IPlovdiv—Isixeko Sezi Mini Esinemvelaphi Yamandulo
NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EBULGARIA
IPLOVDIV kudala ikho kuneRoma, iCarthage, okanye iConstantinople. Kwesi sixeko kuhlala abantu abamalunga nama-350 000, yaye sigubungela iinduli ezisixhenxe ezikumazantsi ombindi weBulgaria.
Ukuba uhamba usehlisa izitrato zamandulo zesi sixeko, ubona intaphane yobungqina bokuba sasiphithizela yaye sisezintweni ngeemini zaso. Kusekho izakhiwo ezikhulu ezakhiwa ngabemi baseThrace, abaluhlanga oloyikwayo olwaluphila kumakhulukhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, kwakunye neentsika ezakhiwa ngamaGrike, iindawo zemidlalo nezemiboniso zamaRoma, neeminaret zaseTurkey.
“Esona Sixeko Sithandekayo”
Izinto eziye zafunyaniswa xa bekusimbiwa izinto zakudala kweso sixeko nakwiindawo ezikufutshane naso zidize ukuba sasinabemi kwakude kudala ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yokuqala B.C.E. Umbhali-mbali ongumRoma uAmmianus Marcellinus wabhala wathi, ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yesine B.C.E., kwakukho indawo enqatyisiweyo eyayihlala abantu baseThrace, eyayibizwa ngokuba yiEumolpias ibe yayikwindawo eyiPlovdiv namhlanje. Ngowama-342 B.C.E, iEumolpias yathinjwa nguPhilip II waseMacedonia, onguyise ka-Aleksandire Omkhulu. UPhilip walitshintsha igama layo laba yiPhilippopolis.
Xa amaRoma alawula eso sixeko ngowama-46 C.E., asibiza ngokuba yiTrimontium, aza asenza ikomkhulu leThrace. AmaRoma ayezimisele ukusibambela kuwo esi sixeko kuba sasinqumleze iVia Diagonalis, esisiphambuka esibalulekileyo sommandla weBalkan. AmaRoma ongezelela kuso ibala lemidlalo nendawo yemidlalo yeqonga (eboniswe ngasentla), iindawo zokuqubha nezinye izakhiwo zamaRoma.
ULucian waseSamosata wathetha ngobuhle bemvelo besi sixeko, esasiphakathi kweenduli ezintathu emazantsi eeNtaba zeRhodope. (Bona ibhokisi ethi, “Isixeko Esineenduli Ezisixhenxe,” kwiphepha 18.) Sikufutshane noMlambo iMaritsa, yaye simelene nentili yaseThrace. Xa wayebhala uLucian wachaza iTrimontium ‘njengesona sixeko sithandekayo!’
Emva kokuwa kweRoma ngamaXesha Eenzingo, kwahlala amakhoboka kuloo mmandla. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, amajoni eemfazwe zonqulo ayiphanga le dolophu kangangezihlandlo ezine ezahlukeneyo. Kwathi ke, ngenkulungwane ye-14, kwabakho utshintsho lwezopolitiko xa eso sixeko sathatyathwa ngabantu baseTurkey. Basithiya ngokuba yiPhilibé, baza basiphatha de kwangowe-1878. IJumaia Mosque neminaret yayo enewotshi esebenza ngelanga zisesisikhumbuzo selo xesha.
Xa iRashiya yoyisa iTurkey ngowe-1878, igama lesi sixeko layeka ukuba yiPhilibé laba yiPlovdiv. Esi sixeko sathi futhu noko kwezoqoqosho ngowe-1892 xa saba nomnyhadala wezoshishino. Ukususela ngoko, iPlovdiv yaba sisigqubo sezoshishino eBulgaria. Ngemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini, amaNazi asilawula okwethutyana esi sixeko kodwa abhukuqwa ngabantu baseSoviet ngowe-1944. Kwathi ke, ngowe-1989, iPlovdiv yaphuncuka ezandleni zeli gunya linamandla xa iSoviet Union yawayo ngaloo nyaka. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye abaphathi basePlovdiv babenyanisekile; sekunjalo baphazanyiswa kukungafezeki okukulo naluphi na ulawulo lwabantu.
‘Iindaba Ezilungileyo’ Zifikelela NasePlovdiv
Ngowe-1938, kwasekwa umbutho apho waza wabhaliswa ngegama elithi Nabludatelna Kula (iWatch Tower). Washicilela waza wasasaza iiBhayibhile noncwadi lweBhayibhile ngesiBulgaria.
Nakuba urhulumente wamaKomanisi wazama ukuwacinezela, amaNgqina kaYehova aqhubeka exelela abemi basePlovdiv ngeendaba ezilungileyo zokuza korhulumente wasezulwini ogqibeleleyo. (Mateyu 24:14) Abambalwa basabela kweso sigidimi. Ngoku, bangaphezu kwama-200 ePlovdiv abantu abaye bamela uYehova yaye bakumabandla amabini amaNgqina kaYehova.
Uninzi lwala maNgqina athetha isiBulgaria. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba esi sixeko sidume ngokuba nabantu beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo, phakathi kwabo kukwakho nabantu bezinye iintlanga. Phakathi kwaba kukho abantu baseBritani, abaseItali, abaseMerika, abaseKhanada, abaseMoldova, nabasePoland. Bonke aba baxelela abamelwane babo ngethemba lokulawulwa ngurhulumente ogqibeleleyo. Ngelo xesha, akuyi kuba ngabantu basePlovdiv kuphela kodwa iya kuba ngabantu behlabathi lonke abaya kufumana unqabiseko, ‘ngamnye phantsi komdiliya wakhe naphantsi komkhiwane wakhe, kungekho bani ubangcangcazelisayo.’—Mika 4:4.
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 18]
“ISIXEKO ESINEENDULI EZISIXHENXE”
Umntu onokutyelela iPlovdiv kule mihla usenokungazifumani lula iinduli ezisixhenxe, okanye iitepe esidume ngazo esi sixeko. Kwiminyaka elikhulu edluleyo, enye yezi nduli, iMarkovo Tepe, yaqhekezwa xa sandayo esi sixeko. Ezo zintandathu ziseleyo zibubungqina bemvelaphi yePlovdiv.
Nazi ezintathu ezinokubonwa ngabatyeleli: iBunardjik Tepe, iDjendem Tepe, neSahat Tepe, eyathiywa ngabantu baseTurkey ngenxa yenqaba enewotshi eyakhiwa kule nduli. ITrimontium, amaRoma ayibiza ngokuba yiPlovdiv, inezinye iinduli ezintathu: iDjambaz Tepe, eyona inkulu nephakamileyo; iTaksim Tepe; neNebet Tepe, gama elo ngesiTurkey elithetha “INduli Yonqabiseko.”
Xa uhamba kummandla weTrimontium, ufikelela kwimimandla yakudala yasePlovdiv, njengakumabhodlo amandulo neendonga zakudala zasePhilippopolis kwakunye nendawo yemidlalo yeqonga yamaRoma esasetyenziswa nangoku. Enye into ebangela umdla, zizindlu zakudala eziye zagcinwa kakuhle, ezakhiwa ngexesha Lokuvuselelwa KweBulgaria ecaleni kwezitrato ezincinane ezenziwe ngamatye.
[Inkcazelo]
© Caro/Andreas Bastian
[Imaphu ekwiphepha 16]
(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)
IBULGARIA
ISOFIA
IPlovdiv
[Inkcazelo Ngemifanekiso ekwiphepha 17]
Top: © Wojtek Buss/age fotostock; bottom: David Ewing/Insadco Photography/age fotostock