IKamchatka—Indawo Entle YaseRashiya EkwiPasifiki

UMBHALI KAVUKANI! ERASHIYA

KWIMINYAKA engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu eyadlulayo, abahloli bamazwe baseRashiya ababesinge empuma benqumla eAsia bafika kusingasiqithi oneentaba ezingezantsi kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki nezazisahlula uLwandle lweOkhotsk kuLwandle lweBering. Eli lizwe elikhulu nje kancinane kuneItali nelihle ngendlela engaqhelekanga, alaziwa kangako ngabantu.

IKamchatka phantse iphakame ngendlela efanayo neziQithi zaseBritani yaye inemozulu epholileyo. Ebusika akubandi kangako ngaselwandle, kodwa kwimimandla ekude nonxweme kubakho ikhephu elinokuba ziimitha ezi-6 ubunzulu yaye maxa wambi liba ziimitha ezili-12! Ehlotyeni, kubakho inkungu nezivunguvungu zomoya. Izantyalantyala zemvula ezina kumhlaba waseKamchatka oyintaba-mlilo zibangela kuhlume izinto ezininzi, kuquka iindidi ngeendidi zamaqunube, ingca ende, neentyatyambo zasendle ezintle, kuquka neerozi.

Phantse isiqingatha salo mhlaba sigqunywe ngamatye okanye iErman nomthi ekuthiwa ngumbirch, yaye isiqu namasebe alo mthi agobile ngenxa yemimoya enamandla nekhephu elininzi. Ekubeni lo mthi womelele yaye uthabath’ ixesha elide ukukhula, ngokuqhelekileyo womelele yaye iingcambu zawo ziyabambelela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba lo mthi ukhule naphi na—enoba kuseliweni! Lo mthi uphum’ amagqabi ngoJuni, ngamaxesha amaninzi xa kusekho ikhephu, uze ujike ube mthubi ngoAgasti, usandulela ubusika.

Iintaba-mlilo Nemithombo Yamanzi Ashushu

Ekubeni le ndawo ikummandla obizwa ngokuba yiRing of Fire—indawo ethandwa kakhulu ziinyikima emazantsi oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki—eKamchatka kukho iintaba-mlilo ezingama-30 ezisaqhushumbayo. Kuthiwa iKlyuchevskaya “yinduli entle ngendlela emangalisayo” yaye iziimitha ezingama-4 750 ngaphezu kolwandle, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona ntaba-mlilo inkulu esaqhushumbayo eYurophu naseAsia. Ukususela ngowe-1697—unyaka abafika ngawo abahloli bamazwe baseRashiya eKamchatka—le ntaba-mlilo iye yaqhushumba izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-600.

Ngonyaka we-1975 nowe-1976 kwaqhushumba intaba-mlilo kwimfanta eyayikummandla waseTolbachik eyabangela “idangatye” elingaphezu kweemitha ezingama-2 500 ukuphakama! Kwagqekreza umbane kuloo mafu anothuthu. Loo mmandla waqhushumba phantse kangangonyaka onesiqingatha, nto leyo eyabangela kwakho iinduli ezintsha ezine zentaba-mlilo. Kwatsha amachibi nemilambo, kwatshabalala amahlathi ukusa ezingcanjini zawo. Amathafa amakhulu aguquka ayintlango.

Ngethamsanqa, ezi ntaba-mlilo zaqhushumba kwimimandla ethe qelele ebantwini, yaye bambalwa abantu abafayo. Kodwa iindwendwe zifanele zilumkele nenye into, ingakumbi xa zisiya kwiValley of Death, esemazantsi entaba-mlilo iKichpinych. Xa umoya ungavuthuzi, ingakumbi ngexesha lokunyibilika komkhenkce entwasahlobo, le ntlambo izaliswa ziigesi ezinetyhefu zentaba-mlilo, nto leyo ebulala izilwanyana ezininzi zasendle. Ngesiny’ isihlandlo, kule ntlambo kwakuqungquluze izidumbu ezilishumi zeebhere kuquka nenyambalala yezilwanyana ezincinane.

