Ngaba Ukukholelwa KuThixo Kuchasene Nenzululwazi?
XA UFUNDA ngenzululwazi, yinto eqhelekileyo ukufumana amabinzana asekelwe kunqulo. Ngokomzekelo, kukhe kuthiwe izazinzulu “zingababingeleli abakhulu abafundisa ubugcisa,” kuze kuthiwe iilebhu zazo “ziitempile” okanye “izakhiwo zeengcwele.” Kakade ke, loo mabinzana zizafobe nje. Noko ke, anokubangela ubani azibuze lo mbuzo ubalulekileyo: Ngaba inzululwazi nonqulo ziyaphikisana?
Abanye basenokuvakalelwa kukuba okukhona izazinzulu zisiba nolwazi, kokukhona ziya zingakholelwa kuThixo. Yinyaniso ukuba zikho izazinzulu ezilugxekayo unqulo. Kodwa ezinye ziyachukunyiswa yindlela emangalisayo eyenziwe ngayo indalo esingqongileyo. Zimbi azichukunyiswa yindlela eyenziwe ngayo nje kuphela; zifuna ukwazi uMyili wayo.
Ukutshintsha Kwezinto
Ingcamango kaCharles Darwin yendaleko ibisaziwa kangangenkulungwane enesiqingatha. Kumele ukuba bambi abantu abafundileyo bebelindele ukuba kuya kuthi kusiba ngoku, ibe ingabantu abangenalwazi nabaqhatheka lula kuphela abakholelwa kuThixo. Kodwa akukhange kube njalo. Izazinzulu ezininzi ziyivuma ekuhleni into yokuba ziyakholelwa kuMdali. Ewe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba azikholelwa kuThixo okanye eBhayibhileni. Kodwa ziyaqonda ukuba indlela emangalisayo eyenziwe ngayo indalo ibonisa ukuba kukho uMyili okrelekrele.
Ngaba kunokuthiwa ezi zazinzulu ziziyatha? Ithetha ngezazinzulu ezikholelwa ukuba indalo nezinto eziphilayo zenziwe ngendlela emangalisayo, ingxelo yeThe New York Times eyayithetha ngenye incwadi yathi: “Zingoompondo zihlanjiwe kwintandabulumko yaye zikwizikhundla eziphambili kwiiyunivesithi ezaziwayo. Aziphikisani nengcamango kaDarwin ngenxa yokuba zikholelwa kwiZibhalo; kunoko ziphikisana nayo ngenxa yophando lwazo lwenzululwazi.”
Kwaeli nqaku lathi abo bathi izinto zidalwe ngendlela emangalisayo “bakulumkele ukwenza naliphi na ibango elingekho ngqiqweni. . . . Eyona nto bangafuni kuyamkela kukuba kuthiwe ichanile ingcamango kaDarwin okanye nayiphi imfundiso ephathelele ‘indaleko,’ oko kukuthi izinto zazivelela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Bathi indlela emangalisayo ezenziwe ngayo izinto eziphilayo inikela ubungqina obaneleyo bokuba kukho uMyili Okrelekrele.”a
Ziliqela izazinzulu ezikholelwa kule ngcamango. Ngokomzekelo, uphando olwenziwa ngowe-1997 lwadiza ukuba kwizazinzulu zaseUnited States, ezi-4 kwezili-10 ziyakholelwa kuThixo. Eli nani alikhange litshintshe ukususela kuphando olwenziwa ngowe-1914.
Kumazwe angalukhathalele kangako unqulo, njengeYurophu, lo mlinganiselo uphantsi. Sekunjalo, iphephandaba laseBritani iThe Guardian lathi “abona bantu bakholelwa kule ngcamango zizazinzulu ezifunde ngezinto ezinobungqina, njengenzululwazi ngezinto zemvelo nokwakhiwa komhlaba, zimbalwa izazinzulu ezifunde ngezinto ekunzima ukufumana ubungqina bazo, njengeanthropology eziyikholelwayo le ngcamango.” Lalek’ umsundulo ngelithi: “EUnited Kingdom kukho imibutho efana neChristians in Science.” Kwakhona, eli phephandaba lathi eGreat Britain “abona bantu bahamba icawa ngabantu abafunda ngenzululwazi ukodlula abo bafundela ubugcisa.”
Sekunjalo, kukhangeleka ngathi izazinzulu ezininzi ziyahlekisa ngengcamango yobukho boMdali. Oku kuyazicinezela kakhulu ezo zibukholelwayo ubukho bakhe. Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uAllan Sandage sithi “ngenxa yoku kuba nzima ukuziveza ukuba ulikholwa.” Ngoba? Uthi xa oku kusaziwa “uba sisisulu sokugxekwa nokudelelwa” ngabantu osebenza nabo.
Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ezingakoyikiyo ukuthi inzululwazi ayiphikisani nokukholelwa kuMdali azibi nampembelelo ingako ebantwini. Amanqaku alandelayo aza kunikel’ ingqalelo kwiingcamango zazo nezizathu zokuba ezi zazinzulu zivakalelwe ngendlela ezivakalelwa ngayo. Noko ke, wena uchaphazeleka njani? Ngaba inzululwazi inokukunceda ufunde ngoThixo? Nceda uqhubeke ufunda.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a Izifundiswa nezazinzulu ezidumileyo ezaziwayo ukuba zixhasa ingcamango ‘yoMyili Okrelekrele’ ziquka uPhillip E. Johnson, ofundisa ezomthetho kwiUniversity of California, eBerkeley; ingcali yemichiza uMichael J. Behe, owabhala incwadi ethi Darwin’s Black Box—The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution; ingcali yezibalo uWilliam A. Dembski; ingcaphephe kwinzululwazi uAlvin Plantinga; ingcali yamachiza uJohn Polkinghorne noFreeman Dyson; isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uAllan Sandage nezinye ezininzi esingenakuzikhankanya.
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 11]
Stars: Courtesy of ROE/Anglo-Australian Observatory, photograph by David Malin