Ubufundamentali Buyintoni?
BAQALA nini ubufundamentali? Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane edlulileyo, abafundi ngezakwalizwi abangamagqala babeguqula iinkolelo zabo besamkela uhlalutyo oluqatha lweBhayibhile neengcamango zenzululwazi, ezinjengendaleko. Ngenxa yoko, intembelo yabantu eBhayibhileni yaxengaxengiswa. Iinkokeli zonqulo ezibambelele kumasiko angqongqo eUnited States zasabela ngokumisela oko zikubiza ngokuthi ziimfundiso ezisisiseko sokholo.a Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, zapapasha ungcelele lwemiqulu eyayixubusha ngeemfundiso ezisisiseko eyayinomxholo othi The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth. Ngokusuka kwesi sihlonipho kuvela igama elithi “fundamentalism.”
Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, ubufundamentali babusoloko busezindabeni. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1925, abaxhasi bobufundamentali bamangalela umfundisi-ntsapho uJohn Scopes waseTennessee, eUnited States, kwinkundla yamatyala eyathi yaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwetyala likaScopes. Laliyintoni ityala lakhe? Wayefundisa indaleko, yaye oko kwakuchasene nomthetho karhulumente. Ngaloo mihla, bambi babekholelwa ekubeni ubufundamentali babuya kuhlala nje ithutyana elingephi. Ngowe-1926, iphephancwadi lamaProtestanti iChristian Century, lathi le nkolelo “ayiqinanga yaye ayinasiseko” yaye “ayibonakali njengento eluncedo nenokuhlala ithuba elide.” Hayi indlela ekwakuphosakele ngayo ukucinga ngalo ndlela!
Ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1970, ubufundamentali bebusoloko busezindabeni. Unjingalwazi Miroslav Volf, weFuller Theological Seminary, eKhalifoniya, eUnited States uthi: “Ubufundamentali abuhlalanga xesha lide nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona buye banwenwa okomlilo wedobo.” Namhlanje igama elithi “ubufundamentali” alisebenzi kuphela kumbutho wamaProtestanti kodwa kwanakwabo bakwezinye iinkonzo, njengobuKatolika, ubuSilamsi, ubuYuda nobuHindu.
Indlela Obugqalwa Ngayo Kwixesha Lethu
Kutheni busasazeke kangaka ubufundamentali? Abo bafunda ngabo bathi, ubuncinane bubangelwe ngokuyinxenye, ngumlinganiselo wokuziphatha nokungaqiniseki konqulo kwixesha lethu. Kwiminyaka yamandulo inkoliso yebutho labantu yayiphila kwimekobume enemilinganiselo eqinisekileyo engokuziphatha esekelwe kwiinkolelo zezithethe. Ngoku ezo nkolelo zicelw’ umngeni okanye azifunwa. Iinkcuba-buchopho ezininzi zithi akukho Thixo nokuba umntu ushiywe yedwa kwihlabathi elingenankathalo. Inkoliso yezazinzulu ifundisa ukuba umntu wabakho ngendaleko, kungekhona ngezenzo zoMdali onothando. Le ngcamango yamkelwa ngokubanzi. Ihlabathi lithwaxwa kukuwohloka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwindidi zonke zebutho loluntu.—2 Timoti 3:4, 5, 13.
Abaxhasi bobufundamentali balangazelela ixesha elidlulileyo apho izinto zaziqinisekile, yaye bambi babo bazama ukubuyisela ibutho labo labantu nezizwe emva koko bavakalelwa kukuba kufanelekile kwimilinganiselo engokuziphatha neemfundiso ezisiseko. Benza konke okusemandleni abo ukunyanzelisa abanye ukuba baphile ngomlinganiselo wokuziphatha “ochanileyo” nenkqubo yeenkolelo zemfundiso yabo. Umxhasi wobufundamentali uqiniseke gqitha ukuba yena uchanile yaye abanye abachananga. Unjingalwazi James Barr, kwincwadi yakhe ethi Fundamentalism, uthi ubufundamentali “ngokufuthi bugqalwa njengenkqubo enobutshaba nelihlazo ebonakalisa ukungaphangalali ngengqondo, enekhethe, enxamnye nokusasazwa kolwazi nekhuthaza amahlelo.”
Ekubeni kungekho mntu othanda ukuba kuthiwe akaphangalalanga ngengqondo, unekhethe, okanye ukhuthaza amahlelo, asingabo bonke abavumayo ukuba ngubani ongumxhasi wobufundamentali okanye ngubani ongenguye. Noko ke, kukho iinkalo ezithile ezibonakalisa ubufundamentali bonqulo.
