Ubomi Bomntu Oyialbhino

NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EBENIN

“XA NDIZALISA ifomu ebuza ngebala lam, ndisoloko ndibhala ‘Ndimnyama,’” utsho uJohn, “nangona ndimhlophe ukugqitha inkoliso yabantu abaye babhale ‘Ndimhlophe.’” UJohn, ohlala eNtshona Afrika kufutshane nomda ophakathi kweBenin neNigeria, unealbinism—isifo esikwimizila yemfuza esibangela ukuba isidali-bala (pigmentation) samehlo, sesikhumba okanye seenwele zikabani (kwezinye iimeko iba ngamehlo kuphela) sibe mfiliba okanye singabikho kwaukubakho. Baninzi kangakanani abantu abanealbinism? Uphila njani umntu onayo? Yintoni enokunceda abantu abanayo baphile nesi sifo?a

Nangona ialbinism ibonakala kakhulu kubantu abantsundu, ikho kwiintlanga, kumabala nakwizizwe ezahlukeneyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba umntu omnye kwabangama-20 000 uba yialbhino.

Imizila yemfuza enale ngxaki inokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ingabonakali. Kwakunjalo kwimeko kaJohn. Akukho namnye kwizalamane zakhe okhumbula ukhokho owayeyialbhino.

Abantu abaninzi bathi igama elithi “albinism” livela kumaPhuthukezi enkulungwane ye-17 awayehamba ngeenqanawa. Njengoko ayedlula kunxweme oluseNtshona Afrika, abona abantu ababenezikhumba ezimnyama nababenezimhlophe. Ecinga ukuba ngabantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo, abiza abanezikhumba ezimnyama ngokuthi ngamaNegro baza abanezikhumba ezimhlophe kwathiwa ziialbino—magama lawo ngesiPhuthukezi athetha ukuthi “mnyama” no-“mhlophe.”

Umphumo Kwisikhumba Nasemehlweni

Inkoliso yabantu abakhanyayo ngebala iye itshintshe isikhumba sibe ntsundwana sakutshiswa lilanga ixesha elingephi, xa isidali-bala esibizwa ngokuba yimelanin siveliswa ngumzimba ukuze ukhusele isikhumba. Kodwa ke uJohn uneoculocutaneous albinism, enye yezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo zealbinism.b Akanayo imelanin kwisikhumba, kwiinwele nakumehlo akhe. Sichaphazeleka njani ke isikhumba sakhe yiloo nto? Ngenxa yokuba singenasidali-bala, isikhumba sealbhino sitshiswa lula lilanga. Ukutshiswa lilanga asinto ibukekayo kwaye kubangela neentlungu. Kodwa ke iialbhino ezingasihoyi kakuhle isikhumba sazo zizibeka engozini yokuba nomhlaza wesikhumba. Loo nto yenzeka kakhulu kumazwe akwiitropiki.

Ngenxa yoko, eyona nto efanele iqale ngayo ialbhino xa izikhusela kukunxiba iimpahla ezifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo uJohn ngumlimi. Ngoko xa esebenza emasimini, uthwala umnqwazi obanzi wengca, anxibe nehempe enemikhono emide. Naxa ezikhusele ngolu hlobo, uthi: “Maxa wambi ndiye ndive umzimba wam ungathi utsha ngaphakathi. Xa ndifika ekhaya ndize ndonwaye ingalo yam, maxa wambi isikhumba siyaxobuka size sihlale ezinzitsheni.”

Enye into encedayo kukuthambisa into ekhusela elangeni ukuba iyafumaneka. Isithambiso esinomlinganiselo ubuncinane oli-15 wokukhusela ilanga siyanceda, kwaye sifanele sithanjiswe kakhulu kwimizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba umntu adibane nelanga, emva koko aman’ ukusiphinda emva kweeyure ezimbini.

