Ukukhulelwa Kwabakwishumi Elivisayo—Ingxaki Egqugqise Ihlabathi Lonke

UKUKHULELWA kwabakwishumi elivisayo yingxaki enkulu. Noko ke, ubunzulu bale ngxaki bunokubonwa xa kuhlolisiswa indlela oku okuyichaphazela ngayo intombi ekwishumi elivisayo. Ubuncinane, iza kujamelana neenguqu eziza kuchaphazela yona, intsapho yakowayo nezihlobo zayo.

Abakwishumi elivisayo bakwixesha iBhayibhile elibiza ngokuba ‘yintlahla yobutsha’—ixesha abanomnqweno onzulu ngokwesini. (1 Korinte 7:36) Sekunjalo, ibiya kuba kukuzithabatha lula izinto ukuthi ingxaki yokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo ibangelwa kukungazisebenzisi izinto zokuthintela inzala. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ukukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo kubandakanya izinto eziliqela ezintsonkothileyo eziphathelele intlalo neemvakalelo.

Izinto Ezinegalelo

Uphando lubonisa ukuba oomama abaninzi abakwishumi elivisayo baphuma kumakhaya aqhekekileyo. “Ubomi bam bonke bendisoloko ndifuna ukuba nentsapho elungeleleneyo,” basoloko besitsho abakwishumi elivisayo abakhulelweyo. Ngokucacileyo ke ngoko, ukuqhekeka kweentsapho kunokuba negalelo kwingxaki yokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo. Kwiphulo lokuncedwa koomama abakwishumi elivisayo kwafunyaniswa ukuba ubukhulu becala “abanabuhlobo busondeleyo noonina yaye abanabuhlobo kwaphela nooyise.” UAnita, owaba nomntwana eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, uthi nangona unina owayengenamyeni wayesenza konke okusemandleni ukubanyamekela, uAnita wayenesingqukru ngenxa yokungabikho kukayise.

Amanye amantombazana aba nabantwana engatshatanga ngenxa yokudlwengulwa. Kwamanye, lo monakalo ushiya ukudandatheka okusenokubonakala kamva ngokusuka aziphathe ngokungakhathali. Ngokomzekelo, uJasmine wadlwengulwa xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Uthi: “Emva koko, ndandingakhathali enoba ndiyazenzakalisa. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-19 ubudala, ndakhulelwa.” Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunokwenza ubani azive engento yanto. UJasmine uthi: “Ndandiphelelwe sisidima.” NoAnita owayeziva ngendlela efanayo, uthi: “Ndaxhatshazwa ngokwesini ngumfana okwishumi elivisayo xa ndandineminyaka esi-7 neli-11 ubudala. Ndandizicaphukela. Ndandizibek’ ityala.” Wakhulelwa xa wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala.

Kwelinye icala, olunye ulutsha lwenzakaliswa kukuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukufun’ ukwazi. UNicole okhankanywe kwinqaku elandulelayo uthi: “Ndandicinga ukuba ndazi yonk’ into yaye ndinokwenza nantoni na endiyifunayo. Ngelishwa, ndandinokuba naye nomntwana.” UCarol, naye owaba nomntwana engatshatanga esemncinane waba neentlobano zesini ngenxa nje yokufun’ ukwazi. Uthi: “Ndandivakalelwa kukuba ndiyaphoswa.”

Ukungayazi into eyenzekayo xa ubani eba neentlobano zesini nako kunegalelo kule ngxaki. Ngokutsho kwesazi sezentlalo uKaren Rowlingson noStephen McKay, abanye abantu abaselula eBritani “abayazi kakuhle . . . into elindelekileyo xa abantu bethandana nento eyenzekayo xa ubani ekhulelwe.” Kubonakala ngathi olunye ulutsha aluyazi into edibanisa ukuba neentlobano zesini nokukhulelwa. Kolunye uphando, kuthiwa oomama abakwishumi elivisayo “babedla ngokumangaliswa okanye bothuswe kukufumanisa ukuba bakhulelwe nangona bengakhange basebenzise izinto zokuthintela inzala.”

Sekunjalo, eyona nto inegalelo gqitha ekukhulelweni kwabakwishumi elivisayo kukutshintsha kwendlela ekujongwa ngayo ukuba neentlobano zesini. Siphila kwixesha xa abantu ‘bethanda iziyolo kunokuba bathande uThixo.’ (2 Timoti 3:1-4) Abaphandi baseOstreliya uAilsa Burns noCath Scott bathi “ukuba neentlobano zesini ngaphandle komtshato kuye kwajongwa njengento engembi kangako ekuhlaleni, kwezonqulo nakwezoqoqosho.” Ukuba nomntwana ungatshatanga akuselohlazo kangako njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ukanti kwezinye iindawo, abakwishumi elivisayo basenokukugqala ukuba nomntwana njengembasa okanye iwonga elithile!

Imiphumo Edandathekisayo

Iingxaki zokuba nomntwana usekwishumi elivisayo azinqweneleki. Emva kokufumanisa ukuba akhulelwe, amantombazana adla ngokuvakalelwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphazamisayo. Amanye ayavuma ukuba othuka okanye adideka. IAmerican Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ithi: “Adla ngokuba nomsindo, azive enetyala yaye angafuni kuyamkela imeko akuyo.” Noko ke, ukungafuni ukuyamkela imeko akuyo kunokuba yingozi, kuba kunokwenza ukuba angafuni uncedo lwezonyango.

