Iinkuku—Zixhaphakile Kwaye Zininzi

NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! EKENYA

INKUKU iphantse ibe yeyona ntaka ixhaphakileyo emhlabeni. Ngokokutsho koqikelelo, kukho iinkuku ezingaphezu kwezigidi zamawaka ezili-13! Yaye inyama yazo ithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba kutyiwa ngaphezulu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka angama-33 ezigidi nyaka ngamnye. Ngaphezu koko, izikhukukazi zizalela amaqanda angamawaka ezigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka ehlabathini lonke.

Kumazwe aseNtshona, zininzi iinkuku yaye azixabisi kangako. Kumashumi eminyaka adlulayo, abavoti baseUnited States bathenjiswa ukuba ntsapho nganye iya kukwazi ukuthenga inkuku kuphela ukuba banyule ummeli othile. Noko ke, namhlanje inkuku ayisiso isidlo esikhethekileyo eyayikade isiso ngaphambili okanye ifumaneka nje kubantu abambalwa. Kwenzeka njani ukuba le ntaka ikhethekileyo ixhaphake ize ithandwe kangaka? Yaye kuthekani ngamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo? Ngaba likho ithemba lokuba nawo anokuba nesabelo kule ntabalala?

Ingxelo Ngale Ntaka

Inkuku ngumzukulwana wenkuku yasendle ebomvu yaseAsia. Abantu bakhawuleza bafumanisa ukuba inkuku ingenziwa isilwanyana sasekhaya lula. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kwiminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo, uYesu Kristu wabhekisela kwindlela isikhukukazi esiwaqokelela ngayo amantshontsho aso ngaphantsi kwamaphiko aso akhuselayo. (Mateyu 23:37; 26:34) Ukusetyenziswa komzekeliso onjalo kubonisa ukuba abantu ngokubanzi babeqhelene nale ntaka. Kodwa ukuveliswa kweenkuku namaqanda kwaba liphulo lezorhwebo kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19.

Namhlanje inkuku yeyona nyama yentaka ixhaphakileyo. Iinkuku zikhuliswa kwiindawo ezininzi gqitha—kuquka neentsapho ezisezidolophini—ukuze zisetyenziswe ekhaya nakwezorhwebo. Eneneni, zimbalwa izilwanyana zasefama ezikwazi ukwanda kwiindawo zomhlaba ezahlukahlukene ngolu hlobo njengeenkuku. Amazwe amaninzi aye avelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngokwemozulu neemfuno zazo. Ezinye zezi ziquka: iAustralorp yaseOstreliya; iLeghorn edumileyo, evela kwiMeditera kodwa exhaphakileyo eUnited States; iNew Hampshire, iPlymouth Rock, iRhode Island Red, kunye neWyandotte, zonke eziveliswa eUnited States; kunye neCornish, iOrpington, neSussex, ezivela eNgilani.

Indlela ezihambele phambili zobugcisa benzululwazi zenze ukufuya iinkuku kwaba lelona candelo lihambele phambili kwezemfuyo. EUnited States, abafuyi basebenzisa iindlela ezilawulayo zokondla nokugcina iinkuku, kuquka neendlela zenzululwazi zokulawula izifo. Abantu abaninzi bayazigxeka ezi ndlela zemveliso zikhawulezileyo njengezikhohlakeleyo. Kodwa oko akukhange kubathintele abafuyi ekuveliseni iindlela ezibhetele zokufuya ezi ntaka. Ubugcisa bezi mini benza kube lula ukuba umntu omnye akwazi kunyamekela iinkuku ezisusela kuma-25 000 ukusa kuma-50 000. Kuthabatha iinyanga ezintathu kuphela ukuba iinkuku zifikelele kubunzima obufunekayo kwezorhwebo.a

Ziyinyama

Tyelela nayiphi na ihotele, ivenkile yokutyela okanye naphi na apho kuthengiswa ukutya, yaye akusoze ungayiboni inyama yale ntaka yasekhaya kwizidlo ezikhoyo. Enyanisweni, iindawo ezithengisa ukutya okukhawulezileyo ehlabathini zikubalaselisa ngokugqithisileyo ukuthengiswa kwenkuku. Kusekho iindawo apho inkuku isengundoqo wokutya kwezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo. Kwamanye amazwe afana neIndiya, kuye kwaveliswa iindlela ezibangel’ umdla zokupheka le ntaka. Izidlo ezinjengenkuku enepepile ebomvu, ilal murgi; inkuku enqunqiweyo, ikurgi murgi; kunye nenkuku efakwe kwijinja, iadrak murgi, ziluncuthu mazangwa!

Kutheni inkuku ithandwa kangaka? Esinye isizathu kukuba, zimbalwa kakhulu izidlo ezikwaziyo ukunongwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo njengayo. Uyithanda xa iphekwe njani? Iqhotswe, yosiwe, iphekwe ngamanzi okanye yenziwe isityu? Vula phantse nayiphi na incwadi yokupheka, yaye unokufumana iindlela ezininzi zokupheka inkuku ezenzelwe ukuba qatha ngalinye limuncis’ iintupha.

