Ukuhlala Kufuphi Nentaba-mlilo Esenokuqhushumba
Iintaba-mlilo zisoloko zisothusa. Zisenokungaqhushumbi kangangeenkulungwane, kodwa zinokusuke nje zidubule zize zibulale abantu abaninzi. Ngemizuzwana nje intaba-mlilo inokwenza idolophana ibe yingqushu ize ibulale abantu.
AKUKHO mntu unokuyithandabuza into yokuba iintaba-mlilo ziyingozi. Ziye zabulala abantu abangamakhulu amawaka ebudeni beenkulungwane ezintathu ezidluleyo. Kakade ke, uninzi lwethu luhlala kude nemimandla eneentaba-mlilo, kodwa izigidi zabantu zihlala kanye kwimimandla eneentaba-mlilo. Ngokomzekelo, eQuito, ikomkhulu lase-Ecuador, ekude kufuphi nasePichincha, kukho intaba-mlilo kumntla-ntshona weso sixeko. IMount Popocatepetl, igama layo elithetha “iNtaba Eqhumayo” ngokolwimi lwama-Aztec imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-60 kwisiXeko saseMexico. Izixeko ezikhulu zaseAuckland, iNew Zealand, iNaples, neItali zikwindawo ekufuphi neentaba-mlilo. Izigidi zabantu ziphila zisazi ukuba ngeny’ imini kuya kuze kuqhushumbe intaba-mlilo.
Intaba-mlilo Eyingozi
Abemi baseNaples bebehlala kufuphi neNtaba iVesuvius kangangeminyaka engama-3 000. Le ntaba imalunga neekhilomitha ezili-11 ukusuka eNaples. Iyinduli eyaphuma kwiMonte Somma. IVesuvius iphakathi kwezona ntaba-mlilo ziyingozi emhlabeni. Ekubeni ingaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle, le ntaba inkulu kakhulu kunokuba ibonakala.
Ukutyhubela imbali iNtaba iVesuvius ibidla ngokuqhushumba. Iye yadubula kangangezihlandlo ezingaphezu kwezingama-50 ukususela ekudubuleni kwayo ngowe-79 C.E. yaye ngoko yatshabalalisa izixeko zasePompeii naseHerculaneum. Abantu abamalunga nama-4 000 babulawa kukuqhushuba kwale ntaba-mlilo ngowe-1631.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane iVesuvius iye yaqhubeka ibila kancinane. Iye yadubula ngowe-1944 ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaye amajoni omkhosi ayegqunyelelwe luthuthu. Iidolophu ezikufuphi zaseMassa naseSan Sebastiano zazigqunywe luthuthu njengokuba kwakunjalo ngenqwelo ekuyiwa ngayo entabeni.”
Namhlanje abemi baseNaples baphila nje bengayinanzanga ingozi ekufuphi. Abakhenkethi bakuvuyela gqitha ukubona izakhiwo ezinokuthanani nembali neziyilwe kakuhle. Iivenkile ziyazala yaye kuzala izikhephe elunxwemeni lwaseNaples. Abantu bayatsaleleka kwiVesuvius yaye abayijongi njengendawo eyingozi.
IAuckland—IsiXeko Seentaba-mlilo
Isixeko esikwalizibuko saseAuckland, iNew Zealand, sizele ziinduli zeentaba-mlilo. Bangaphezu kwesigidi abemi abahlala kwimimandla eneentaba-mlilo ezincinane ezingama-48. Iintaba-mlilo zamandulo zabangela kwabakho amazibuko amabini, yaye kuye kwakheka iziqithi ezineentaba-mlilo. Isiqithi iRangitoto sineminyaka engama-600 sikho, yaye naso siyinduli ethe gqi emanzini njengokuba kunjalo ngeVesuvius. Xa intaba-mlilo yabangela kwakho isiqithi, idolophana eMaori ekufuphi yaba yingqushu.
Abantu baseAuckland baziqhelile iintaba-mlilo. Intaba-mlilo ebizwa ngokuba yiMaungakiekie, namhlanje yipaki kawonke-wonke, ikwayifama yeegusha yaye isembindini we-Auckland. Ezinye iindawo eziba nentaba-mlilo ngoku ngamachibi, iipaki namabala emidlalo. Enye indawo ngamangcwaba. Abahlali abaninzi bakhetha ukuhlala kwezi ndawo zazineentaba-mlilo ngenxa yokuba ziindawo ezintle.
