Yayiphi Imilenze Yakhe?

“AMATHAMBO Avunjululweyo Abonisa Ukuba Eli Yayilixhoba Elalijijekile Emnqamlezweni.” Ngaba wawubona loo mxholo uphambili ngoJanuwari 1971? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba wawubona, kuba kwakukho amanqaku amaninzi amaphephandaba awayethetha “ngobungqina” obuthile obutsha obungokufela emnqamlezweni.

Emva kwalo mxholo ungasentla, elo nqaku laqalisa ngokuthi: “EYerusalem, ngoJan. 3 (Reuter)—abembi bezinto zakudala bakwaSirayeli, bakuba bevumbulule into yokuqala ebubungqina obubambekayo bokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni, namhlanje bathe inokubonisa ukuba uYesu Kristu wayenokuba wabethelelwa emnqamlezweni ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuleyo iboniswa ngumnqamlezo wesithethe.”

Ngaba obu bungqina butsha bayibonisa ngokwenene indlela amaYuda awayebulawelwa ngayo emnqamlezweni okanye esibondeni ngexesha likaYesu? Yintoni abayifumanisayo abembi bezinto zakudaia ngendlela owawumi ngayo umzimba wexhoba? Ngaba oku kwatyhila okuthile ngokufa kukaYesu? Usenokubuza uthi, babuqiniseke kangakanani bona obo bungqina?

Isikhonkwane Ezithendeni

Emva phayaa ngowe-1968 kungalindelwanga kwafunyanwa imiqolomba yokungcwaba kufutshane neYerusalem. Ngaphakathi kuyo, phakathi kwamathambo awayengcwatywe okwesibini, kwakukho into ebalaseleyo kwezazifunwa—amathambo esithende agqojozwe ngesikhonkwane esinomhlwa. UGqr. Nico Haas, ongumhlohli wezifundo ezingamalungu omntu nenzululwazi engomntu kwiHebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, waphum’ iphulo lokuhlolisisa la mathambo akhethekileyo. I-Israel Exploration Journal (yowe-1970, Umqulu 20, iphepha 38-59) ehlonelwayo, yapapasha izigqibo awafikelela kuzo, ezathi zakhokelela kumanqaku abalaseleyo amaphephancwadi. Yaba ziziphi ezo zigqibo?

Wanikela ingxelo ethi oko kwafunyanwayo kwakungeyiyo nantoni na eyenye ngaphandle kwamathambo omntu owafumana isigwebo sokubulawelwa emnqamlezweni kwinkulungwane yokuqala. Ngokusisiseko, kubonakala ukuba izithende ezibini zeli xhoba zazidityanisiwe ekubethelelweni kwazo ngesikhonkwane kwisibonda esasithe nkqo, kodwa isikhonkwane sagoba entloko xa sadibana nendawo eqinileyo elukhunini. Emva kokufa kweli xhoba lakwaYuda, kwaba nzima ukuba izalamane zisikhuphe esi sikhonkwane, ngoko sayekwa ezithendeni zalo ekungcwatyweni kwalo. Ekubeni eso sikhonkwane sinye sagqobhoza amathambo amabini ezithende yaye ekubeni kwabonakala ngathi amathambo emilenze ayenemikrwelo exwesileyo, uGqr. Haas wanikela ingxelo ethi mhlawumbi eli xhoba lafumana isigwebo sokubulawa ngendlela eboniswe ngezantsi. (UGqr. Haas wakwavakalelwa kukuba umkrwelo owawukwithambo lengalo wawubonisa ukuba iingalo zalo mntu zazibethelelwe ngesikhonkwane kumqadi onqumlezayo.) Usenokuba wawubona umfanekiso onjalo kwinqaku lephephandaba okanye lephephancwadi. Abantu abaninzi bavuya kukufumana ingxelo ebonisa indlela awafa ngayo uYesu.

Phofu ke, kwakhona wenza kakuhle xa ubuza oku: Ngaba obo yayibubungqina obunokuthenjwa, ibe ngaba ngenene babubonisa indlela awabulawa ngayo uYesu?

Ukuphonononga Izithende Ngokutsha

Kwiminyaka embalwa eyalandelayo, abaphengululi abathile abadumileyo, abanjengonjingalwazi Yigal Yadin, baqalisa ukuzithandabuza izigqibo awafikelela kuzo okaHaas. Ekugqibeleni, i-Israel Exploration Journal (yowe-1985, Umqulu 35, iphepha 22-7) yapapasha inqaku elithi “Ukuphonononga Ngokutsha,” okwenziwa nguJoseph Zias ongumhlohli kwinzululwazi yomntu (Kwisebe Lezinto Zakudala Neemyuziyam LakwaSirayeli) noEliezer Sekeles (weHebrew University-Hadassah Medical School). Baphanda ngendlela esenzeka ngayo ekuqaleni esi siganeko, besebenzisa iifoto, nezinto ezazixonxwe zafana naloo mathambo baza bawafota ngeX-ray loo mathambo. Usenokothuswa zezinye zezinto abazifumanisayo:

Isikhonkwane sasisifutshane kuneso sachazwa nguHaas ibe ngaloo ndlela sasingeside ngokwaneleyo ukuba sigqobhoze amathambo amabini esithende nolo khuni. Kwakusetyenziswa amathambo angengawo awaloo mntu. Kwakungekho thambo kwisithende sesibini; isikhonkwane sasigqobhoze kuphela isithende esinye. Amanye amathambo ayengawomnye umntu nje kwaphela. Ithambo lengalo elinomkrwelo ‘lalingebobungqina beyisayo’ bokubethelelwa ngesikhonkwane kumqadi onqamlezileyo; ‘enyanisweni, imikrwelo emibini efana naleyo yaphawulwa kwithambo lomlenze; ibe ayidibananga nanto nokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni.’

Olu hlolisiso lutsha lwakhokelela kweziphi izigqibo? “Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqala nokokugqibela kwala mathambo [nguHaas] okuxhasa ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni ngokobugcisa nangofundisiso lwamalungu omntu kuyinto engenakwenzeka xa ubani eqwalasela obu bungqina butsha . . . Akukho bungqina sabufumanayo ngethambo lesithende sangasekhohlo yaye safumanisa ukuba isikhonkwane sasiside ngokwaneleyo ukudibanisa ithambo lesithende elinye kuphela . . . Ukungaphuki kwamathambo esandla kubonakala kubonisa ukuba iingalo zalo mntu wagwetywayo zazibotshiwe kunokubethelelwa ngeskhonkwane.” Kulo mfanekiso uyayibona indlela lo kaZias nokaSekeles abacingela ukuba loo mntu wayemi ngayo ekubulaweni kwakhe.

Kuthekani NgoYesu?

Ngoko, oku kubonisa ntoni ngendlela uYesu awabulawa ngayo? Eneneni, akubonisl nto ingako konke konke! Ngokomzekelo, njengoko sesixubushile kwiphepha 23, phantse kunokwenzeka ukuba uYesu wabulawelwa kwisibonda esithe nkqo kungekhona kumqadi onqanyulezisiweyo. Namhlanje akukho mntu unokulazi ngokuqinisekileyo inani lezikhonkwane ezasetyenziswayo kuYesu. IThe International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1979, Umqulu 1, iphepha 826) iyagqabaza: “Elona nani lezikhonkwane elasetyenziswayo . . . liye langumbandela nje oqikelelwayo. Kwimifanekiso yangaphamblli ebonisa ukubethelelwa kweenyawo zikaYesu izibonisa zibethelelwe ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa eyamva izibonisa zinqanyulezisiwe yaye zidityaniswe kwisibonda esithe nkqo ngesikhonkwane esinye.”

Siyazi ukuba izandla okanye iingalo zakhe zazingathandelwe nje kuphela, kuba kamva uTomas wathi: ‘‘Ukuba andithanga ndilibone inxeba lezikhonkwane ezandleni zayo.” (Yohane 20:25) Oko kusenokuba kwakuthetha isikhonkwane esangena kwisandla ngasinye, okanye isininzi esithi ‘izikhonkwane’ sisenokubhekisela kumanxeba ezikhonkwane ‘awayekwizandla nakwiinyawo zakhe.’ (Bona uLuka 24:39.) Asinakuyazi ngokuthe ngqo indawo izikhonkwane ezamgqobhoza kuyo, nangona ngokucacileyo yayisezandleni zakhe. Ingxelo yeZibhalo ayizinikeli kwaphela iinkcukacha ezichanlleyo, kungekho nemfuneko yokuba yenjenjalo. Yaye ukuba abaphengululi abawahlolisisa ngokungqalileyo amathambo afunyanwa kufutshane neYerusalem ngowe-1968 abanakuqiniseka kwaukuqiniseka ngendlela esasime ngayo eso sidumbu, loo ngxelo ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyingqini indlela awayemi ngayo uYesu.

Ngaloo ndlela siyaqonda ukuba imifanekiso ebonisa ukufa kukaYesu kwiimpapasho zethu, enjengalowo uwubona kwiphepha 24, yimizobo nje yegcisa yoko kwenzekayo, kungekhona ingxelo ebonisa iinkcukacha ezingokuma kwamalungu omzimba wakhe. Imifanekiso enjalo akuyomfuneko ukuba ibonise iingcamango eziguquguqukayo neziphixeneyo zabaphengululi, ibe loo mizobo ngokuqinisekileyo iphepha imifanekiso yonqulo engcambu yayo isusela kubuhedeni bamandulo.