Ukufanisa Umxhasi Wobufundamentali
Ubufundamentali budla ngokuzama ukugcina oko kwakukholelwa ukuba zizithethe zantlandlolo okanye isiko leenkolelo zonqulo buze buchase oko kubonakala njengomoya wehlabathi. Oko akuthethi ukuthi abaxhasi bobufundamentali bachasa zonke izinto zanamhlanje. Bambi basebenzisa izinto zonxibelelwano lwanamhlanje ngendlela ephumelelayo ukuxhasa iimbono zabo. Kodwa bachasene nokukhuthazwa kwebutho labantu ekubeni lungalukhathaleli unqulo.b
Bambi abaxhasi bobufundamentali bazimisele kungekuphela nje kwinkqubo yeemfundiso ezisisithethe okanye indlela yobomi kodwa ukuzinyanzela kwabanye, ukuguqula inkqubo yentlalo ukuze ivumelane neenkolelo zobufundamentali. Ngoko ke, umxhasi wobufundamentali ongumKatolika, uya kukukhaba ngawo omane ukuqhomfa. Usenokunyanzela abameli abasemthethweni belizwe lakhe ukumisela imithetho ekwalelayo ukuqhomfa. Ngokutsho kwephephandaba lasePoland, iLa Repubblica, ukuze upheliswe umthetho owalela ukuqhomfa, iCawa yamaKatolika yalwa “‘imfazwe’ isebenzisa onke amandla nempembelelo enayo.” Ngokwenza ngolo hlobo, amagosa aphambili ecawa enza izinto kanye njengoko besenza abaxhasi bobufundamentali. IChristian Coalition yamaProtestanti eUnited States ilwa “iimfazwe” ezifanayo.
Abaxhasi bobufundamentali bahlulwa ngokukhethekileyo ngokunamathela kwiinkolelo zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, umxhasi wobufundamentali wamaProtestanti uya kukuxhasa ngokuqinisekileyo ukutolikwa ngokoqobo kweBhayibhile, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba oku kuquka inkolo yokuba umhlaba wadalwa ngeentsuku ezintandathu zokoqobo. Umxhasi wobufundamentali ongumKatolika akayithandabuzi ingcamango yokugqibelela kukapopu.
Ngoko ke, siyaqondakala isizathu sokuba igama elithi “ubufundamentali” libe linika umfanekiso-ngqondweni wokuzinikela kwempambano ongekho ngqiqweni nesizathu sokuba abo bangabuxhasiyo ubufundamentali kubaxhalabisa ukubona ubufundamentali busanda. Njengabantu ngabanye, sisenokungavumelani nabaxhasi bobufundamentali zize zibe lizothe ingcamango zabo zobupolitika kunye nezenzo zabo maxa wambi ezinogonyamelo. Eneneni, abaxhasi bobufundamentali bolunye unqulo basenokunkwantyiswa zizenzo zolunye unqulo! Sekunjalo, abantu abaninzi abacingayo baxhalatyiswa zizinto ezikhuthaza ukusasazeka kobufundamentali—ukuyekelel’ umxakatho kumbandela wokuziphatha, ukuphelelwa lukholo nokungazikhathaleli izinto zokomoya kwebutho lanamhlanje.
Ngaba ubufundamentali bukuphela kwesicombululo sokujamelana nale meko? Ukuba akunjalo, yiyiphi enye indlela?
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Okubizwa ngokuba Ziingongoma Ezintlanu Zobufundamentali, kwachazwa ngowe-1895, “(1) yayikukuphefumlelwa okupheleleyo nokungabi nampazamo kweSibhalo; (2) ukuba nguthixo kukaYesu Kristu; (3) ukuzalwa okunyulu kukaKristu; (4) ucamagusho oluyintlawulo lukaKristu emnqamlezweni; (5) ukuvuswa kukaKristu esemzimbeni nokuza kwakhe okwesibini ngokobuqu nangokoqobo emhlabeni.”—Studi di teologia (Izifundo Ngezakwalizwi).
b “Ukukhuthazwa kwabantu ukuba bangalukhathaleli unqulo” kuthetha ukubethelela izinto zenyama, ngokuchasene nezinto zomoya okanye ezingcwele. Umntu ogxininisa kwizinto zenyama akalukhathalele unqulo okanye iinkolelo zonqulo.
[Blurb On Page 5]
Ngowe-1926 iphephancwadi lamaProtestanti, lathi le nkolelo yobufundamentali “ayiqinanga yaye ayinasiseko” yaye “ayibonakali njengento eluncedo nenokuhlala ithuba elide”