Intlekele ERwanda—Ngubani Obekek’ Ityala?
IU.S.News & World Report yathi: “Ngaphambi kokuba ukhakayi lomkhandi oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala luxatyelwe, omnye wabahlaseli wamxelela oku uHitiyise: ‘Ufanele ufe kuba ungumTutsi.’”
HAYI indlela ezazixhaphake ngayo iziganeko ezinjalo kwilizwe laseRwanda elincinane elikuMbindi Afrika ebudeni benyanga ka-Aprili noMeyi! Ngelo xesha kwakukho amabandla amaNgqina kaYehova ali-15 eKigali, isixeko esilikomkhulu laseRwanda, nakwiindawo ezikufuphi. Umveleli wesixeko, uNtabana Eugène, wayengumTutsi. Yena, umkakhe, unyana wakhe, nentombi yakhe eneminyaka esithoba ubudala, uShami, babephakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukubulawa xa kwaqhambuka ugonyamelo.
Amawaka abantu baseRwanda ayebulawa mihla le—iveki emva kweveki. Iphephancwadi leendaba elicatshulwe ngasentla lanikela le ngxelo phakathi kwinyanga kaMeyi: “Kwiiveki ezintandathu ezidluleyo, abantu abanokuba ngama-250 000 baye bafa kwiphulo lokutshabalalisa uhlanga luphela nelempindezelo elifana twatse nophalazo-gazi olwabangelwa ngamaKhmer Rouge eCambodia phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1970.”
Iphephancwadi iTime lathi: “Kwisiganeko esifana neseJamani yamaNazi, abantwana bakhethwa kwiqela labangama-500 ngenxa nje yokuba babekhangeleka njengamaTutsi. . . . Usibonda wedolophu esemazantsi iButare, otshate nomTutsi, wanikwa ukhetho [olubuhlungu] ngabantu abakumgangatho ophantsi abangamaHutu: wayenokusindisa umfazi nabantwana bakhe ukuba wayenokunikezela ngentsapho yasebukhweni bakhe—abazali nodade womfazi wakhe—ukuba babulawe. Wakuvuma oko.”
KwiOfisi Yokuguqulela yamaNgqina kaYehova eKigali kwakusebenza abantu abathandathu, abane kubo ingamaHutu yaye ababini ingamaTutsi. AbangamaTutsi yayinguAnanie Mbanda noMukagisagara Denise. Xa umkhosi kunye nabaphangi beza endlwini, baba lugcwabevu ngumsindo xa bafumana amaHutu ehlala ndawonye namaTutsi. Bafuna ukubulala uMbanda noDenise.
UEmmanuel Ngirente, omnye wabazalwana abangamaHutu wathi: “Baqalisa ukutsala iintsinjana kwiibhombu zabo eziphoswa ngesandla ukuze zidubule, besisongela ngokusibulala, ngenxa yokuba sasihlala neentshaba zabo. . . . Bafuna isixa esikhulu semali. Sabanika yonke imali esasinayo, kodwa abazange banele. Bagqiba ekubeni bathabathe yonke into ababenokuyisebenzisa njengembuyekezo, kuquka ikhompyutha encinane eyayisetyenziswa kumsebenzi wethu wokuguqulela, umatshini wethu wokukhuphela, oonomathotholo bethu, izihlangu zethu, njalo njalo. Ngephanyazo bahamba bengabulalanga namnye kuthi, kodwa bathi babeza kuphinda babuye.”
Kwiintsuku ezalandelayo, abaphangi baqhubeka bebuya, yaye sihlandlo ngasinye amaNgqina angamaHutu ayengxengxeza ngenxa yobomi babahlobo bawo abangamaTutsi. Ekugqibeleni, xa kwabonakala kuyingozi kakhulu ngoMbanda noDenise ukuba bahlale, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuba bahambe nezinye iimbacu ezingamaTutsi baye kwisikolo esikufuphi. Xa eso sikolo sahlaselwayo, uMbanda noDenise bakwazi ukusaba. Baphumelela ukugqitha kwiindawo eziliqela ekuhlolwa kuzo, kodwa ekugqibeleni kwenye yazo onke amaTutsi akhutshelwa ecaleni, yaye uMbanda noDenise babulawa.
Xa amajoni abuyela kwiOfisi Yokuguqulela aza afumanisa ukuba amaNgqina angamaTutsi ayemkile, la majoni ababetha kanobom abazalwana abangamaHutu. Kwandula ke kwadubula inkanunu kufuphi, baza abazalwana bakwazi ukusindisa ubomi babo.
