Wonke Umntu Uyalifuna Ikhaya
“Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphila kumgangatho ofanelekileyo ofanele impilo, intlalo-ntle yakhe neyentsapho yakhe, kuquka ukuba . . . nendlu.”—Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25.
ABANTU abaninzi abasebenza ezifama kwamanye amazwe baye bangabemi kwezo ndawo. Iintsapho ezininzi zihlala ngaphandle kwedolophu, kwipaki eneekharavani ezirentwa ngemali ephantsi ekuthiwa ziiparqueaderos. Apha iinkonzo ezisisiseko njengendlu yangasese, amanzi, nenkqubo yokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma zikumgangatho ophantsi okanye azikho kwaukubakho. Omnye umcholacholi weendaba wayichaza le ndawo “njengehlwempuzekileyo kangangokuba nabantu abasebenza ezifama banemali eyaneleyo yokuhlala apho.”
Kwiminyaka emithathu edluleyo, xa abasemagunyeni bengazange baphinde bavumele mntu ukuba ahlale kuloo ndawo, ezinye iintsapho zathengisa ezo kharavani zaza zafudukela phakathi edolophini kwizindlu, amagumbi aqeshisayo nakwiigaraji ezisele zixinene ngabantu. Ezinye zathutha izinto zazo zaza zafudukela kwezinye iindawo, zikhangela indawo eziza kugodukela kuyo emva kwesivuno ngasinye—indawo enokuba likhaya.
Ngaba unendawo ethile ocinga ngayo kuMbindi okanye kuMzantsi Merika? Ngaba ikho indawo enjalo eMerika? Le paki ineekharavani ikufutshane nedolophu yaseMecca emazantsi eKhalifoniya, eUnited States, umgama ongaphantsi kweyure xa uhamba ngemoto usinge ngakwimpuma yesixeko esifumileyo iPalm Springs. Nangona abantu abaninzi eUnited States benezindlu kunokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili yaye ingeniso yentsapho ngonyaka yayimalunga nee-$42,000 (R257 000) ngowama-2002, kuqikelelwa ukuba eMerika iintsapho ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezihlanu zihlala kwizindlu ezingekho mgangathweni.
Imeko inzima kakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo. Phezu kwazo nje iinkqubo zezopolitiko, ezentlalo, nezonqulo, le ngxaki yehlabathi lonke yokungabi namakhaya iya ithabath’ unyawo.
Ingxaki Esehlabathini Lonke
Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labantu abahlala ematyotyombeni emhlabeni wonke lingaphezu kwewaka lesigidi. Iingcali zaseBrazil zicinga ukuba ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kuza kubangela “ukwanda kwamatyotyombe kwelo lizwe, aze abe nabantu abaninzi nabangaphezulu kwabo bakwizixeko awayeqale ukwakhiwa kuzo.” Kwezinye izixeko zaseNigeria abantu abangaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini bahlala kwizindlu ezingamabhodlo nasematyotyombeni. Ngonyaka wama-2003 uSosiba-jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo uKofi Annan wathi: “Ukuba akukho nto yenziwayo, kuqikelelwa ukuba liza kwanda liye kufikelela kwiwaka lesigidi inani labantu abahlala ematyotyombeni ehlabathini lonke kwiminyaka engama-30 ezayo.”
Noko ke, la manani angasentla othusayo akawuchazi umgangatho ophantsi abaphila kuwo abantu abangamahlwempu. Ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, abantu abakumazwe asakhasayo angaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini abanazo izindlu zangasese, inkqubo yokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma, ama-33 ekhulwini akafumani manzi acocekileyo, ama-25 ekhulwini akanamakhaya, ama-20 ekhulwini akalufumani unyango lwezi mini. Inkoliso yabantu abahlala kumazwe ahambele phambili abanakuhlalisa nezinja okanye iikati zabo kwimeko enjalo.
Ilungelo Lomntu Wonke
Ukuba nendlu esemgangathweni ngokuqhelekileyo yeyona nto isisiseko abantu abayifunayo. IUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, eyamkelwa ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngowe-1948 yathi wonke umntu unelungelo lokuphila ngendlela esemgangathweni, kuquka nokuba nendlu enjalo. Eneneni, wonk’ umntu uyayifuna indlu esemgangathweni.
Mvanje, ngowe-1996, amazwe amaninzi amkela oko kwabizwa ngokuba yiUN’s Habitat Agenda. Olu xwebhu luchaza izivumelwano ezenziwayo zokubonelela abantu bonke ngezindlu ezisemgangathweni. Emva koko, ngoJanuwari 1, ngowama-2002, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zaye zasiqinisekisa ngakumbi esi sivumelwano, kuba siye saqukwa kwizicwangciso zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.
Okuhlekisayo kukuba, amanye amazwe afumileyo aye ahlaziya imizamo yawo yokwakha enyangeni nokuya kuMars, nakuba inani elandayo labantu lingenawo amakhaya asemgangathweni apha emhlabeni. Ikuchaphazela njani wena le ngxaki yezindlu? Ngaba likho ithemba lokwenene lokuba ngenye imini bonke abantu baya kuba namakhaya atofotofo?
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Ngoxa amanye amazwe ejonge ukwakha enyangeni abantu abaninzi abanazo izindlu ezisemgangathweni apha emhlabeni
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INTSAPHO EZIMBACU YASEASIA.
Kwesinye isixeko kukho iintsapho ezingama-3 500 ezihlala ezintenteni, eziswele amanzi, izindlu zangasese nenkqubo yokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma
[Inkcazelo]
© Tim Dirven/Panos Pictures
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EMNTLA MERIKA