Ngenxa yokuba ikho kumazwe amaninzi, inkuku iyafikeleleka ngexabiso. Ikwangumhlobo weengcali zokutya, ngenxa yokuba ineeprotini, iivithamini nezakha-mzimba ezibalulekileyo kumzimba kabani. Sekunjalo, inkuku ayinazikilojoule zingako, kukwanjalo nangamafutha aneeasidi, kunye namanye amafutha nje.

Ukondla Amazwe Asakhasayo

Kakade ke, asingawo onke amazwe anentabalala yemveliso zeenkuku. Oko kuphawuleka kwimbono yengxelo yegqiza leBhunga Lenzululwazi Nobugcisa Kwezolimo, eyathi: “Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labemi behlabathi liza kwanda liye kutsho kumawaka ezigidi azisisi-7,7 ngonyaka wama-2020 . . . Noko ke, ukwanda kwabemi okuninzi (95%) kulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke kumazwe asakhasayo.” Le ngxelo ichana ngakumbi xa ucinga ngokuba kwangoku abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-800 abondlekanga!

Sekunjalo, uninzi lweengcali luvakalelwa kukuba inkuku inokuba nendima ebalulekileyo ekondleni aba bantu balambileyo nasekubeni yingeniso efuneka ngamandla kubafuyi. Ingxaki kukuba ukufuna ezi ntaka ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kunokuba lucelomngeni olungathethekiyo kumafama ahluphekayo. Isizathu sikukuba, kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo iinkuku zifuywa ngokukhethekileyo kwiifama okanye kumakhaya amancinane asemaphandleni. Yaye kumazwe anjalo, iinkuku azihlaliswa kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo okanye ezivalekileyo. Ebudeni bemini ezi ntaka ziyavulelwa ukuze zidakase zifuna ukutya, zibuyele ekhaya ebusuku, maxa wambi zingungelane emithini okanye kwiihoko zamazinki.

Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba, iintaka ezininzi ezikhuliswa ngolo hlobo zisifa—ezinye njengamaxhoba esifo seenkuku esibulalayo iNewcastle zimbi zibulawa zezinye iintshaba, izilwanyana okanye abantu. Inkoliso yabafuyi ayinalwazi okanye imali eyaneleyo yokondla iinkuku zabo, ukuzenzela indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo okanye ukuzikhusela kwizifo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu kuye kwaqaliswa iinkqubo zokunceda ekufundiseni abafuyi kumazwe asakhasayo. Ngokomzekelo, umbutho iFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, kutshanje uye waqalisa iphulo leminyaka emihlanu “eliza kuba yingenelo kumaphandle aseAfrika ahlelelekileyo ngemveliso yeenkuku eyongezelelekileyo.”

Okwangoku akwaziwa ukuba iya kuba yintoni imiphumo yamaphulo aneenjongo ezintle ngolo hlobo. Ngoko kubahlali bamazwe afumileyo ngumnqa ukucinga ukuba into exhaphake njengeqatha lenkuku inokungafumaneki kwinkoliso yabemi bomhlaba. Kubo, ingcamango ‘yenkuku kwikhaya ngalinye’ inokubonakala njengento ubani anokuyilangazelela kodwa angayifumani.

Ukuba ungayivuyela inkcazelo engakumbi okanye ungathanda ukuba uthile eze ekhayeni lakho ukuze akuqhubele isifundo seBhayibhile sesisa, nceda ubhalele kwiJehovah’s Witnesses, Private Bag X2067, Krugersdorp, 1740, South Africa, okanye kwidilesi efanelekileyo kwezidweliswe kwiphepha 5.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

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Indlela Ekhuselekileyo Yokuphatha Inyama Yenkuku Ekrwada

“Inyama yenkuku ekrwada inokuba likhaya leentsholongwane eziyingozi njengentsholongwane isalmonella, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nenyameko engakumbi xa uyipheka. Ngalo lonke ixesha, hlamba izandla zakho, iplanga lokusikela, imela kunye nesikere senkuku ngamanzi ashushu ngaphambi nasemva kokuphatha inkuku. Kuhle ukusebenzisa iplanga lokusikela elinokuhlanjwa ngamanzi ashushu kakhulu . . . yaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukusikela inyama yenkuku ekrwada kuphela kwelo planga. Yinyibilikise ngokupheleleyo inyama yenkuku enomkhence ngaphambi kokuyipheka.”—The Cook’s Kitchen Bible.

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 30]

Ezinye iintlobo zeenkuku yiWhite Leghorn, iGray Jungle Fowl, iOrpington, iPolish, neSpeckled Sussex

[Inkcazelo]

Zonke ngaphandle kweWhite Leghorn: © Barry Koffler/www.feathersite.com

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 31]

Kwenziwa imizamo yokunceda abafuyi abakumazwe asakhasayo ukuba bandise imveliso yeenkuku

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EUnited States, iinkuku ezingama-90 ekhulwini zifuyelwa inyama yazo