AmaTatar—Imvelaphi Yawo, Ubomi Bawo Nekamva Lawo

NDISENGUMNTWANA, ndandidla ngokuva kusithiwa: “Xa kuthethwa inyani, abantu abaninzi abacinga ukuba bangamaRashiya bangamaTatar.” Nam bendisoloko ndicinga ukuba ndingumRashiya kodwa ndisandul’ ukuva ngezalamane zam ukuba utatomkhulu wayengumTatar.a Xa ndibalisela abahlobo bam ngale nto, nabanye babo bathi ookhokho babo babengamaTatar.

Ndiye ndachulumanca gqitha xa bendifunda ngamaTatar adumileyo nangempumelelo yawo kwezobugcisa, ezemidlalo nezinye izinto. Ngokomzekelo, incutshe yomdaniso weballet uRudolf Nureyev owadlal’ indima ephambili kwezomdaniso wayezalwa ngamaTatar aseRashiya. Amalunga nezigidi ezisixhenxe amaTatar ahlala kumazwe awayesakuba yinxalenye yeSoviet Union. Makhe ndikubalisele ngezinto endizifundileyo ngamaTatar.

Imvelaphi Yawo

Kangangeenkulungwane, amaTatar ebenxulunyaniswa nabantu baseMongoliya naseTurkey. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 ancedisa umkhosi kaGenghis Khan, inkokeli yaseMongoliya.b Ummandla wakhe wawumkhulu ngeyona ndlela yaye wawulingana nommandla owawusakuba ngoweSoviet Union. Ngowe-1236 amajoni akhe amalunga ne-150 000 aya ngaseYurophu, eqala ngakwintshona yeeNtaba zeUral. Apho aqala ahlasela izixeko zaseRashiya.

Kungekudala nje emva kokuba oyise iRashiya, amaMongoliya aseka ilizwe elalingumxube wamaMongoliya nabantu baseTurkey yaye abanye bayibiza ngokuba yiGolden Horde inxalenye yalo engasentshona. Ikomkhulu lelo lizwe iSarai Batu lalakhiwe kumazantsi oMlambo iVolga. Eli lizwe laliquka inxalenye yeSiberia neeNtaba zeUral kunye nodederhu lweentaba zeCarpathian neCaucasus eziseUkraine naseGeorgia. Imimandla yaseRashiya eyayilawulwa ziinkosana yahlawuliswa irhafu yiHorde. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, le Horde yahlulahlulwa ukuze ibe ngamaphondo anjengeCrimea, iAstrakhan neKazan’.

ITatarstan Nekomkhulu Layo IKazan’

Namhlanje bamalunga nezigidi ezine abantu abahlala kwiRiphabliki yaseTatarstan, eneentlanga ezininzi kwinxalenye esempuma yeRashiya eseYurophu. Umhlaba wale riphabliki uzizikwekhilomitha ezimalunga nama-68 000 yaye idume ngokuba yenye “yezona riphabliki zeRussian Federation zichumileyo kwezoqoqosho.” Eyona oli negesi eninzi eRashiya ifumaneka eTatarstan. Kwimizi-mveliso yayo kwenziwa iinqwelo-moya nezithuthi yaye le riphabliki inezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya eziliqela.

IKazan’ sisixeko sezi mini esinabemi abasisigidi esakhiwe kwindawo apho uMlambo iVolga neKazanka idibana khona. Sesinye sezixeko ezininzi eRashiya ezinezikhululo zikaloliwe eziphantsi komhlaba.c Isikhululo ngasinye sakhiwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezinye zakhiwe ngeendlela zezi mini ukanti xa ukwezinye kuba ngathi ukumazwe asempuma okanye kumaxesha aphakathi. Esinye isikhululo saseKazan’ sihonjiswe ngemizobo engama-22 enemibalabala emininzi nesekelwe kwiintsomi zamaTatar.

IFederal University yaseKazan yasekwa ngowe-1804 nguCzar Alexander I waseRashiya yaye inomnye weyona mizi yogcino zincwadi mikhulu kwelaseRashiya. Iliziko elibalulekileyo lemfundo nenkcubeko yaye yabakho ngaphambi kwazo zonke ezinye iiyunivesithi zaseTatarstan. Kwiincwadi zalo mzi wogcino zincwadi ezizi-5 000 000 kukho nemibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo engama-30 000 yaye eminye yayo yabhalwa ngenkulungwane yesithoba yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo.