Ialbinism inokuphazamisa namehlo ngeendlela ezininzi. Isidali-bala esikwi-iris sidla ngokuthintela ukukhanya okuvela elangeni ukuba kungangeni elisweni, kungene kuphela kukhozo lweliso (pupil). Kodwa ke i-iris yealbhino iyakuvumela ukukhanya ukuba kungene, lize iliso liphandlwe. Iialbhino ezininzi ziye zithwale ikepusi okanye zifake iisunglasses ezinqanda imitha yelanga. Ezinye ziye zisebenzise iicontact lense ezenziwe mnyama. UJohn uthi ubukhulu becala uyakwazi ukuyiqhuba imini ngaphandle kwento ekhusela amehlo akhe. Kodwa ebusuku ukhe abe nengxaki yokuphandlwa zizibane zeemoto.

Abantu badla ngokuthi iialbhino zinamehlo abomvu, kodwa ke asiyonyani leyo. Inkoliso yeealbhino inee-iris ezingwevu, ezimdaka okanye eziblowu ngebala. Ngoko ke, kutheni zibonakala ngathi zinamehlo abomvu? IFacts About Albinism ithi: “Kwiintlobo ezithile zezibane, kuye kubekho umbala obomvu okanye omfusa obonakala kwi-iris, engenasidali-bala singako. Loo mbala ungathi ubomvu uvela kwinwebu ethile ephakathi kweliso (retina).” Le nto ifana namehlo aye abonakale ebomvu ezifotweni xa efotwe ngefleshi.

Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba amehlo ealbhino abe neengxaki. Enye ingxaki kukuba imithambo-luvo edibanisa inwebu yeliso nobuchopho ingaxokonyezelwa kakuhle. Umphumo unokuba kukungaboni kakuhle kwamehlo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba angakwazi ukuqonda ukuba into ayibonayo ikude kangakanani. Le ngxaki ibizwa ngokuba yistrabismus. Loo nto inokunyangwa ngokusebenzisa iiglasi zamehlo okanye ngokwenza utyando olulungisa loo mithambo-luvo.

Kumazwe amaninzi unyango alufumaneki okanye lubiza intloko yetreyini. UJohn wenza njani yena ukuze aphile nestrabismus? Uthi: “Kufuneka ndilumke. Xa ndifuna ukuwela esitratweni, andisebenzisi mehlo kuphela kodwa ndiyamamela nangeendlebe. Xa ndibona imoto, ndiye ndazi ukuba kuyingozi ukuwela ukuba ndiyayiva nangeendlebe.”

Nenystagmus, ekukubhedululeka kwamehlo ngendlela engalawulekiyo, inokubangelwa yialbinism. Loo nto inokubangela ukuba angaboni kakuhle, mhlawumbi abone izinto ezikufutshane okanye ezikude kakhulu. Maxa wambi iiglasi zamehlo okanye iicontact lense zinokumnceda abone, kodwa ke azimlungisi oyena nobangela wengxaki. Abanye baye bayithomalalisa inystagmus xa befunda ngokubeka umnwe ngaselisweni okanye ngokutyekisa intloko.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu anayo uJohn asiyostrabismus okanye inystagmus, kodwa kukungaboni izinto ezikude. “Kuye kufuneke ndiyisondeze emehlweni into endiyifundayo,” utsho uJohn, oliNgqina likaYehova. “Kodwa ke ndiye ndithi ndakuwufumana umgama ofanelekileyo endinokuyibeka kuwo, ndikwazi ukufunda ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukwenjenjalo kufundo lwam lweBhayibhile lwemihla ngemihla.” Wongeza athi: “Xa ndinikela iintetho kwiintlanganiso zamaKristu, ndilungiselela kakuhle ukuze ndingaxhomekeki kakhulu kumanqaku am. Ndivuya kakhulu kuba IMboniselo yamagama amakhulu iyafumaneka ngolwimi lwam, isiYoruba.”

Kumntwana oneocular albinism, kunokuba nzima gqitha ukuya esikolweni. Abazali abathetha nootitshala okanye nabasemagunyeni esikolweni badla ngokulufumana uncedo. Ngokomzekelo kwezinye izikolo kuye kulungiselelwe iincwadi ezifundeka lula, ezinamagama amakhulu kunye neeteyiphu ezirekhodiweyo. Xa abazali, ootitshala kunye nabaphathi bezikolo benokusebenzisana, umntwana oneocular albinism unokuphumelela esikolweni.

