Amacebiso Aguquguqukayo “Eengcali”
ABANTU abasebenzisa iikhompyutha namhlanje banokwenza uphando ngokuphathelele amacebiso okukhulisa abantwana kwi-Internet yaye ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso banokufumana imithombo yenkcazelo engaphezu kwama-26 ezigidi, ethetha ngalo mbandela. Ukuba ubunokuchitha umzuzu omnye ufunde inkcazelo nganye, umntwana wakho ebeya kukhula ade aye kuzakhela owakhe umzi ungekagqibi ukufunda.
Ngelaa xesha babengekabikho oogqirha babantwana, izazi ngokusebenza kwengqondo yomntwana neInternet, abazali babewafumana phi amacebiso okukhulisa abantwana? Babedla ngokuncedwa zizalamane. Oonina, ooyise, ooninakazi nooninalume babebanika amacebiso, imali, babagcinele nabantwana babo. Kodwa kumazwe amaninzi, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kuye kwavula umsantsa phakathi kwezalamane. Ngokuqhelekileyo namhlanje, oomama nootata bayazikhulisela abantwana babo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, eso sesinye sezizathu ezibangela ukuba ishishini lokunyamekela abantwana lande ngokukhawuleza. Esinye isizathu sesokuba abantu abaninzi bathembele kumacebiso enzululwazi. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1800, abantu baseMerika babesele beyisekile lelokuba inzululwazi inokuphucula zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu. Yintoni ke eyayinokuxaka inzululwazi ngokuphathelele ukukhuliswa kwabantwana? Ngoko, xa iAmerican National Congress of Mothers yakhalaza ngokuphandle “ngokusilela kwabazali ekukhuliseni abantwana” ngowe-1899, “iingcali zenzululwazi” zathembisa ngokuza namacebiso ngokuphathelele lo mba. Zathembisa ngokunikela uncedo koomama nootata abanengxaki yokukhulisa abantwana.
Ukukhulisa Abantwana Ngamacebiso Afumaneka Ezincwadini
Noko ke, yintoni eye yaphunyezwa zezi ngcali? Ngaba abazali namhlanje abanangxaki okanye bakufumanisa kulula ukukhulisa abantwana kunokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili? Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje olwenziwe eBritani, akunjalo. Olu hlolisiso lubonisa ukuba, abazali abamalunga nama-35 ekhulwini abanabantwana abaselula basawafuna amacebiso abanokuwathemba. Abanye babona kubhetele ukuhamba ngabayibonayo.
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi, Raising America: Experts, Parents, and a Century of Advice About Children, uAnn Hulbert uhlolisisa inkcazelo ekwiincwadi ezabhalwa ziingcali ngokuphathelele ukukhulisa abantwana. Lo kaHulbert onabantwana ababini, ubonisa ukuba kumacebiso anikelwa ziingcali, ambalwa awayesekelwe kwizibakala ezingqinwa yinzululwazi. Kunoko, kubonakala ukuba amacebiso azo ayesekelwe kumava obuqu kunokuba asekelwe kwiingcamango ezisengqiqweni. Ngoko ke, kuyabonakala ukuba izinto ezininzi ezazibhalwe ziingcali ziphelelwe lixesha, ziyaphikisana yaye maxa wambi ziphum’ endleleni.
Ngoko ke, injani imeko yabazali namhlanje? Ngeliphandle, abaninzi badidekile, abazi ukuba mabakhethe liphi kumacebiso neengcamango neembono ezininzi ezikhoyo eziphikisanayo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abazali abavakalelwa kukuba bashiywe enyanyeni. Ehlabathini lonke, abazali bayangenelwa kumacebiso anokuthenjwa afumaneka kumthombo wobulumko wamandulo, njengoko siza kubona kwinqaku elilandelayo.