Kuthi ngco ngaphakathi njengoko uthe chu kwiSitrato iBauman esikumbindi wesixeko. Esi sitrato sineevenkile neendawo zokutyela ezintle. Kutshanje, xa besityelele apho, mna nomkam siye sahamba ngesikhephe kuMlambo iVolga emva kokubuka idolophu.

Enye yeembalasane zaseKazan’ yinqaba yalapho edumileyo. Le nqaba yamhlamnene nezakhiwo zayo ezakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-16, yiyo kuphela inqaba yamaTatar esekho nanamhlanje eRashiya. KwiNqaba yaseKazan’ kukwakho neNqaba iSyuyumbeki, izakhiwo zorhulumente waseTatarstan, icawa yamaSilamsi neyamaOthodoki.

Ngowama-2000, iUNESCO yathi le Nqaba yaseKazan’ ifanele ilondolozwe njengesinye sezona zakhiwo zibalulekileyo ehlabathini. Ebusuku esi sakhiwo siba sihle ngeyona ndlela. Obu buhle bubangelwa zizibane zaso ezikhanyisa emlanjeni.

Abantu Nolwimi Lwabo

AmaTatar lolona hlanga lukhulu lwabantu baseNtshona nakuMbindi weAsiya eRashiya yaye kucingelwa ukuba azizi-5 500 000. Kodwa ke akwaziwa ncam ukuba mangaphi kanye kanye ahlala kweli lizwe likhulu.

Ulwimi lwesiTatar luyinxalenye yeelwimi zabantu bakwiNtshona nakuMbindi weAsiya. Ezi lwimi ziquka isiAzerbaijani, isiBashkir, isiKazakh, isiKirghiz, isiNogai, isiTurkey, isiTurkoman, isiTuvinian, isiUzbek nesiYakut. Ezinye zezi lwimi ziyafana kangangokuba abantu bazo bayevana xa bethetha.

Bazizigidi ngezigidi ehlabathini abantu abathetha iilwimi zaseNtshona nakuMbindi weAsiya. Kwizitrato zaseTatarstan abantu bathetha isiTatar nesiRashiya njengokuba kunjalo nangamaphephandaba neencwadi, unomathotholo nomabonwakude. Imidlalo yeqonga yaseTatarstan idlalwa ngolwimi lwesiTatar yaye isekelwe kwimbali, iintsomi nobomi bamaTatar.

Iivenkile nezitrato zaseKazan’ nezezinye izixeko zibhalwe ngesiRashiya nangesiTatar. Maninzi amagama esiRashiya athathwe kwisiTatar. Ngamaxesha eSoviet Union, isiTatar esibhalwayo sabalahla oonobumba besiArabhu saza sasebenzisa abesiLatin ngowe-1928. Ukususela ngowe-1939, isiTatar besibhalwa ngoonobumba bolwimi lwesiSlav abafana nabesiRashiya.

Izithethe Zelizwe

AmaTatar ayekade engabazingeli nabafuyi bezilwanyana. Ukutya okunenyama kusathandwa nanamhl’ oku kwelo. Okunye kwako yibelesh ethandwa kakhulu ziintsapho ezininzi zamaTatar. Yenziwa njengepie yaye kufakwa iitapile, inyama, itswele nezinongo. Le belesh ibhakwa kangangeeyure ezimbini. Emva koko ibekwa phezu kwetafile ize isikwe isaqhuma.

Kwiiholide zamaTatar mhlawumbi eyona indala neyona idumileyo yiSabantui. Isekelwe kwisiko labahedeni apho abantu babethandaza kunye baze benze imibingelelo kuthixo welanga nakwizinyanya. Babekholelwa ukuba imibingelelo enjalo iza kwenza ukuba inzala yabo ingapheli, izilwanyana zabo zizale uze nomhlaba wabo ube nesivuno.

AmaTatar ayawathanda amahashe. Ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yawo yaye anento yokwenza nemvelaphi yawo yokuba ngonoothwal’ impahlana. IKazan’ inenye yezona ndawo zomdyarho wamahashe zintle emhlabeni, equka izitali ezili-12 kunye nekliniki yezilwanyana. Kukho nedama lokuqubha elenzelwe amahashe!

Ikamva Lawo

IKoran ithi: “Ngokuqinisekileyo Sabhala kwiiNdumiso, emva kweTorah: ‘Abakhonzi Bam abangamalungisa baya kuwudla ilifa umhlaba.’” (Sura 21, Al-Anbiyā [Abaprofeti], indinyana 105). Kucacile ukuba la mazwi acatshulwe kwiindumiso zikaDavide ezabhalwa eBhayibhileni kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-1 500 ngaphambili. INdumiso 37:29 ithi: “Amalungisa aya kuwudla ilifa umhlaba, ahlale kuwo ngonaphakade.”

