Ngaba Sikho Isicombululo?
WENZA ntoni ngento xa ungasayifuni? Ukuthi “ndiyayilahla” kusenokubonakala kuyimpendulo elula neqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ukulahla inkunkuma akusoloko kulula ngolo hlobo. Ukuba uyayilahla, uyilahla phi? Umbutho waseItali ojongene nemeko-bume uqikelela ukuba ibhotile yeglasi elahlwe elwandle, inokuthabatha iminyaka eli-1 000 ngaphambi kokuba ibole. Ngokwahlukileyo, wona amaphepha anokubola kwisithuba nje seenyanga ezintathu. Isijungqe secuba sinokungcolisa ulwandle kangangeminyaka emi-5; iibhegi zeplastiki, kangangeminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20; izinto zenayiloni, kangangeminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40; iitoti, kangangeminyaka engama-500; ukanti izinto zepolystyrene, kangangeminyaka eli-1 000.
Le nkunkuma sele yande ngendlela engathethekiyo. Ngoku zininzi izinto ezithengiswa kwiindawo zentengiso, yaye ababhengezi bafuna sikholelwe ukuba zonke ezo zinto ziyimfuneko. Iphephandaba laseBritani iThe Guardian liyenza icace lento xa lisithi: “Ababhengezi basinceda sibone iimfuno ebesingaqondi ukuba sinazo.” Enyanisweni, silukuhlelwa ukuba sithenge ezona zinto zala maxesha, kuba singafuni zisiphose. Yaye ngokwendlela abathetha ngayo ababhengezi, into “entsha” “yeyona ibhetele nekumgangatho ophezulu,” ngoxa “endala” “iphelelwe kwaye ishiywe lixesha.”
Ngexa yoko, sisoloko sikhuthazwa ukuba sithenge izinto ezintsha kunokuba silungise ezo sinazo zindala. Kuthiwa kubhetele ukuthenga izinto ezintsha, kuba kubiza imali encinane kunokulungisa ezo zindala. Oko kuyinyaniso kwezinye iimeko. Noko ke, kumaxesha amaninzi, ukulahla into endala uze uthenge entsha kubiza imali eninzi yaye akuyomfuneko.
Izinto ezininzi namhlanje zenziwa ngohlobo lokuba ziphinde zilahlwe. Kusenokuba nzima ukuzilungisa ezi zinto—nto leyo omele uyijonge xa uzithenga. Elinye iphephancwadi labathengi laseJamani lathi: “Izinto ezenziwa ngoku, zikhawuleza ziphelelwe lixesha. Into ‘ebisefashonini’ kwixeshana nje elidluleyo, ‘akusathethwa nto’ ngayo kwezi mini, yaye iphelela emgqomeni. Ngoko izinto ezixabisekileyo iba zizinto zokulahlwa ezingakhathalelwanga!”
Ngaba kuyingenelo ukuthenga kuba nje uxakwe yinto yokwenza ngemali? Enyanisweni, abona bantu bangenelwayo ngoosomashishini abazimisele ukuzalisa iingxowa zabo. Iphephandaba leeveki zonke laseSwitzerland iDie Weltwoche lithi: “Ngokuqinisekileyo uqoqosho beluya kudodobala kalusizi ukuba nje wonke umntu ubenokusebenzisa ifanitshala nenqwelo-mafutha yakhe ubomi bakhe bonke, okanye ayisebenzise ngokuphindwe kabini kunokuba esenza ngoku.” Kodwa besingenakuthanda ukuba yenzeke loo nto, kuba ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho bekuya kwenza abathengi baphulukane nemisebenzi yabo. Ngoko, ziziphi ezinye izicombululo kwingxaki yenkunkuma eninzi?
Ngaba Ifanele Ilahlwe, Itshintshwe Okanye Iphungulwe?
Amanye amazwe asele ehambele phambili azenzela lula, ngokuthabatha inkunkuma aye kuyilahla kumazwe asakhasayo. Ngokomzekelo, enye ingxelo ithi “kwenye indawo enale ngxaki eNigeria, kwafunyanwa iitoni zemichiza eyingozi ezingama-3 500 zivuza kumagongqo angaphezu kwama-8 000, awayebolile yaye edlekile, yaye le michiza yayityhefa umhlaba namanzi angaphantsi.” Ukuyilahla ngale ndlela inkunkuma kubonakala kungesosicombululo sisiso, kungeyiyo nendlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha abanye abantu.