Umngxuma omkhulu owaziwa ngokuba yiUzon unodaka olubilayo namachibi anobulembu obuyimibalabala. Kwakule ndawo inye kukho iValley of Geysers, eyafunyanwa ngowe-1941. Kule mithombo ishushu kutsaz’ amanzi rhoqo emva kwemizuzu emibini okanye emithathu, yaye eminye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Iindwendwe zithuthwa ngeehelikopta ukuya kwezi ndawo zintle, ezikwiikhilomitha ezinokuba li-180 ngasentla kwesixeko sasePetropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy. Noko ke, kule ndawo akuvunyelwa zindwendwe zininzi ngexesha ukuze zingonakalisi indalo elapha eceke-ceke. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kummandla waseKamchatka kukho iindawo ezintandathu eziye zakhuselwa zaze zagqalwa njengeeNdawo Ezibalulekileyo Ehlabathini.

EKamchatka kukho amachibi amaninzi ashushu, yaye uninzi lwawo aneqondo lobushushu elingama-30 ukusa kuma-40 ngokukaCelsius nto leyo evuyelwa gqitha ziindwendwe kwezo nyanga zininzi zibandayo zasebusika. Kwakhona kuye kwasetyenziswa obu bushushu bomhlaba ukuvelisa umbane. Enyanisweni, iziko lokuqala laseRashiya lombane ofumaneka kubushushu bomhlaba lakhiwa kulo singasiqithi.

Iibhere, Iintlanzi Noonomakhwezana

EKamchatka kukho iibhere ezinebala elimdaka ezinokuba ngama-10 000. Zidla ngokuba ziikhilogram ezili-150 ukusa kwezingama-200 ubunzima nangona zinokukhula zide zibuphindaphinde phantse kathathu obo bunzima ukuba azibulawanga. Kwiintsomi zomthonyama zamaItelmen, ibhere ‘yayingumhlobo,’ yaye ezi zilwanyana zazihlonelwa. Obu buhlobo baphela xa kwafik’ imipu. Ngoku abalondolozi bendalo banxubile ngenxa yokubulawa kwezi zilwanyana.

Iibhere ziyaboyika abantu yaye azifane zibonakale. Kodwa ngoJuni, xa iintlanzi ekuthiwa ziisalmon ziqalisa ukuzala amaqanda emilanjeni, iibhere ziza zininzi zize zitye iintlanzi, yaye ibhere enye inokutya iintlanzi ezingama-24! Yintoni le ibangela zitye ukutya okuninzi kangaka? Ehlotyeni, iibhere zimele ziqokelele amafutha amaninzi anokuzigcina ziphila kwiinyanga zobusika xa ukutya kunqongophele, ixesha ezilichitha zilele kwimiqolomba yazo ukuze zonge amandla.

Enye intaka ekuthandayo ukutya iisalmon lukhozi ekuthiwa siSteller, intaka entle nenamaphiko anokuba ziimitha ezisisi-2,5 ububanzi. Phantse wonke umzimba wale ntaka umnyama ize ibe nebala elimhlophe emagxeni nomsila osicaba omhlophe. Ekubeni ngoku zinokuba ngama-5 000 yaye liqhubeka lisihla inani lezi ntaka, ngoku zifumaneka kuphela kulo mmandla wehlabathi yaye ngamaxesha athile nakwiziqithi zaseAlaska, eAleutian nasePribilof. Minyaka le ezi ntaka zihlala kwindlwana enye, ziyilungisa zize ziyandise. Enye indlwana yayiziimitha ezintathu ububanzi, inzima kangangokuba umthi wombirch eyayakhiwe kuwo wacandeka.

Abantu Abahlala EKamchatka

Inkoliso yabantu abahlala eKamchatka ngamaRashiya, kodwa kusekho nabemi abaliqela bomthonyama, yaye elona qela likhulu ngamaKoryak, ahlala ngasemntla. Amanye amaqela akhoyo ngamaChukchi namaItelmen, yaye sizwe ngasinye sithetha ulwimi lwaso. Inkoliso yabemi baseKamchatka bahlala ePetropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, ikomkhulu lalapho. Inkoliso yabantu kulo singasiqithi bahlala ngokugqagqeneyo, yaye kwinkoliso yeedolophana zalapha kufikelelwa kuphela ngesikhephe okanye inqwelo-moya.

