Iingozi Zokufuna Ubuhle

ZIZIPHI izinto ezijongwayo xa kukhangelwa ubuhle bokwenene? Ubuhle buchazwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Eneneni, buchazwa ngokwendlela mntu ngamnye abugqala ngayo. Ngapha koko, indlela exhaphakileyo yokuchaza ubuhle yahluke kakhulu ngokweentlanga ngeentlanga nangokwamaxesha.

UJeffery Sobal, ongunjingalwazi kwizifundo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zokutya eCornell University, eUnited States, uthi: “Ukutyhubela inkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, phantse zonke iintlobo zabantu zazinxulumanisa umzimba omkhulu newonga eliphezulu. Ukutyeba kwakujongwa njengempumelelo nokuba sempilweni ngoxa umntu obhityileyo wayegqalwa njengehlwempu elingenamali yokuthenga ukutya okwaneleyo.” Oko kubonakala kwimizobo emininzi yelo xesha, kuba ababonisi-mpahla—ubukhulu becala abangamabhinqa—babondlekile beneengalo, imilenze, iimpundu namahleza amakhulu. Yaye emininzi kule mizobo, yayiyimifanekiso yabantu ababegqalwa njengeembelukazi.

Loo ngcamango isekho nanamhlanje nangona ubuhle bungapheleli nje ekutyebeni okanye ekubhityeni. Sekunjalo, kwezinye iindawo ezikuMzantsi Pasifiki, ukutyeba kuxatyiswe kakhulu. Kwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika, iintombi eziza kutshata “ziyavalelwa zondliwe,” zinikwe ukutya okuninzi okunamafutha amaninzi ngenjongo yokuba zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi. Umnini wenye inightclub yaseNigeria uthi: “Ngokuqhelekileyo amabhinqa aseAfrika ondlekile . . . Bubuhle ke obo. Yindlela esibugqala ngayo ubuhle ke thina kweli.” Kwiindawo ezininzi zamaHispanic, umntu osisigantsontso ugqalwa njengofumileyo nonempumelelo.

Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo ezininzi kukho ingcamango eyahlukileyo. Ngoba? Abanye bathi ukurhwebelana kwamazwe nokwabelana ngeendlela zoshishino kwabangela ukuba ukutya kufumaneke ngezixa ezikhulu yaye kusasazwe kwiindawo ngeendawo yaye oko kwakhokelela ekubeni “amahlwempu” atye ukutya okwakufudula kufumaneka kwizityebi kuphela. Ngaloo ndlela, ukugqalwa komntu otyebileyo njengokudidi oluphezulu kwaya kuncipha ngokuncipha. Kwelinye icala, inkolelo yeecawa ezithile inxulumanisa ukutyeba nobudla-kudla yaye oku kuye kwabangela ukuba ukutyeba kungathandwa ncam. Enye into eye yabangela iimbono ezahlukahlukeneyo ebantwini, koko kuye kwafunyaniswa ziingcali zonyango ngokuphathelele iingozi zokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo. Ezi zinto sithethe ngazo kuquka nezinye ziye zanegalelo ekubetha-bethaneni kwezimvo ngokuphathelele ubuhle yaye kangangamashumi eminyaka ngoku, kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi kubalaseliswa ukubhitya njengento efanelekileyo.

Amajelo osasazo aye abangela ukuba le ngcamango ibetheleleke nangakumbi. Kwiibhodi zezibhengezo zentengiso nakumabonwakude kudla ngokuboniswa abantu abanemizinjana emincinane neyomeleleyo. Injongo yokuvezwa kwabo kukudlulisela ingcamango yokuba abantu abasebenzisa ezo zinto zibhengezwayo baya kunqabiseka yaye baphumelele. Kunjalo nangabo badlala kwiimovie nabasebenza kumajelo kamabonwakude.

Kubachaphazela njani oku abantu nje abaqhelekileyo, kuquka ulutsha? Inqaku lakutshanje ngokuphathelele imbonakalo yomzimba libonisa ukuba “umntwana waseMerika oyintombazana uya kuthi egqiba amabanga aphakamileyo, abe sele ebukele umabonwakude iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-22 000.” Ebudeni belo xesha, ubukhulu becala ubukele iimbelukazi ekuthiwa zinemizimba emihle. Eli nqaku lihlabela mgama lisithi: “Ngenxa yokubukela le mifanekiso ngokuphindaphindiweyo, amabhinqa anxulumanisa le mizimba mihle newonga, ulonwabo, uthando nempumelelo.” Ayimangalisi ke ngoko into yokuba, emva kokubona iifoto zababonisi-mpahla kwiphephancwadi, amantombazana angama-47 ekhulwini kulawo kwenziwa uphando kuwo aziva enyanzelekile ukuba ahlise umzimba ngoxa engama-29 ekhulwini kuphela lawo ayegqalwa njengatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo.

Ishishini leefashoni nalo linempembelelo kwindlela abantu ababugqala ngayo ubuhle. UJennifer, waseVenezuela ongumbonisi-mpahla nosebenza kwisiXeko saseMexico, uthi: “Umsebenzi wakho kukuba mhle yaye namhlanje oko kuthetha ukuthi kufuneka ubhitye.” Umbonisi-mpahla waseFransi ogama linguVanessa uthi: “Asikuko ukuba uyanyanzelwa ukuba ubhitye kodwa nguwe ofuna ukubhitya. Ukubhitya kusefashonini ehlabathini lonke.” Kumantombazana aselula ekwathethwa nawo ngalo mba, angama-69 ekhulwini kuwo avuma ukuba ngababonisi-mpahla abakumaphephancwadi abaye banegalelo kwindlela akugqala ngayo ukuba nomzimba omhle.