Njengoko abantu babeqhubeka bebulawa kulo lonke ilizwe, inani labafileyo phantse ladlula kwisiqingatha sesigidi. Ekugqibeleni, abemi abaphakathi kwezigidi ezibini nezithathu, okanye ngaphezulu, kubemi baseRwanda abazizigidi ezisibhozo bawashiya amakhaya abo. Uninzi lwabo lwagob’ ityholo kumazwe angabamelwane iZaire neTanzania. Kwabulawa amaNgqina kaYehova angamakhulu, yaye amaninzi ngakumbi ayephakathi kwabo basabela kwiinkampu ezingaphandle kwelo lizwe.
Yintoni eyaphembelela oku kubulawa kwabantu nemfuduko enjalo engazange ibekho ngaphambili? Yayinjani imeko ngaphambi kokuba kuqhambuke ugonyamelo?
AmaHutu NamaTutsi
Ilizwe laseRwanda nelizwe eliselumelwaneni iBurundi anabemi abangamaHutu, ngokuqhelekileyo angabantu abaNtsundu abafutshane nabomeleleyo, kunye namaTutsi, ngokuqhelekileyo angabantu abasukileyo egadeni, anolusu olukhanyayo abakwaziwa ngokuba ngamaWatusi. Kula mazwe omabini ama-85 ekhulwini abemi ngamaHutu aze wona amaTutsi abe li-14 ekhulwini. Ungquzulwano phakathi kwala maqela eentlanga luye lwachazwa njengolusuka emva phayaa ngenkulungwane ye-15. Sekunjalo, ubukhulu becala, ebehleli kunye ngoxolo.
“Besifudula sihlala kunye ngoxolo,” latsho ibhinqa elinama-29 eminyaka ubudala lithetha ngama-3 000 amaHutu namaTutsi ahlala kwilali yaseRuganda, eziikhilomitha ezimbalwa kwimpuma yeZaire. Noko ke, ngoAprili amaqela amaHutu ahlasela aza abulala phantse onke amaTutsi ale lali. IThe New York Times yacacisa yathi:
“Oko kwenzeka kule lali koko kwenzeka kuyo yonke iRwanda: amaHutu namaTutsi ebehlala kunye, esendiselana, engakhathali okanye engazi nokwazi ukuba ngubani ongumHutu yaye ingubani umTutsi.
“Kwandula ke izinto zaguquka ngephanyazo. NgoAprili, amahlokondiba amaHutu ayetyhutyha lonke ilizwe etshabalalisa, ebulala amaTutsi naphi na apho ayewafumana khona. Xa kwaqalisa oku kubulawa kwabantu, amaTutsi asabela ezicaweni ukuze akhuseleke. Amahlokondiba alandela, azitsho iicawa zangamangcwaba azaliswe ligazi.”
Yintoni eyaphembelela oku kubulalana? Kukufa komongameli waseRwanda nowaseBurundi ngenxa yokuntlitheka kwenqwelo-moya eKigali ngoAprili 6, bobabini bengamaHutu. Ngandlel’ ithile esi siganeko asizange sibangele ukubulawa kwamaTutsi kuphela kodwa nawuphi na umHutu ekwakucingelwa ukuba uvelana nawo.
Kwangaxeshanye, umlo wathabath’ unyawo phakathi kwemikhosi yemvukelo—iR.P.F. (Rwandan Patriotic Front) ekhokelwa ngamaTutsi—nemikhosi kaRhulumente ekhokelwa ngamaHutu. NgoJulayi iR.P.F. yayoyisa imikhosi kaRhulumente yaza yalufumana ulawulo lweKigali nenxalenye enkulu yeRwanda. Esoyika impindezelo, ebutsheni bukaJulayi, amaHutu angamakhulu amawaka alinikel’ umva elo lizwe.
Ngubani Obekek’ Ityala?
Xa wacelwa ukuba acacise isizathu sokuqhambuka kogonyamelo ngequbuliso ngoAprili, umfama ongumTutsi wathi: “Kungenxa yeenkokeli ezingalunganga.”
Eneneni, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iinkokeli zobupolitika bezisasaza ubuxoki ngeentshaba zazo. Ngaphantsi kolwalathiso ‘lomphathi walo eli hlabathi,’ uSathana uMtyholi, abezobupolitika beli hlabathi baye baphembelela abantu babo ukuba balwe baze babulale abolunye uhlanga, okanye isizwe. (Yohane 12:31; 2 Korinte 4:4; 1 Yohane 5:19) Le meko ayahlukanga eRwanda. IThe New York Times yathi: “Abezobupolitika ngokuphindaphindiweyo baye bazama ukukhuthaza ukunyaniseka kuhlanga lukabani noloyiko lobuhlanga—abangamaHutu, besenzela ukuba bahlale belawula ubuRhulumente; abangamaTutsi, ukuze bafumane abaxhasi beqela lemvukelo.”