Kuthekani ngokutshintsha izinto ezingafunekiyo ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe kunokuba zilahlwe? Kambe ke, ukwenza loo nto kufuna ukuba abathengi bayahlula-hlule inkunkuma, nto leyo esele igunyaziswa ngumthetho kwezinye iindawo. Abasemagunyeni basenokufuna ukuba inkunkuma yahlulwa-hlulwe, amaphepha abekwe odwa, ngokunjalo neekhadibhodi, iintsimbi, iiglasi nemvuthuluka yezityalo. Kanti zona iiglasi kusenokufuneka zahlula-hlulwe ngokwemibala.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukutshintsha izinto kunazo iingenelo. Incwadi ethi 5000 Days to Save the Planet ithi ukutshintsha ialuminum “konga amandla amaninzi” yaye “kunokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwa kwimeko-bume, monakalo lowo obangelwa yingqushu ephuma xa kusimbiwa ialuminum.” Le ncwadi iqhubeka icacise ngelithi: “Xa kutshintshwa iphepha, kusetyenziswa isiqingatha samandla nentwana nje yamanzi kunalawo adla ngokusetyenziswa xa elo phepha liza kuqalwa phantsi. . . . Uninzi lwezinto ezilahlwayo lunokuqokelelwa, lutshintshwe luze luphinde lusetyenziswe. . . . Kwanezo nkampani zingenakuphinda zizisebenzise izinto ezizilahlayo, maxa wambi zinokuzitshintsha ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe zezinye . . . EHolland, bekusoloko kutshintshiselwana ngezinto ezilahlwayo ukususela ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1970.”
Kunokufuna iindlela zokulahla inkunkuma, abanye oorhulumente bakhuthaza ukuba kuthintelwe ubukho bayo. Le ncwadi ikhankanywe ngasentla ilumkisa ngelithi “kufanele kuthatyathwe amanyathelo angxamisekileyo” ukuba uluntu “lufuna ukuphepha iindleko zokulahla inkunkuma . . . luze luzame ukuyinciphisa, luyeke nale nto yokuthanda ukuthenga.”
Noko ke, abo bafuna “ukuphepha iindleko zokulahla inkunkuma” kuya kufuneka bakulungele ukusebenzisa izinto abanazo ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka, bazilahle kuphela xa zingasenakuphinda zilungiswe. Izinto abangazifuniyo, kodwa ezisekwimeko entle, banokuzinika abanye abantu abanokuzisebenzisa. Iofisi ebizwa ngokuba yiDarmstadt yeGerman Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology) ithi ikhaya elinokubambelela ngokuqinileyo kumgaqo othi, “Sebenzisa izinto onazo kunokuba uthenge ezinye,” beliya kuba nenkunkuma engaphantsi ngama-75 ekhulwini kuneyamanye amakhaya aqhelekileyo.
Kodwa ngaba amakhaya amaninzi aya kubambelela kuloo mgaqo? Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka oko. Ingxaki yenkunkuma ibonisa ukuba zikho ezinye iingxaki ezinkulu ezithwaxa abantu. Namhlanje sele kusegazini kubantu abaninzi ukuthanda ukulahla. Makhe siphonononge lo mkhwa—neengozi ezimbalwa ezinokubangelwa nguwo.
Iingozi Zokuthanda Ukulahla
Ukuthanda ukulahla kusenokungapheleli nje ekulahleni izinto ezincinane. Kunokwenza abantu bangabi naxabiso baze bangasebenzisi ngqiqo, kangangokuba bade ngokungakhathali, balahle ukutya okuninzi nezinye izinto abangakhange bazisebenzise. Abantu abazicingelayo, abathanda ifashoni nabanamatshamba basenokuziva benyanzelekile ukuba bathenge iimpahla, ifanitshala nezinye izinto, zingekonakali ezo banazo.
Noko ke, umntu usenokungathandi ukulahla izinto nje kuphela. Kutshanje, abo bakwiphulo laseJamani lokuqokelela izinto ezilahlwayo ezinokusetyenziswa ekhaya, baye bathi: “Ukulahla ifanitshala yegumbi lethu lokuhlala, emva nje kweminyaka emihlanu kuba singasayithandi, size sithenge entsha, kubonisa indlela esibajonga ngayo abantu. Kazi koda kube nini na abantu benyamezele le meko.” Le ngxelo icacisa ngelithi: “Xa umntu sele engasakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe njengangaphambili, uyatshintshwa kuqeshwe omnye. Ngapha koko, baninzi abantu abanokwenza loo msebenzi wakhe!”
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi, Earth in the Balance, owayesakuba nguSekela-mongameli waseUnited States, uAl Gore wabuza lo mbuzo ufanelekileyo: “Ukuba izinto esinazo sizigqala njengezokulahlwa, ngaba nabantu sele sibagqala ngaloo ndlela? . . . Ngaba sele siphelelwe luxabiso ngobuntu bethu obungafaniyo?”