La malungisa onwabileyo aya kuphuma kuluphi uhlanga nesizwe? Isiprofeto esikwi-Injil (IiVangeli ZamaKristu ezikwiTestamente Entsha) sithi: “Isihlwele esikhulu, ekungekho mntu wakwaziyo ukusibala, siphuma kuzo zonke iintlanga nezizwe nezizwana neelwimi.” (ISityhilelo 7:9) Buya kuba mnandi ubomi kwikamva xa sihlala nabazalwana beentlanga neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo abaya kube bezalise umhlaba!d

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 25]

IGAMA LIKATHIXO NGOLWIMI LWESITATAR

Incwadi ethi Dinnər Tarixb (Iinkonzo Zehlabathi), ebhalwe ngumbhali ongumTatar uM. Khuzhayev ithi uAdam wadalwa nguYakhve Allah okanye uYehova uThixo. Kwakhona iPentatiki yesiTatar eziincwadi zokuqala ezintlanu kwiiBhayibhile zanamhlanje, inombhalo osemazantsi kwiGenesis 2:4 othi ngokuphathelele igama likaThixo: “Kusenokwenzeka ukuba amaHebhere amandulo ayesithi Yahveh xa ebiza eli gama.”

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 26]

AMANGQINA KAYEHOVA ETATARSTAN

AmaNgqina kaYehova aseRashiya afundisa abantu isiTatar kuba anomdla wokuxelela abantu iindaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo. Elinye ibhinqa laseTatarstan lathi: “Ukufunda ngoThixo ngolwimi lweenkobe kuye kwandichukumisa gqitha kangangokuba ndiye ndade ndakhala.”

Ngowe-1973 iqela elincinane lamaNgqina kaYehova angamaTatar laqalisa ukuqhuba iintlanganiso zokufunda iBhayibhile ngolwimi lwesiTatar. Ngowe-1990 amaNgqina kaYehova aqalisa ukupapasha iincwadi zokufunda iBhayibhile ngesiTatar.e Ukanti ngowama-2003 amaNgqina kaYehova aseka ibandla lokuqala lesiTatar, eNaberezhnye Chelny, kwiRiphabliki yaseTatarstan. Sithethanje eRashiya kukho amabandla asi-8 namaqela angama-20 esiTatar.

Ngowama-2008, iindwendwe ezisuka eAstrakhan, kuMmandla weVolga, kwiiNtaba zeUral, kwiNtshona yeSiberia nakwiindawo zasemntla ezithe qelele zeza kwindibano yesithili yolwimi lwesiTatar. Namhlanje eTatarstan kukho amabandla angama-36 esiTatar, isiRashiya neNtetho Yezandla yaseRashiya kunye namaqela apho abantu abangaphezu kwama-2 300 befundisa abanye inyaniso ngoThixo.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 27]

INJUZE YEMIDLALO IBA NGUMALUSI

UPyotr Markov wazalelwa kwenye yeelali zaseTatarstan ngowe-1948. Kangangeminyaka engama-30 wayesaziwa ekuhlaleni ngokuba yintshatsheli yewrestling nomdlalo wokuphakamisa iintsimbi. Ngenye imini waphakamisa iintsimbi eziziikhilogram ezingama-32 kangangezihlandlo ezili-130. Ekubeni ngoku eliNgqina likaYehova waziwa ngokuthetha nabantu ngoThixo ngesiTatar nangezinye iilwimi zaseRashiya nangokubanceda bakwazi ukujamelana neengxaki zobomi.

UPyotr uxelisa uMdali osinyamekelayo ekuthiwa ngaye kuIsaya 40:11: “Njengomalusi iya kuwalusa umhlambi wayo. Ngengalo yayo iya kuqokelela ndawonye amatakane; iya kuwathwala ngesifuba sayo. Ezo zanyisayo iya kuzikhaphela ngenyameko.”

[Umfanekiso]

UPyotr, ngoku ungumalusi wokomoya

[Imaphu ekwiphepha 24]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

RUSSIA

URAL MOUNTAINS

MOSCOW

St. Petersburg

REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Kazan’

Volga River

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 25]

Inqaba yaseKazan ngakuMlambo iKazanka

[Inkcazelo]

© Michel Setboun/CORBIS

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

“IBelesh” iyathandwa ziintsapho ezininzi zamaTatar