Ekubeni abantu baseRwanda befana ngeendlela ezininzi, ubani ebengenakucinga ukuba bangathiyana baze babulalane. Umcholacholi weendaba uRaymond Bonner wabhala wathi: “AmaHutu namaTutsi athetha ulwimi olunye yaye ubukhulu becala anezithethe ezifanayo. Emva kokuba ebesendiselana kangangezizukulwana ezininzi, ukwahluka ngenkangeleko—amaTutsi athe ncothu yaye anciphile, amaHutu mafutshane yaye anesiqu—kuye kwanyamalala kangangokuba abantu baseRwanda ngokufuthi abaqiniseki enoba ubani ungumHutu okanye umTutsi kusini na.”
Ukanti, ukusasazwa kobuxoki kutshanje kuye kwanesiphumo esingakholelekiyo. Ecacisa lo mbandela, uAlex de Waal, umlawuli weqela iAfrican Rights, wathi: “Abantu abakumgangatho ophantsi kwiindawo ezoyiswa yiR.P.F. kuthiwa bakhwankqiswa kukubona ukuba amajoni angamaTutsi akanazimpondo, misila namehlo akhazimlayo ebumnyameni—kuba le yindlela achazwa ngayo kumaziko osasazo abawaphulaphulayo.”
Asizonkokeli zobupolitika kuphela ezixonxa indlela abacinga ngayo abantu kodwa nonqulo lubandakanyekile. Ziziphi ezona nkonzo ziphambili eRwanda? Ngaba nazo zibekek’ ityala ngale ntlekele?
Indima Yonqulo
IThe World Book Encyclopedia (1994) ithi ngeRwanda: “Uninzi lwabantu ngamaRoma Katolika. . . . AmaRoma Katolika nezinye iicawa zobuKristu alawula uninzi lwezikolo zamabanga aphantsi nezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo.” Eneneni, iNational Catholic Reporter yathi iRwanda “lilizwe elinamaKatolika angama-70 ekhulwini.”
IThe Observer, yaseGreat Britain, ichaza indlela eyaqala ngayo le meko yonqulo eRwanda, iyacacisa: “Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1930, xa iicawa zazilwela ukulawula imfundo, amaKatolika ayexhasa ulawulo lwezihandiba zamaTutsi ngoxa amaProtestanti ayezimanyanise nesininzi samaHutu esasicinezelwe. Ngowe-1959 amaHutu alihlutha igunya aza ngokukhawuleza anandipha inkxaso yamaKatolika namaProtestanti. AmaProtestanti asawaxhasa ngamandla amaHutu.”
Ngokomzekelo, ngaba iinkokeli zecawa yamaProtestanti ziyakugweba ukubulawa kwabantu? IThe Observer iyaphendula: “Abefundisi ababini [abangamaTshetshi] babuzwa enoba babebagweba kusini na ababulali abazalisa indlela ephakathi kwezihlalo zeecawa zaseRwanda ngemizimba yabantwana abanqunyulwe iintloko.
“Bala ukuphendula. Bayiphepha imibuzo, bacaphuka, bathethela phezulu, yaye isizekabani sengxaki yaseRwanda sadandalaziswa—awona malungu aphambili ecawa yaseTshetshi ayengabathunywa beenkokeli zobupolitika eziye zashumayela ukubulala zaza zazalisa imilambo ngegazi.”
Ngokwenene, iicawa zeNgqobhoko zaseRwanda azahlukanga kwaphela kwiicawa zezinye iindawo. Ngokomzekelo, ethetha ngokuxhasa kwazo iinkokeli zobupolitika kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, uMphathi-mikhosi waseBritani uNjengele Frank P. Crozier wathi: “IiCawa zobuKristu ngabona badali bophalazo-gazi babalaseleyo esinabo yaye sibasebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo.”
Ewe, iinkokeli zonqulo zibekek’ ityala ngegalelo lazo elikhulu ngoko kwenzekileyo! INational Catholic Reporter kaJuni 3, 1994, yanikela le ngxelo: “Umlo kweli lizwe laseAfrika ubandakanya ‘ukutshatyalaliswa kohlanga luphela ngokwenene, ngelishwa, kwanamaKatolika abekek’ ityala kuko,’ utshilo upopu.”
Licacile elokuba iicawa ziye zasilela ukufundisa imigaqo yobuKristu bokwenene, esekelwe kwizibhalo ezinjengoIsaya 2:4 noMateyu 26:52. Ngokutsho kwephephandaba laseFransi iLe Monde, omnye umfundisi wakhala wathi: “Bayabulalana, ngalo lonke elo xesha balibele ukuba bangabazalwana.” Omnye umfundisi waseRwanda wavuma: “AmaKristu ebebulawa ngamanye amaKristu, emva kwenkulungwane kushunyayelwa ngothando nokuxolela. Oko bekulilize.” ILe Monde yabuza: “Ubani angakuphepha njani ukucinga ukuba amaTutsi namaHutu asemfazweni eBurundi naseRwanda afundiswa ngabavangeli bamaKristu abanye aza ahamba iicawa ezifanayo?”
