Ibhulorho Eyakhiwa Kaninzi
NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EBULGARIA
IBHULORHO yaseLovech ingxabalaze phezu koMlambo iOsŭm kumntla-mbindi weBulgaria. Esi sakhiwo sibukekayo, sinembali echulumancisayo, ngokufana nqwa nabantu baloo ngingqi.
Omnye wabantu bokuqala ngqa ukutsalel’ ingqalelo kule bhulorho sisazi ngokwakhiwa komhlaba, uAmi Boué waseOstriya, owatyelela eLovech ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Wabhala ngayo eyichaza ngokuba “yibhulorho eyakhiwe ngamatye, enophahla neendonga nothotho lweevenkile ezincinane emacaleni.” Ewe, le bhulorho ikhethekileyo yaseLovech, yayisetyenziswa zizithuthi, yaye ikwayindawo yezorhwebo! Ngoko yayidumile ekuhlaleni.
Ngaphambili, le bhulorho yamatye yaseLovech, yayikade yakhiwe ngamaplanga. Kodwa ebudeni beminyaka yayisonakaliswa kaninzi zizikhukula ize yakhiwe kwakhona. Ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1872 le bhulorho yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo zizikhukula, baza abantu basala bengenandlela yakuwelela ngaphaya komlambo.
Ukuyilungisa kwakungazukuba lula. Ngoko kwaqeshwa umakhi odumileyo waseBulgaria ogama linguKolyo Ficheto ukuba akhe ibhulorho entsha eyomelele ngakumbi.
Ibhulorho Entsha
Lo kaFicheto wagqiba ekubeni ayakhe le bhulorho ifane neyangaphambili, ibe nophahla neendonga kwakunye neevenkile ezincinane emacaleni. Ukuze yomelele ngakumbi le bhulorho inobude obuziimitha ezingama-84 nobubanzi obuziimitha ezili-10, wafakela iintsika ezomeleleyo zokuyixhasa embindini, ezazingqukuva. Ezi ntsika ezazinobude beemitha ezi-5, icala lazo elitsolo lijonge kwicala ovela ngakulo umlambo, zazinomtsalane ngokwenene. Embindini wezi ntsika kwakukho imingxuma emikhulu ukuze amanzi omlambo akwazi ukuphumela kuyo. Emantla azo, lo kaFicheto waleka amaplanga omeleleyo omoki. Yona ibhulorho uqobo kunye neevenkile ezingama-64 ezikuyo zakhiwa ngamaplanga omthi obizwa ngokuba yibeech. Uphahla nalo lwalwakhiwe ngamaplanga afanayo lwaza lwaxhaswa ngeentsimbi.
Enye into ebangel’ umdla ngendlela uFicheto awayakha ngayo le bhulorho kukuba, endaweni yokuyidibanisa ngeentsimbi nezikhonkwane embindini, wenza iincam eziphumileyo zamaplanga kwelinye icala aye wazigxumeka kwiintunja ezikwelinye icala. Umgangatho wenziwa ngamaplanga aza agqunywa ngamatye amancinane. Iifestile ezincinane emacaleni nemingxuma eseluphahleni, zazingenisa ukukhanya kwelanga emini. Ebusuku kwakukhanyiswa ngezibane zegesi. Kwathabatha iminyaka emithathu ukwakhiwa kwale bhulorho [1].
Oko Kwakusenziwa Kule Bhulorho
Kwakusenziwa ntoni kule bhulorho? Phawula indlela elichaza ngayo elinye ingqina lokuzibonela: “Kwakuphithizela abathengisi nabantu abehla benyuka bengazihoyanga nganto iimoto ezigqithayo neenqwelo zamahashe needonki, kuvakala ingxolo yabantu neengcibi . . . noosomashishini abakhwazayo bebhengeza izinto abazithengisayo. Wawuba ngathi ukwenye indawo xa ukule bhulorho. Iivenkile zayo ezincinane nezimibalabala zazizaliswe zizinto ezenziwe ngomqhaphu, izacholo, ndibala ntoni na.”
Le bhulorho yayingeyondawo yoshishino kuphela, yayikwayindawo yokuzonwabisa, ekubeni oosomashishini abaninzi babekwaziimvumi. Ingqina lokuzibonela elicatshulwe ngaphambilana lathi: “Kwigumbi lokucheba iinwele kwakubakho abachebi abahlanu okanye abathandathu ababenganeli nje ngokucheba, kodwa ababekwaziimvumi ezivunyiweyo ezikwadlala nezixhobo zomculo. Zazisoloko zizinika ixesha lokucula, yaye abantu babekuvuyela ukulinda de zigqibe.” Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, abanye babo bachebi beenwele baba ngabokuqala ukuseka iqela lomculo elalibizwa ngokuba yiOkhestra Yabachebi.
Yehl’ Intlekele
Kangangesiqingatha senkulungwane, ibhulorho kaFicheto yamelana nezikhukula, iimfazwe, nezinye iintlekele. Kodwa ngengokuhlwa ka-Agasti 2/3, 1925, kwalephuza amadangatye omlilo esibhakabhakeni kwidolophu yaseLovech njengoko loo bhulorho ithi ndijonge yatsha yaluthuthu. Kwenzeka njani oku? Kude kube ngoku, akukho mntu waziyo ngokuqinisekileyo enoba loo mlilo wantunyekwa ngempazamo okanye ngabom. Ngoko iLovech yaphinda yasala ingenayo ibhulorho yokuwelela ngaphesheya komlambo.
Ngowe-1931 kwaphinda kwagqitywa ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho entsha enophahla neendonga, kunye neevenkile ezincinane emacaleni [2]. Noko ke, kunokuba asebenzise amaplanga namatye, umakhi omtsha wasebenzisa iintsimbi nesamente. Indlela eyakhiwa ngayo yayahluke kakhulu kuleyo kaFicheto. Uphahla lwalwenziwe ngeglasi, yaye ummandla webhulorho osembindini wawungenazo iindonga emacaleni. Ngowe-1981/82 le bhulorho yaphinda yakhiwa ngendlela uKolyo Ficheto awayeyakhe ngayo ekuqaleni [3].
Ibhulorho yaseLovech iyindumasi kule dolophu yaye ibalaselisa ubugcisa babakhi bayo. Namhlanje le bhulorho iseliqhayiya labemi balapho kunye neendwendwe ezinyuka zisehla kuyo.
[Imaphu ekwiphepha 22]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
IBULGARIA
ISOFIA
ILovech
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 23]
Photo 2: From the book Lovech and the Area of Lovech