Abantu balapha barhweba ngeentlanzi noononkala. Oononkala ababomvu baseKamchatka bathandwa gqitha. Aba baba ziimitha ezisisi-1,7 ubukhulu, yaye kuba yimibalabala kwiitafile ekuthengiselwa kuzo.

Ukususela ngowe-1989, amaNgqina kaYehova aye atyelela eKamchatka ecinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokuloba. ‘Njengabalobi babantu,’ ebeshumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo kubantu baseKamchatka. (Mateyu 4:19; 24:14) Abanye baye bazamkela iindaba ezilungileyo yaye ngoku banceda abanye ukuze bamazi baze bamnqule uMdali, uYehova uThixo, kunokunqula indalo yakhe. Ngenxa yoku, abantu abaninzi bayakhululeka ekoyikeni imimoya engcolileyo. (Yakobi 4:7) Kwakhona bafunda ukuba kwixesha elizayo emhlabeni wonke, buya kube bungekho ububi nabenzi bobubi, yaye umhlaba uya “kuzaliswa kukwazi uYehova njengamanzi egubungele ulwandle.”—Isaya 11:9.

[Ibhokisi/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 18]

ISIDIBI ESIHLE GQITHA SENTABA-MLILO

EUzon kukho isidibi esabangelwa yintaba-mlilo mandulo esinokuba ziikhilomitha ezili-10 ububanzi. Enye incwadi ithi, ubuhle beendonga zaso eziyimixethuka siyibangele “yaduma gqitha iKamchatka.” Kwesi sidibi kukho amachibi anamanzi abandayo nashushu, nodaka olubilayo, udaka lwentaba-mlilo, amachibi anyakazela iintlanzi namadada aneentamo ezinde, nezityalo ezininzi.

Incwadi ethi Miracles of Kamchatka Land ithi “phantse ayikho enye indawo Emhlabeni” ebantle ngale ndlela ekwindla nenexesha lasekwindla elifutshane kangaka. Amathafa alapha amakhulu azaliswe ziintyatyambo ezimthubi zomthi wombirch ngoxa kwiindawo ezithile udaka olushushu lukhupha umphunga omhlophe onyukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni esiluhlaza. Kwangentlazane, uya kuva ihlathi “licula” njengokuba amagqabi amaninzi anamacwecwe ekhephu enkenteza njengoko esiwa emhlabeni, esitsho ngentsholo ezolileyo evakalisa ukufika kobusika.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 19]

ICHIBI ELIYINGOZI!

Ngowe-1996 intaba-mlilo ekwakucingwa ukuba ayisoze idubule yaqhushumba ngaphantsi kwiChibi iKarymsky, ivumbulula amaza aziimitha ezilishumi ukuphakama nawatshabalalisa onke amahlathi akufuphi nalapho. Ngexesha nje elingephi, elo chibi lalineasidi eninzi kangangokuba kwakungekho nto inokuphila apho. Noko ke, uAndrew Logan, ongumphandi, uthi akuzange kufunyanwe zilwanyana zifileyo kufuphi nelo chibi, phezu kwalo nje uthuthu olwaphuma kwintaba-mlilo nolwaluzalise olo nxweme. Uthi: “Ngaphambi kokuba le ntaba-mlilo iqhushumbe, kuthiwa kweli Chibi leKarymsky kwakukho inkitha yeentlanzi (inkoliso yazo iziisalmon netrout). Emva kokuqhushumba kwentaba-mlilo, akuzange kuphinde kubekho nto iphilayo kweli chibi. Noko ke, kwasinda iintlanzi ezininzi.” Izazinzulu zicingela ukuba kwabakho nto ithile eyazilumkisayo—mhlawumbi ukuguquka kwamanzi—zaza zabalekela kuMlambo iKarymsky okufuphi.

[Imaphu ekwiphepha 16]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

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