AmaKristu Okwenyaniso Ahlukile
Abalandeli bokwenyaniso bakaYesu Kristu bathobela umyalelo wakhe ‘wokuthandana.’ (Yohane 13:34) Ngaba unokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni kaYesu okanye omnye wabapostile bakhe ethabatha isabile aze axabele umntu afe? Isenzo sokubulala esinjalo nesichasene nomthetho sibafanisa abantu ‘njengabantwana bakaMtyholi.’—1 Yohane 3:10-12.
AmaNgqina kaYehova akathabathi cala kwaphela kwiimfazwe, kwiimvukelo, okanye kulo naluphi na ungquzulwano olukhuthazwa ngabezobupolitika behlabathi, abalawulwa nguSathana uMtyholi. (Yohane 17:14, 16; 18:36; ISityhilelo 12:9) Kunoko, amaNgqina kaYehova abonakalisa uthando lokwenene phakathi kwawo. Ngaloo ndlela, ebudeni bokubulawa kwabantu, amaNgqina angamaHutu ngokuzithandela aye abeka ubomi bawo engozini kwimigudu yokukhusela abazalwana bawo abangamaTutsi.
Ukanti, iintlekele ezinjalo azifanele zisimangalise. Kwisiprofeto sikaYesu esiphathelele ‘ukupheliswa kwephakade eli,’ waxela kwangaphambili oku: ‘Ngelo xesha baya kunibulala.’ (Mateyu 24:3, 9) Okuvuyisayo kukuba, uYesu uthembisa ukuba abathembekileyo baya kukhunjulwa kuvuko lwabafileyo.—Yohane 5:28, 29.
Okwangoku, amaNgqina kaYehova aseRwanda nakwezinye iindawo azimisele ukuqhubeka ezingqina engabafundi bakaKristu ngokuthandana. (Yohane 13:35) Uthando lwawo lunikela ubungqina kwanaphakathi kwezi nzima zikhoyo, njengokuba butyhilwa yile ngxelo ithi “AmaNgqina Kwiinkampu Zeembacu.” Sonke sifanele sikhumbule oko kwathethwa nguYesu kwisiprofeto sakhe: “Ke onyamezeleyo kwada kwaba sekupheleni, lowo uya kusindiswa.”—Mateyu 24:13.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 29]
AMANGQINA KWIINKAMPU ZEEMBACU
NgoJulayi kulo nyaka, amalunga nama-4 700 amaNgqina nabahlobo bawo ebekwiinkampu zeembacu. EZaire, angama-2 376 ebeseGoma, angama-454 ebeseBukavu, yaye ali-1 592 ebeseUvira. Ukongezelela, angama-230 ebeseTanzania eBenaco.
Ukuya kwiindawo zeembacu bekungelula. Elinye ibandla lamaNgqina angama-60 lazama ukuwela ibhulorho iRusumo, eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokubalekela kwiinkampu zeembacu eTanzania. Xa kungazange kuvunywe ukuba agqithe, enjenjeya egudla unxweme lomlambo kangangeveki. Andula ke agqiba ekubeni azame ukuwela ngamaphenyane. Aphumelela, yaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, afika ekhuselekile kwinkampu yaseTanzania.
AmaNgqina kaYehova kwamanye amazwe enza imigudu emikhulu yokunikela uncedo. AmaNgqina aseFransi aqokelela iitoni zeempahla ezingaphezu kwekhulu neetoni ezisithoba zezihlangu, yaye ezo mpahla, ndawonye nokutya namayeza, zathunyelwa kwiindawo ezinentswelo. Phofu ke, ngokufuthi into yokuqala abazalwana abakwiinkampu zeembacu abayicelayo, yiBhayibhile okanye iphephancwadi IMboniselo okanye uVukani!
Uninzi lwababukeli lwachukunyiswa luthando olwaboniswa ngamaNgqina aseZaire nawaseTanzania, atyelela aza anceda abazalwana bawo abangenamakhaya. Iimbacu zithi: “Niye natyelelwa ngabantu bonqulo lwenu, kodwa thina asikatyelelwa ngumfundisi wolwethu.”
AmaNgqina aziwa ngokubanzi kwezi nkampu, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yomanyano, ukulungelelana, nesimo sawo sengqondo sothando. (Yohane 13:35) Kubangel’ umdla ukuphawula ukuba eBenaco, eTanzania, amaNgqina achitha imizuzu eli-15 kuphela efuna amanye amaNgqina aziimbacu phakathi kwabantu abangama-250 000 enkampini.