Umzobo Oxabisekileyo “Owenziwe” Ngamatye
NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EITALI
KUYO yonke imizobo eyenziwe ngamagcisa, iFlorentine mosaic okanye icommesso yeyona kunzima ukuyenza. Xa kusenziwa olu hlobo lwemosaic, oluxhaphake eFlorence, eItali, akusetyenziswa matye, iitile, okanye iglasi eqhelekileyo njengaxa kusenziwa eminye imizobo. Kunoko, abazobi basebenzisa amatye angaqhelekanga. La matye asikwa ngobuchule kangangokuba aphantse angabonakali apho adibana khona.
Abazobi abenza iFlorentine mosaics basebenzisa uluhlu lwemibala eyahlukeneyo abanayo. ILapis lazuli lilitye elinombala oqaqambileyo oluhlaza elinamachaphaza amhlophe, elimenyezelayo elibugolide. Eli litye likwanemigca eluhlaza okwengca. Linemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, njengomthubi, omdaka, oluhlaza, nobomvu. IAgate, iyaspisi, ianikisi, iporphyry, namanye amatye, abonakala eqaqambile yaye enamachokoza, asetyenziswa ngabazobi ukwenza imizobo yabo exabisekileyo. Benza ngawo izitiya ezikwiindawo ezinamatye, izityalo, amanzi, nesibhakabhaka esinamafu.
Olu hlobo lwemosaic aluvelanga kutshanje. Kunokwenzeka ukuba lwaqalisa kuMbindi-Mpuma, lwayokufikelela eRoma ngenkulungwane yokuqala Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo yaye lwalusetyenziswa ekuhombiseni umgangatho kunye nodonga. Nangona kwiindawo ezininzi iFlorentine mosaic yayisetyenziswa kumaxesha aphakathi naweByzantine, isixeko saseTuscan Florence siso esenza olu hlobo lwemizobo lwaduma ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16. Unanamhla le mizobo yamatye axabisekileyo yeFlorentine mosaic isafumaneka kumabhotwe nakwizakhiwo zokugcina izinto zakudala eYurophu ngokubanzi.
‘Ukwenza’ imizobo yamatye ngumsebenzi omkhulu nonzima. Elinye iphephancwadi lathi iiyure ezisetyenzwayo xa kusenziwa “kwanowona mzobo mncinane, zininzi kakhulu.” Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba kwakunjalo mandulo, namhlanje aba bazobi babiza imali ethe xhaxhe ngomsebenzi wabo.
Zenziwa Njani?
Xa kusenziwa imosaic kujongwa umfanekiso osele ukho. Lo mfanekiso uyasikwa ube ngamacwecwana, kuze kulandelwe indlela efanayo njengoko kusenziwa imosaic. Xa umzobi ekhetha amatye usebenzisa ubuchule bakhe kungekhona obaloo mfanekiso ajonga kuwo. Cwecwana ngalinye libekwa ngaphezu kwelitye ngalinye.
Umzobi uthabatha icwecwana ngalinye, elingaphantsi kweemilimitha ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, alibeke kwindawo yokusarhela. Emva koko, usebenzisa isarha—eyenziwe ngentsimbi nomthi omile okwesaphetha—aze asarhe amatye awafunayo ngononophelo (njengokuba kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso). Njengoko esenza oko, uthambisa isarha ngentlama erhabaxa. Emva koko uyawakhuhla la matye ukuze xa ewadibanisa athi nca. Cinga ukuba kunzima kangakanani oku xa kudityaniswa imicu emincinane yesityalo esithile!
Emva koko la matye ayadityaniswa aze aphinde akhuhlwe amenyezeliswe kuze kuphume umfanekiso omhle, kangangokuba nomfoti akanakubukhupha ngokupheleleyo ubuhle bawo. Ubuchule bokukhetha imibala kwaba bazobi xa besenza iintyatyambo buyamangalisa. Baye benza iziqhamo, iingqayi zeentyatyambo, amabhabhathane, neentaka.
Okubangela umdla ngeeFlorentine mosaic kukuba abazobi abakwazi ukuzikhethela ngokupheleleyo. Basebenzisa imibalabala, namatye adalwe nguThixo. Ithetha ngoku, enye incwadi yathi: “Xa ubona ubuhle bala matye ucinga ngamandla kaThixo awawasebenzisa ekudaleni umhlaba wonke.”
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 16]
All photos pages 16 & 17: Su concessione del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali-Opificio delle Pietre Dure di Firenze, Archivio Fotografico