Kodwa asingomabhinqa kuphela athe phithi kukuba “nomzimba omhle.” Iphephandaba laseMexico, iEl Universal lithi: “Azizange zibe ninzi kangaka izinto ezilungiselelwe ukuphucula inkangeleko yamadoda kwiindawo zentengiso.”

Ngaba Ukufuna “Ubuhle” Kuba Nemiphumo Emihle?

Xa bezama ukuba ‘bahle’ abantu abaninzi babhenela ekwenzeni utyando lokuphucula inkangeleko. Aya esihla ngokuhla amaxabiso ahlawulwayo xa umntu esenza olu tyando yaye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo ziya zisiba ninzi. Lwaqala njani utyando lokuphucula inkangeleko?

Ngokutsho kwe-Encyclopædia Britannica, iindlela zobugcisa banamhlanje bokwenza utyando zaqala emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, xa kwakuzanywa ukulungisa iziphene ezibangelwe kukwenzakala emfazweni. Ukususela ngelo xesha, obu bugcisa buye baluncedo kakhulu xa kulungiswa iziphene ezibangelwe kukutsha, kukwenzakala ezingozini neziphene umntu azalwa enazo. Noko ke, njengoko iBritannica isitsho, iplastic surgery idla “ngokwenziwa ngabantu abaphile qete ngenjongo nje yokuphucula inkangeleko.” Ngokomzekelo, impumlo inokujikwa imiswe ngeny’ indlela, kunokuphungulw’ amanqatha ebusweni nasentanyeni, iindlebe zinokuncitshiswa, kunokuphungulw’ amanqatha esiswini nasemahlezeni, amalungu athile omzimba anokwandiswa yaye nenkaba inokwenziwa ibe “nomtsalane.”

Noko ke, kuthekani ngabantu abasempilweni abazibeka esichengeni kuba nje befuna ukuphucula inkangeleko yabo? Ziziphi iingozi abanokujamelana nazo? UAngel Papadopulos, ongunobhala kwiMexican Association of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, uthi maxa wambi olu hlobo lotyando lwenziwa ngabantu abangaqeqeshwanga kakuhle yaye oko kudala umonakalo omkhulu. Kwezinye iikliniki abantu banikwa izinto eziyingozi ukuze banciphise imizimba. Ekuqaleni kowama-2003, iphephandaba lanikela ingxelo yokuba iimeko ezingafanelekanga kwiindawo zokuphucula inkangeleko yabantu zabangela isishiqi esaba ngundaba-mlonyeni kwii Canary Islands, apho amakhulu amabhinqa aba ngamaxhoba okwenziwa utyando oluyingozi.a

Namadoda anokuthi phithi kukufuna “ubuhle.” Amanye achitha iiyure ezininzi ekwiindawo zokulolonga umzimba, phantse lonke ixesha angenzi nto ngalo alisebenzisela ukwakha izihlunu zomzimba. Iphephancwadi iMilenio lithi: “Ekugqibeleni, ngenxa yokuziva enyanzelekile ukuba alolonge umzimba, akasabandakanyeki kangako kwizinto ezenziwa ekuhlaleni yaye ulwalamano lwawo nabanye luyaphazamiseka.” Umnqweno wokufuna ukuba nezihlunu ezakhekileyo ubangela ukuba abaninzi bade basebenzise izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni kuquka isteroids.

Ukuzikhathaza ngenkangeleko ngokugqithiseleyo kuye kwabangela ukuba amanye amabhinqa aselula abe neengxaki zokutya, njengebulimia neanorexia nervosa. Abanye basebenzisa amayeza okubhityisa ekuthiwa xa umntu ewasebenzisa imiphumo uyibona ngokukhawuleza kodwa loo mayeza abe enganconyelwanga ziingcali zezonyango. Ukusebenzisa amayeza anjalo kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.

Iingozi ezibangelwa kukuzikhathaza ngokugqithiseleyo ngenkangeleko azibangeli monakalo emzimbeni kuphela. UGqr. Katherine Phillips waseBrown University, eUnited States, uthi abantu abazikhathaza ngokugqithiseleyo ngenkangeleko banokuphathwa sisigulo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yibody dysmorphic disorder, yaye abantu abagula sesi sifo bakhathazeka kakhulu ngeziphako abacinga ukuba banazo emizimbeni yabo. Esi sigulo sinokuhlasela umntu om-1 kwabangama-50. Uthi: “Abantu abanale ngxaki banokweyiseka kukuba babi kangangokuba banokuzenza amakheswa bangafuni ukudibana nabahlobo babo kunye nabanye abantu ababathandayo. Banokudandatheka bade bazame nokuzibulala.” Lo kaPhillips usichazela ngenye intwazana entle eyayinentwana nje yekhuphu kodwa yayeyisekile ukuba ubuso bayo buzele zizinxenxe. Ngenxa yokungafuni ukuba phakathi kwabantu, le ntwazana yayeka esikolweni xa ikwibanga lesithandathu.

Ngaba inkangeleko yomntu ibaluleke kangangokuba umele abeke impilo yakhe esichengeni kuba nje efuna “ubuhle”? Ngaba kukho uhlobo lobuhle olubaluleke ngakumbi, olo umntu afanele azabalazele ukulufikelela?

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 21]

Indlela amantombazana angama-69 ekhulwini, akugqala ngayo ukuba nomzimba omhle iphenjelelwa ngababonisi-mpahla abakumaphephancwadi

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 20]

Izibhengezo zentengiso zinempembelelo enamandla kwindlela abantu ababugqala ngayo ubuhle

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 22]

Abanye baye bazenzakalisa ngenxa yokwenza utyando lokuphucula inkangeleko ngendlela ebaxiweyo

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 23]

Bambi bazilahla nofele kuba befuna ubuhle