Emva kwalo “mdlalo uyingozi” wokuba neentlobano zesini, uElvenia uthi: “Ndandisoyika.” Amantombazana akhulelweyo amaninzi akanamntu anokuzityand’ igila kuye okanye aba neentloni kangangokuba angakwazi ukuthetha ngale nto komnye umntu. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba amanye aziva enetyala okanye esoyika ngokugqithiseleyo. Abaninzi abakwishumi elivisayo abakhulelweyo baba noxinezeleko olunzulu. UJasmine uthi: “Ndandingakhathali enoba ndingafa.”a

Enoba intombazana ivakalelwa njani ekuqaleni, ekugqibeleni kufuneka yenze uthotho lwezigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela yona nomntwana wayo. Kwinqaku elilandelayo kuza kuxutyushwa ngendlela amantombazana anokuzenza ngayo ezo zigqibo ngobulumko.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 7]

Inkcazelo Eyothusayo Ngokukhulelwa Kwabakwishumi Elivisayo

Nangona oku kulandelayo kubonisa imeko yaseUnited States, kukwabonisa neengxaki abajamelana nazo abakwishumi elivisayo abakhulelweyo ehlabathini lonke.

● Amantombazana ama-4 kwali-10 akhulelwa engekafiki kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala—amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo akhulelwayo angaphezu kwama-900 000 nyaka ngamnye.

● Oomama abakwishumi elivisayo abanokuba ngama-40 ekhulwini bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.

● Abantwana babazali abakwishumi elivisayo bayaxhatshazwa baze bangahoywa kunokuba kunjalo ngabantwana abanabazali abakhulileyo.

● Koomama abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-18 ubudala, ngoomama aba-4 kwabali-10 kuphela abagqibayo kwimfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo.

● Abafana abamalunga nama-80 ekhulwini abawatshati amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo abawenze nzima.

● Koomama abakwishumi elivisayo abatshatayo emva kokuba luzelwe usana, bangama-30 ekhulwini kuphela abaqhubeka betshatile; imitshato yabakwishumi elivisayo isecicini lokuqhekeka ngokuphindwe kabini kunemitshato yamabhinqa aneminyaka engama-25 ubudala.

● Abantwana boomama abakwishumi elivisayo badla ngokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha yaye bebancinane gqitha, nto leyo eyandisa amathuba okufa besebancinane, bangaboni, bangeva, babe neengxaki zokuphefumla, babe nezigulo zengqondo nesifo somnqonqo, bangakwazi ukufunda kakuhle baze badlamke ngokugqithiseleyo.

[Inkcazelo]

Athatyathwe kwincwadi ethi Not Just Another Single Issue: Teen Pregnancy Prevention’s Link to Other Critical Social Issues, The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, kaFebruwari 2002.

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Ukukhulelwa Kwabakwishumi Elivisayo Ehlabathini Lonke

EBRAZIL: Kuthiwa, “ngowe-1998 amantombazana angama-698 439 aneminyaka engaphantsi kweli-19 ubudala afumana abantwana kwiZibhedlele zaseBrazil . . . angama-31 857 kuwo ayeneminyaka ephakathi kwe-10 ne-14 ubudala, nto leyo ecace nakuthathatha ukuba mancinane gqitha ukuba anganabantwana.—IFolha de S. Paulo ka-Agasti 25, 1999.

EBRITANI: “IBritani lelona lizwe linamantombazana amaninzi akwishumi elivisayo anabantwana kwiNtshona Yurophu . . . Amantombazana anokuba ngama-90 000 akhulelwa eNgilani ngowe-1997. Amantombazana anokuba ngama-56 000 kuwo afumana abantwana yaye abakwishumi elivisayo abangama-90 ekhulwini abafumana abantwana ngowe-1997 babengatshatanga (abamalunga nama-50 000).”—ILone Parent Families, yowama-2002.

EMALAYSIA: “Abantwana abazalwa ngaphandle kweqhina lomtshato baye banda ukususela ngowe-1998 yaye inkoliso yoomama babo bantwana sele iza kugqiba iminyaka yeshumi elivisayo.”—INew Straits Times–​Management Times ka-Aprili 1, 2002.

ERASHIYA: “Phantse umntwana omnye kwabathathu ozelwe kunyaka ophelileyo eRashiya ngowomama ongatshatanga, nani elo eliliphinda kabini elaleminyaka ilishumi idluleyo yaye iingxelo zikarhulumente zibonisa ukuba lo ngumlinganiselo ongazange ubonwe ukususela ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Abantwana abangaphezu kwama-40 ekhulwini bazalwa ngoomama abakwishumi elivisayo.”—IThe Moscow Times, kaNovemba 29, 2001.

EUNITED STATES: “Nangona usihla umlinganiselo wokukhulelwa kwabakwishumi elivisayo, amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo ama-4 kwali-10 ayakhulelwa ubuncinane kanye ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engama-20 ubudala.”—IWhatever Happened to Childhood? The Problem of Teen Pregnancy in the United States, yowe-1997.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 5]

Xa abazali besahlukana, abakwishumi elivisayo baba semngciphekweni ongakumbi wokukhulelwa

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

Kubonakala ngathi olunye ulutsha aluyazi into edibanisa ukuba neentlobano zesini nokukhulelwa

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

Ukukhulelwa kuchaphazela intombazana, izalamane nezihlobo zayo