandakanyeka kwizenzo zokungcungcuthekisa. Kwakwelo qela linye, om-1 kwabali-10 wakha wazama ukuzibulala.

Umntwana osoloko engcungcuthekiswa unokuziva ephelelwe sisidima, abe neengxaki ezinzulu zempilo ade atyhafe nakusukelo lomsebenzi ebefuna ukuwenza ebomini. Amaxhoba okungcungcuthekiswa anokusoloko eqaqanjelwa yintloko, aphelelwe bubuthongo ebusuku, anxunguphale yaye adandatheke. Abanye basenokuba noxinezeleko oludla ngokuhlasela umntu emva kwesiganeko esihlasimlis’ umzimba. Nangona ukuhlaselwa emzimbeni kunokubangela abantu babonakalise uvelwano kwixhoba, umntu onentlungu engaphakathi akanakufumana velwano lufanayo. Loo ntlungu anayo ngaphakathi ayibonakali. Ngoko kunokuba babonakalise uvelwano, abahlobo namalungu entsapho anokudikwa kukuva izikhalazo zalowo ulixhoba lokungcungcuthekiswa.

Nabo bangcungcuthekisa abanye bavuna imiphumo ebuhlungu. Ukuba abanqandwa besakhula, basenokungcungcuthekisa abanye xa sele besebenza. Eneneni, uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuba abantu ababengcungcuthekisa abanye ngoxa babesebancinane baqhubeka benaloo mikhwa nokuba sele bebadala. Kwakhona, badla ngokubandakanyeka kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho logama kungenjalo ngoninzi lwabo bangazange bangcungcuthekise abanye.

Indlela Echaphazeleka Ngayo Intsapho

Ukungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu emsebenzini kuphazamisa uxolo lwentsapho. Ukungcungcuthekiswa komntu kunokumbangela enze izinto ezinokuwakhathaza amalungu entsapho yakhe awathandayo. Ngapha koko, kunokubangela iqabane okanye ilungu lentsapho lilwe nomngcungcuthekisi ngelibonakalisa inkxaso kulowo ulixhoba. Kwelinye icala, iqabane lalowo ungcungcuthekiswayo linokumgxeka ngelithi nguye unobangela wale ngxaki. Xa le ngxaki iqhubeka ixesha elide ingaconjululwa, kwanamaqabane anikela inkxaso aye aphelelwe ngumonde. Njengoko iminyaka ihamba, intsapho isenokugqibela ngokuqhekeka.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukungcungcuthekiswa kudla ngokukhokelela ekubeni umntu aphelelwe ngumsebenzi, aphelelwe ngumdla ebomini, ahlukane neqabane lakhe aze aqhawule umtshato okanye ade azibulale. Kuthiwa kumaxhoba aseOstreliya angcungcuthekiswa emsebenzini, amalunga nesiqingatha namalunga namabini kwamathathu aye achaphazeleka kulwalamano lwawo namaqabane awo okanye namalungu eentsapho zawo.

Ukungcungcuthekisa Kuziindleko

Ukungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu emsebenzini kuziindleko kubaqeshi. Umntu ongcungcuthekisa abanye emsebenzini usenokuba ngumqeshi othetha kabukhali nabasebenzi, usenokuba ngumsebénzi oqulunqa amayelenqe, usenokuba libhinqa okanye indoda. Abantu abanjalo bayabacinezela abanye, baba nochuku ngezinto nje ezingenamsebenzi baze babasingele phantsi abanye ngokusoloko bethetha izinto ezibatyhafisayo bahlale bebagxeka, bephoxisa ngabo phambi kwabanye. Abantu abangcungcuthekisa abanye abafane bazibone xa benze ubukrwada okanye bacele uxolo ngento abayenzileyo. Badla ngokungcungcuthekisa abasebenzi abanobuchule emsebenzini, abanyanisekileyo nabathandwayo ngabanye abasebenzi.

Abasebenzi abangcungcuthekiswayo badla ngokungabi nampumelelo ingako emsebenzini. Nemveliso yabasebenzi ekungcungcuthekiswa omnye umsebénzi phambi kwabo iyachaphazeleka. Ukungcungcuthekiswa kunokubangela abasebenzi banganyaniseki kubaqeshi babo yaye bangazibhokoxi emsebenzini. Enye ingxelo ithi eUnited Kingdom, abantu abangcungcuthekisa abanye babangela ilahleko kwezoqoqosho, ethelekelelwa kwii-R24 zamawaka ezigidi nyaka ngamnye. Yaye kuthiwa oko kubangela ukuba abantu abangama-30 ekhulwini bagule zizifo ezibangelwa luxinezeleko.

Ngokucacileyo, ingxaki yokungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu ithwaxa ihlabathi lonke. Umbuzo ngulo, Ngaba ikho into enokwenziwa ukuze kuthintelwe le ngxaki nokuze ipheliswe?

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

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Amaxhoba okungcungcuthekiswa anokudakumba aze azive engamalolo

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Ukungcungcuthekiswa kwabantu emsebenzini kuxhaphake gqitha