Abantu abangenaxabiso nentlonelo ngabanye basenokukufumanisa kulula—yaye kungaphosakalanga—ukulahla abahlobo namaqabane omtshato. Lithetha ngale ndlela yokucinga, iphephandaba laseJamani, iSüddeutsche Zeitung lithi: “Kabini ngonyaka sithenga iimpahla ezintsha zokunxiba, emva kweminyaka emine sithenge inqwelo-mafutha entsha size emva kweminyaka elishumi sithenge ifanitshala yegumbi lokuphumla; nyaka ngamnye sikhangela indawo entsha esinokuchitha kuyo ikhefu; sitshintsha indawo yokuhlala, umsebenzi neshishini—yintoni ke eya kusinqanda singawatshintshi amaqabane ethu omtshato?”
Namhlanje, kubonakala ngathi abantu abaninzi bakulungele ukulahla phantse yonke into abacinga ukuba ingumthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, kwelinye ilizwe laseYurophu kuqikelelwa ukuba ngowe-1999, kwalahlwa iikati ezili-100 000 nezinja ezingama-96 000. Elinye itsha-ntliziyo elilwela ukhuseleko lwezilwanyana kwelo, lithi abantu balapho “abakugqali njengento yexesha elide ukuba nesilwanyana. Bathenga umbundlwane ngoSeptemba, baze bawulahle ngoAgasti [emva konyaka xa besiya ekhefini].” Eyona nto imbi kakhulu yeyokuba, ngoku abantu abasakhathalele nobabo ubomi.
Ukungabuhloneli Ubomi
Kubonakala ngathi abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ubomi babo abuxabisekanga. Njani? Ngokomzekelo, iphephancwadi laseYurophu likhe lathi, kwiminyaka yakutshanje baninzi abantu abaselula abakulungeleyo ukubeka ubomi babo esichengeni. Oku kunokubonwa kwindlela abakuthanda ngayo ukudlala imidlalo eyingozi. Ekubeni befuna nje ukuzonwabisa okwethutyana, bakulungele nokuncama ubomi! Oosomashishini abangoongxow’ ayibotshwa baxhakamfula eli thuba ukuze benze ingeniso. Elinye itsha-ntliziyo lezobupolitika eJamani lathi ‘into ephambili kubaxhasi bemidlalo eyingozi, kukwenza ingeniso kunempilo nobomi babantu.’
Yaye kuthekani ngokuqhomfa? IWorld Health Organization iqikelela ukuba “ehlabathini lonke, abantwana abamalunga nama-75 ezigidi abakhawulwayo nyaka ngamnye, abafunwa. Amabhinqa amaninzi abhenela ekuqhomfeni.” Kwanasemva kokuba zizelwe, ezi mveku ziba sengozini. Iphephandaba laseBrazil iO Estado de S. Paulo lithi “baninzi abantwana abalahlwa ezitratweni.” Ngaba kunjalo nakwindawo ohlala kuyo?
Naphi na ehlabathini namhlanje, siyabubona ubungqina bokuba ubomi bomntu bugqalwa njengento engaxabisekanga, engabalulekanga, enokulahlwa nje ngokungakhathali. Le nto siyibona kugonyamelo oluthandwayo kwezolonwabo, apho “amaqhawe” ebulala inkitha yabantu ekucingelwa ukuba “bangendawo,” kumfanekiso oshukumayo okanye kwinkqubo nje enye kamabonwakude. Siyibona nakulwaphulo-mthetho oluzalise umhlaba, apho amasela ebulala abantu ngenxa yemalana nje encinane—okanye ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kanti siyibona kwiindaba ezibuhlungu eziphathelele izenzo zabanqolobi, ukutshayelwa kohlanga nokubulawa kwabantu ngokumasikizi, zinto ezo eziquka ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngokungenalusini—kucinywa ubomi obuxabisekileyo, ngokungathi kulahlwa inkunkuma.
Iimeko zisenokusinyanzela ukuba sihlale phakathi kwabantu abathanda ukulahla, kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba sibe njengabo. Inqaku elilandelayo liza kuxubusha oko kunokusinceda sikwazi ukuphila phakathi kwabantu abathanda ukulahla, size simelane nezinto ezingathandekiyo ezihambisana nako.
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Kwiindawo ezininzi ngumthetho ogunyazisa ukuba kutshintshwe izinto
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Ngaba ukutshintsha kwefashoni kukunyanzela ukuba ulahle iimpahla ezingekonakali uze uthenge ezintsha?
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Iintsana ezingekazalwa zifanele zixatyiswe, zingalahlwa
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Index Stock Photography Inc./BSIP Agency
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Ubomi buxabiseke gqitha ukuba bungade bubekwe esichengeni ngenxa yolonwabo