Abantu bokuqala ukuhlala eAuckland yayingabaseMaori kwaza kamva kangangeminyaka eli-180 edluleyo kwahlala abaseYurophu, yaye kubonakala ngathi akuzange kucingwe ngokuqhushumba kwale ndawo ngaphambili. Umhlaba wawumkhulu ukufuphi nolwandle yaye wawuchumile. Umhlaba uyachuma nakweminye imimandla eba nentaba-mlilo. Ngokomzekelo, eIndonesia irayisi ilinywa kwimimandla eyayinentaba-mlilo. Imimandla ekulinywayo kuyo kwintshona yeUnited States inomhlaba owawukhe wanentaba-mlilo. Umhlaba owawugqunywe yintaba-mlilo enyibilikileyo kunokukhula kuwo izityalo kungaphelanga nonyaka emva kwentaba-mlilo.
Izixhobo Zokulumkisa
Abantu abaninzi basenokubuza, ‘Ngaba ukuhlala kufuphi neendawo ezineentaba-mlilo akuthethi kuthi sibeka ubomi esichengeni?’ Impendulo ngu-ewe. Kodwa izazinzulu ziyakwazi ukubona xa kuza kubakho iinyikima neentaba-mlilo. Ngokomzekelo, iUnited States Geological Survey ibek’ esweni iindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ziintaba-mlilo ehlabathini lonke—kuquka nezo ziseNaples naseAuckland, apho kukho iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangaphambili. Zisebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlola intaba-mlilo neenyikima, izazinzulu zinako ukubona ukushukuma komhlaba intaba-mlilo ingekaqali.
INtaba iVesuvius isoloko ihlolwa. Exhalabe ngokugqith’ emgceni ukuze aphephe ingozi, amagunya aseItali aye alungiselela kwangaphambili ukuze akwazi ukumelana nentaba-mlilo njengaleyo yowe-1631. Iingcali zithi abantu abahlala kwindawo ethandwa ziintaba-mlilo bafanele balunyukiswe ukuze bafuduke ngaphambi kokuba kudubule intaba-mlilo.
IAuckland ikwindawo izazinzulu ezithi ithandwa ziintaba-mlilo. Kunokuba kugqabhuke intaba-mlilo esele ikho, kuvuka enye kwenye indawo. Iingcali zithi oku kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kweenyikima eziye zakho kangangeentsuku ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela. Ukulumkisa abantu kusengaphambili kubanika ithuba lokufuna ikhusi kummandla okhuselekileyo.
Ukusoloko Ucinga Ngengozi
Nangona ukuhlola iintaba-mlilo kuyinto ebalulekileyo kodwa akuncedi ukuba abantu abazithobeli izilumkiso. Ngowe-1985 eArmero, eColombia, amagunya alumkiswa ngentaba-mlilo eyayikwintaba iNevado del Ruiz. Ngoxa intaba yaqalisa ukudilika malungu nama-50 eekhilomitha mgama ngalo ndlela ilumkisa abantu abahlala edolophini, baxelelwa ukuba bahlale bezolile. Udaka oluninzi olwagubungela isixeko lwabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-21 000.
Nangona iintlekele ezinjalo zinqabile, ezo ziqabu zimana zibakho ziye zavulel’ ithuba lokuba kuphandwe kuze kulungiselelwe ezayo. Noko ke, ukuqhubeka kuhlolwa, ukulungiselela izinto ezifanelekileyo, nokufundisa abantu ngeentaba-mlilo kunokunceda kunciphise iingozi ezinokwehlela abo bahlala kwiindawo ezineentaba-mlilo.
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YILUNGELE INTLEKELE!
Ngaba uyilungele intlekele yemvelo? Zazi iindawo eziyingozi kummandla ohlala kuwo. Yicebeni kusengaphambili indawo eniza kudibana kuyo ukuba amalungu entsapho aye ahlukana nomntu eniya kumazisa apho nikhoyo. Kufanele kubekho izinto eziluncedo kuquka ukutya, amanzi, izinto zoncedo olungxamisekileyo, iimpahla, isixhobo sokuthumela nokwamkela umyalezo, itotshi neebhetri. Yiba nezinto ezaneleyo eziza kunceda kangangeentsuku eziliqela.
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Iindwendwe zihamba kufuphi neNtaba iVesuvius
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©Danilo Donadoni/Marka/age fotostock
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 15]
INaples, i-Itali, ziphambi kweNtaba iVesuvius
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© Tom Pfeiffer
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Umfanekiso womzobi wentaba-mlilo yowe-79 C.E., eyonakalisa isixeko sasePompeii nesaseHerculaneum
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© North Wind Picture Archives
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IRangitoto, esinye kwiziqithi zaseAuckland esithanda ukuba nentaba-mlilo
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Ngasentla nangasekunene: INtaba iPopocatepetl, eMexico
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AFP/Getty Images
Jorge Silva/AFP/Getty Images
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USGS, Cascades Volcano Observatory