IBatik—Ilaphu Elingayiwayo LaseIndonesia
IBATIK lilaphu ekudala likho, kodwa alikaphelelwa lixesha nangoku. Abasebukhosini bavatha lona kwimisitho ephambili, ngokunjalo nabarhwebi ezimarikeni. Inobuhle obungayiwayo, nemibala emininzi ngendlela emangalisayo. Yintoni kodwa ibatik? Yenziwa njani? Yayivela phi? Isetyenziswa njani khona namhlanje?
IBatik lilaphu elinembali esusela mandulo. IBatik yenziwa ngedayi ekhethekileyo yaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi nesithethe saseIndonesia. Akho namanye amalaphu afana nayo athandwayo ehlabathini lonke.
Umxube Wedayi Namafutha (Wax)
Amachule eli laphu alenza ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esincinane sobhedu esizaliswe yiwax enyibilikileyo aze oluke imisonto entsonkothileyo kwilaphu. Emva kokuba le wax yomile, eli laphu liye lifakwe idayi. Ezi ndawo zinewax zihlala zinaloo mbala wokuqala, azenziwa nto yidayi. Oku kuye kwenziwe izihlandlo eziliqela kusetyenziswa imibala eyahlukeneyo ukuze kuvele imibala ecacileyo.
Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, amachule eBatik ayesebenzisa izitampu zobhedu ukufaka iwax. Le ndlela yayikhawuleza gqitha kunokusebenzisa esi sixhobo siphathwa ngesandla yaye yayikwazi ukuvelisa amalaphu afana twatse. Ngenkulungwane yama-20, imizi-mveliso yorhwebo yaqalisa ukuprinta indlela eliyilwe ngayo eli laphu. Nanamhlanje asafumaneka amalaphu olukwe ngesandla. Kodwa awona azalise iimarike ngalawo aprintiweyo.
Kudla ngokusetyenziswa umqhaphu okanye isilika ukwenza ibatik. Idayi yayo yenziwa ngamagqabi, imithi, amaxolo omthi neziqholo ezifumaneka kweli lizwe, nangona zisetyenziswa needayi zemizi-mveliso. Ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe iwax, kwakusetyenziswa intlama yemifuno, amafutha ezilwanyana nkqu nodaka. Namhlanje, iwax idla ngokuthengwa kwimizi-mveliso. Ukanti, iparafini exutywe namakhaphela eenyosi asasetyenziswa.
Kudala Ikho—Ibe Ibonakala Iseza Kuhlala
Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba yaqala nini ukwenziwa ibatik. ETshayina, ezinye iziqwenga zayo zisusela emva kwinkulungwane yesithandathu kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo. Akukaziwa nangoku ukuba obu buchule bafika nini na eIndonesia, kodwa kukho ubungqina bokuba ngenkulungwane ye-17, eli laphu lalisele lingena liphuma kurhwetywa ngalo apho.
Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ibatik iye yaphinda yathandwa gqitha yaye sele iluphawu lwesithethe saseIndonesia. Kuhlonelwa imbali ende yebatik eIndonesia negalelo layo kwisithethe salapho, ngowama-2009 iUNESCO yafaka ibatik phantsi koludwe lwezinto zelo lizwe oluthi, “Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.”
Isinxibo Sebatik
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxiba, ukuyisonga nokuyenza ibatik eziphenjelelwa ziinkolelo zalapho. Amaphondo amaninzi alapho anemibala yebatik aziwa ngayo neendlela ezahlukileyo ehonjiswa ngazo. Ngokomzekelo, ibatik evela kunxweme olusemantla eJava, inemibala eqaqambileyo, edla ngokuhonjiswa ngeentyatyambo, iintaka nezinye izilwanyana. Kodwa, ibatik evela kumbindi weJava idla ngokungabi namibala mininzi, isoloko ihonjiswa ngemizobo yemigca. Zimalunga nama-3 000 iintlobo zelaphu lebatik ezaziwayo.
Isinxibo sebatik esithandwayo yiqhiya ekuthiwa yiselendang, edla ngokuthiwa hatya emagxeni ngamabhinqa. Abafazi badla ngokubeleka abantwana okanye baphathe izinto abavela kuzithenga emarikeni. Kodwa le qhiya ikwasetyenziswa ukugquma intloko xa kushushu.
Wona amadoda intloko ayigquma ngeqhiya ekuthiwa yi-iket kepala. Eli laphu lidla ngokusongelwa entloko de ibe sisihombo iturban. Idla ngokugqalwa njengesinxibo esifanelekileyo kumatheko.
Esinye isinxibo esithandwayo esenziwe ngebatik lilaphu elibhijelwa emzimbeni, ekuthiwa yisarong. Maxa wambi imiqukumbelo yeli laphu ithungelwa kunye ukuba ibe liqhuma. Isarong eqhelekileyo ibhijelwa emilenzeni ize ibotshwe esinqeni, ngokungathi sisiketi esiwakuwaku. Isarong inxitywa ngamadoda namabhinqa.
Ilaphu lebatik lisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke into enxitywayo, ukususela kwiiblukhwe ukusa kwimiwunduzo. Kodwa eli laphu liphinda lisetyenziswe ekwenzeni imizobo, imizobo yaseludongeni, amalaphu etafile, izinto zokondlula njalo njalo. Abakhenkethi abazula kwiimarike zaseIndonesia banokuzifumanela iibhegi zebatik, iimbadada, izihombiso zokugquma izibane, kuquka izingxobo zeelaptop. Zininzi gqitha izinto ezenziwa ngeli laphu lingayiwayo!
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 23]
Isixhobo esincinane sobhedu esizaliswe ngewaxa enyibilikileyo ukuze kolukwe imisonto entsokothileyo ngesandla
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 23]
Ilaphu elinewax liphindwa lifakwe kwidayi
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 23]
Isinxibo Sebatik
1. ISelendang
2. I-Iket kepala
3. ISarong