Ngaba Ukukholelwa Kwilishwa Kuyabulawula Ubomi Bakho?

NGOSEPTEMBA 1988 kwenzeka intlekele. Izantyalantyala zamanzi zesithabazi sentili yomlambo iGanges neBrahmaputra zenyuka kangangeemitha ezisithoba zaza zagubungela ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seBangladesh. Amawakawaka abantu arhaxwa. Abangama-37 000 000 bashiyeka bengenamakhaya. Ngaphezu kwama-60 000 eekhilomitha zeendlela anyamalala.

Ekubeni izikhukula ezilolo hlobo ziye zaligubungela elaseBangladesh amaxesha ngamaxesha, elinye iphephandaba lalibiza elo lizwe ngokuthi “Intili Egwetyelwe Intshabalalo.” Le ndlela ibizwa ngayo ibonisa oko abantu abaninzi bakujonga njengonobangela weentlekele ezinjalo ezikhwankqisayo: ukugwetyelwa intshabalalo, okanye ukuba lixhoba lelishwa.

Nangona abanye besenokuvakalelwa kukuba ilishwa alibulawuli ubomi, enyanisweni iimbono ezibonisa ukukholelwa kwilishwa zigqibe lonke ihlabathi. Kutheni bebaninzi kangaka abantu abakholelwa kwilishwa, ibe kuthetha ukuthini ukukholelwa kwilishwa?

Indima Yonqulo

Igama elithi “ilishwa” (fate) livela kwigama lesiLatini elithi fatum, elithetha “okuye kwathethwa.”a Abantu abakholelwa kwilishwa bathi iziganeko zimiselwe kusengaphambili yaye abantu abanamandla okuziguqula izinto. Le mbono iye yasasazwa ziinkonzo ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye iye yaxonxa imbono yamakholwa azizigidi. Ukuphanda nje ngokufutshane ngeenkonzo ezintathu ezizezona zinkulu ehlabathini kubonisa ukuba ilishwa liye lazibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo—zahlukene njengokumila kweetempile zamaHindu, izindlu zenkonzo zamaSilamsi neecawa zeNgqobhoko.

Ngokomzekelo, amaSilamsi asehlabathini asenokuba zizigidi ezingama-900, athi ilishwa (Kismet) limiselwa ngokuthanda kukaThixo.b IQurʼān ithi: “Akukho bubi benzekayo emhlabeni . . . , kodwa bubhalwa encwadini ngaphambi kokuba sibenze.” “Ibe umphefumlo awusayi kufa ngaphandle kwemvume ka-Allah; ixesha lawo limisiwe.”—Surah 57:22; 3:145.

IKarma ngumthetho obangela izinto nomphumo wazo—enye inkalo yelishwa—ochaphazela ubomi bamaHindu aphantse abe zizigidi ezingama-700 ehlabathini. Kuthiwa iziganeko ezenzekayo kubomi bomHindu bakalokunje zimiselwa zizenzo zakhe zobomi awayebuphila ngaphambili. IGaruda Purana, incwadi yamaHindu yamandulo, ithi: “Yimisebenzi lo mntu awayenza kubomi bakhe bangaphambili emisela uhlobo lwesidalwa aya kuba siso ngokulandelayo, kwanohlobo lwezifo, enoba zezasemzimbeni okanye ezasengqondweni, aya kuba lixhoba lazo . . . Umntu ebomini ufumana oko amiselwe ukuba uya kukufumana.”

Kuthekani ngamalungu eNgqobhoko ekuqikelelwa ukuba ali-1 700 lezigidi? Kuyavunywa ukuba, bambi kwiNgqobhoko basenokuthi abakholelwa kwilishwa koko bakholelwa kuThixo, abakholelwa ukuba iziganeko zimiselwa kusengaphambili koko bakholelwa ukuba nguThixo ogqiba kusengaphambili ngoko kuya kwenzeka. Kodwa iEncyclopœdia of Religion and Ethics iyavuma isithi: “Akunakutshiwo ukuba iNgqobhoko . . . ayikholelwa ngokupheleleyo kwiLishwa.” Wambi amahlelo asabambelele kwinkolelo yomhlaziyi wenkulungwane ye-16 uMartin Luther, owakhe wathi umntu “akakhululekanga kanye njengesiqobo, ilitye elikhulu, imbumba yomdongwe okanye intsika yetyuwa.”

Ukuphosa Phezulu Imali Ezingqekembe Nokujonga Iinkwenkwezi

Nangona iimbono ezilukhuni ngolu hlobo ngoku ziye zaba ziinkolelo ezingaxatyiswanga kangako kwiNgqobhoko, omnye umfundisi wezakwalizwi uyavuma ukuba inkoliso yamalungu eNgqobhoko isayamkela le nkolelo “njengento nje yasekuhlaleni.” Ngoxa kusamkelwa ngolo hlobo, ukukholelwa kwilishwa kusenokubonakala kuyinto ethandekayo okomzuzwana kuze kuthiywe igama elitsha lokuba lithamsanqa. Kunokwenzeka ukuba wazi ngabaninzi abathi ngamathuba athile baphose imali ezingqekembe ngelinge lokufumanisa enoba baza kuba nethamsanqa okanye ilishwa kusini na. Nangona besenokuzama ukukudungudelisa oku ngokuthi lisiko nje, bayaqhubeka bekwenza, ibe, maxa wambi, kubonakala kusebenza kubo. Ngokomzekelo, iThe New York Times kutshanje iye yanikela ingxelo yokuba indoda ehlala eUnited States yafumana ipeni (imali eyingqekembe) enomfanekiso wentloko ojonge phezulu emva kokuba ithenge amatikiti okungcakaza elottery. Yathi: “Sihlandlo ngasinye ndifumana ipeni enomfanekiso wentloko ojonge phezulu, ngalo lonke ixesha kwenzeka okuthile okulungileyo kum.” Ngesi sihlandlo, yazuza ii-R66,8 ezigidi. Ngaba ucinga ukuba ukukholelwa kwakhe kwithamsanqa, okanye kwilishwa kuye kwathotha?

Bambi abantu bayayihleka into yokuphosa phezulu iingqekembe zemali. Ukanti, basenokukholelwa ukuba ikamva labo limiselwe kwangaphambili ngentshukumo yeenkwenkwezi—enye inkalo yokukholelwa kwilishwa. EMntla Merika kuphela, amaphephandaba anokuba li-1 200 anemihlathi engokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi. Olunye uhlolisiso lwabonisa ukuba ama-55 ekhulwini olutsha lwaseUnited States akholelwa ekubeni ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kuyasebenza.

Ewe, enoba kuthiwa kukukholelwa kwiKismet, kwiKarma, kuThixo, kwithamsanqa okanye kwiinkwenkwezi, ukukholelwa kwilishwa kugqibe lonke ihlabathi yaye bekusenjenjalo kangangethuba elide. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba ubusazi ukuba kubo bonke abantu abangokwasembalini abadweliswe apha, mnye kuphela ongazange akholelwe kwilishwa? Ngubani lo ungazange akholelwe? Ibe imbono yakhe ngelishwa inokuyiphembelela njani eyakho?

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 4]

NGOOBANI ABAKHOLELWAYO KWILISHWA?