Iingxaki Ekuhlaleni

Inkoliso yabantu abaziialbhino iye ifunde indlela yokuphila neengxaki zemizimba yabo. Kodwa abaninzi bakufumanisa kunzima ukunyamezela ukucukucezwa ngabantu xa unale ngxaki. Loo nto inokuba nzima kakhulu ebantwaneni.

Kwezinye iindawo eNtshona Afrika, abantwana abaziialbhino bayagezelwa okanye bagculelwe ngokubizwa ngamagama anobuhlanga. Kwezinye iindawo ekuthethwa kuzo isiYoruba, babizwa ngokuthi zii-“Afin,” gama elo lithetha “into embi.” Abantu abadala abadli ngakugculelwa kakhulu njengabantwana. Nangona abantu baseNtshona Afrika bedla ngokuchitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle, ezinye iialbhino zikhetha ukuhlala ezindlwini. Loo nto inokubangela ukuba zizive zingahoywanga kwaye zingabalulekanga. Leyo yindlela uJohn awayeziva ngayo ngaphambi kokuba afunde inyaniso yeLizwi likaThixo. Satshintsha isimo sakhe sengqondo emva kokuba ebhaptiziwe ngowe-1974. UJohn wayezenza ikheswa ekhaya, kodwa wabona ukuba wayenembopheleleko yokuphuma aye kuxelela abanye abantu ngethemba awayenalo. Uthi, “Imeko yabo yokomoya imbi kakhulu xa ndiyithelekisa nemeko yam.” Ngaba abantu bakhe bahlekise ngaye xa esentsimini? UJohn uthi: “Kukhe kwenzeke ukuba umntu ongafuni nokuyibona iBhayibhile asebenzise inkangeleko yam ukuze ahlekise ngam. Loo nto ayindikhathazi kuba ndiyaqonda ukuba unobangela asindim kodwa sisigidimi endisidluliselayo.”

Isiphelo SeAlbinism

Zininzi izinto eziye zatshintsha kwiminyaka yakutshanje kunyango lwealbinism. Iingcali zonyango ziyakwazi ukunceda ngaphezu kokuba bekunjalo ngaphambili. Kukho amaqela abantu abaziialbhino adibanayo ukuze babaliselane amava kwaye baphucule indlela abayiqonda ngayo ialbinism. Kodwa ke esona sicombululo asiyi kuza nabantu, siya kuvela kuThixo.

Ialbinism, njengazo zonke ezinye izifo, ibangelwa kukungafezeki okuye kwafunyanwa ngabo bonke abantu kumntu wokuqala, uAdam. (Genesis 3:17-19; Roma 5:12) Kungekudala uYehova uya kusebenzisa idini lentlawulelo likaYesu Kristu ukuze abangele ukuba bonke abantu abanokholo baphile qete. Ewe, Nguye “ophilisa zonke izifo zakho.” (INdumiso 103:3) Ngelo xesha ialbinism ayiyi kuphinda ibekho, kuba wonke umntu onayo uya kuzibonela inzaliseko yamazwi akuYobhi 33:25 athi: “Inyama yakhe mayihlaziyeke ngakumbi kunasebutsheni; makabuyele emihleni yamandla obutsha bakhe.”

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 29]

“Imeko yabo yokomoya imbi kakhulu xa ndiyithelekisa nemeko yam.”—utsho uJohn

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 28]

IINTLOBO ZEALBINISM

Ezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo zealbinism zezi zilandelayo:

Ioculocutaneous. Isiyili-bala imelanin asibikho kwisikhumba, kwiinwele nasemehlweni. Olu hlobo lwealbinism luneendidi ezimalunga nama-20.

Iocular. Ibakho emehlweni kuphela. Isikhumba neenwele azidli ngakuchaphazeleka.

Zikho nezinye iintlobo zealbinism ezingaziwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, olunye uhlobo lunxulunyaniswa nesifo ekuthiwa yiHermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Abantu abaneHPS badla ngokugruzuka okanye bophe msinya. Baninzi abantu basePuerto Rico abanolu hlobo lwealbinism, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngumntu omnye kwabali-1 800 onesi sifo.