Yini Engenziwa Ukuze Kuvikelwe Izixhobo Zama-coral?

OSOSAYENSI abaningi emhlabeni wonke bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokuthi kuzoqhubeka kuba kubi njengoba amazwe athuthukayo ethuthuka ngokwezimboni. Minyaka yonke amathani esikhutha (CO₂) angaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu akhishelwa emkhathini ngokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa, njengamalahle, uwoyela, nezinkuni, nangokuqothulwa kwamahlathi ngokushiswa. Ngokwabanye ososayensi, lokho okuthiwa ukufudumala komkhathi, okubangelwa amagesi ezinto zokubasa, kusongela ngokufudumeza umkhathi ngo-1,5 kuya ku-4° C. phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elizayo. Lokhu kwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kungawabulala ama-coral nezixhobo zawo.

Kodwa ukufa kwezixhobo zama-coral kuyozithinta kabi izitshalo nezilwane ezisezweni. Umagazini i-Natural History waphawula: “Nokho, zona kanye izixhobo zama-coral ziyizici eziyisihluthulelo ekufudumaleni komkhathi futhi zingase zibe nokubaluleka njengamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo ekunciphiseni amagesi afudumeza umkhathi. Njengoba zikhipha i-calcium carbonate yamagobolondo azo, ama-coral akhipha umthamo omkhulu we-CO₂ ezilwandle. Ngaphandle kwe-zooxanthellae [ulwelwe oluphila nama-coral], izinga lesikhutha esimuncwa ama-coral lincipha ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokuyindida, ukonakala kwalendawo yezinto eziphilayo engaphansi kolwandle kungasheshisa yona kanye inqubo yokufa kwawo.”

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amanye amagesi akhishwa izinto ezishiswayo anezela ekufudumaleni komkhathi. I-nitrous oxide ingenye yawo, kanti nama-chlorofluorocarbon (ama-CFC) angamanye awo. Eqinisweni, i-molecule ngayinye ye-CFC ikwazi ukubamba ukushisa izikhathi ezingu-20 000 ngaphezu kwe-molecule eyodwa ye-CO₂. Futhi kuye kwathiwa ama-CFC ayizimbangela eziyinhloko zokuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone, oluvikela izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni emisebeni elimazayo e-ultraviolet. I-ozone eNorth Pole naseSouth Pole isinciphe kangangokuba ingabangela izimbobo. Lezo izindaba ezimbi kakhulu ngama-coral. Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngokuchaya izixhobo zama-coral ezincane kakade ezase zilinyazwe amanzi afudumele ekukhanyeni oku-ultraviolet okwakwandiswa kancane kwathuthukisa ukuba mhlophe. Ngokudabukisayo umagazini i-Scientific American waphawula: “Ngisho noma ukukhishwa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon bekungayekwa namuhla, ukuxubana kwamakhemikhali okubhubhisa i-ozone ye-stratosphere bekuyoqhubeka okungenani ikhulu leminyaka. Isizathu silula: lamakhemikhali ahlala isikhathi eside ngaleyo ndlela emkhathini futhi abeyoqhubeka engena kuyi-stratosphere esuka emthonjeni we-troposphere esikhathini eside ngemva kokuba ukukhishwa kwawo sekunqamukile.”

Abantu ngabanye bona-ke bangenza ngokuhlakanipha ngokungazingcolisi izilwandle noma izindawo zasogwini ngodoti noma ngezinto ezingcolisayo. Uma uvakashele lapho kunesixhobo sama-coral khona, landela iziqondiso zokuba ungawathinti ama-coral noma ume phezu kwawo. Ungawathathi noma uthenge ama-coral ayisikhumbuzo. Uma uhamba ngesikebhe eduze kwezixhobo zama-coral zasezindaweni ezishisayo, faka ihange ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi noma ezindaweni zokubophela imikhumbi ezilungiselelwe iziphathimandla zasolwandle. Ungahambi ngesivinini noma uphazamise iphansi ngophephela wesikebhe. Ungachithi imfucumfucu yesikebhe olwandle; thola izikhumulo zemikhumbi lapho ungayilahla khona. UBill Causey, umphathi weLooe Key National Marine Sanctuary (eFlorida, e-U.S.A.), waphawula: “Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu ubangela inkinga ebangela ukungalingani. Kumelwe siyiqaphele embulungeni yonke. Uma siqhubeka siqaphelisa umphakathi ngosongo lokulahlekelwa indawo yezinto eziphilayo ebalulekile, khona-ke mhlawumbe singase sizishintshe izinto.”

Ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene kushaywa futhi kusetshenziswe imithetho yokuvikela izixhobo zama-coral. Isifundazwe saseFlorida siyabamangalela abanikazi bemikhumbi elimaza izixhobo zama-coral zakhona. Abanikazi bomkhumbi othile othutha izimpahla owalimaza amahektare amaningi ama-coral lapho ucwila bakhokha inhlawulo engamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-26. Ingxenye yalemali yasetshenziselwa ukulungisa lendawo yasolwandle. Njengamanje, zisebenzisa izinto zokunamathisela ezikhethekile, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zizama ukunamathelisa ama-coral alinyazwa umkhumbi othile ngo-1994. Enye inhlawulo, engamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-13,9, yahlawuliswa inkampani ethile ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwa esixhotsheni sama-coral eFlorida omunye wemikhumbi yayo yokuthutha izimpahla. Amanye amazwe ashaya imithetho efanayo. Izindawo zokubhukuda ezithandwayo, njengeCayman Islands eCaribbean, zinezindawo ezibekelwe imingcele lapho ukubhukuda kuvunyelwe khona. I-Australia yakha iGreat Barrier Reef Marine Park ukuze ilawule izinto ezenziwa lapho. Kodwa njengoba bonke bebonile, lapho kunabaningi ababhukudayo, kulapho umonakalo uba mkhulu khona kulezi zixhobo zama-coral.

Ingabe Wonke Amazwe Ayohlanganyela Kulempi?

Embulungeni yonke, ososayensi nabaholi abethukile baphetha ngokuthi ikhambi ngeke lifinyelelwe izwe elilodwa noma ngisho iqembu lamazwe. Ukungcola kuyiswa embulungeni yonke umoya namanzi, okuba negalelo elikhulu ezixhotsheni zama-coral. Amazwe ngamanye awanawo amandla emanzini angekho ngaphansi kwawo. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezilahlwa olwandle ziphelela ezingwini. Kudingeka ikhambi elihlanganyelwe nomzamo wembulunga yonke.

Ngokungangabazeki abantu abaningi abaqotho nabanekhono emhlabeni bazoqhubeka belwela ukuvikela amagugu amangalisayo omhlaba angama-coral. Ngokusobala udingeka ngempela uhulumeni womhlaba wonke oyikhathalelayo noyinakekelayo indawo ezungezile yomhlaba. Ngokujabulisayo, uMdali ngokwakhe uzoyisindisa indawo ezungezile yembulunga yonke. Lapho uNkulunkulu enza abantu bokuqala, wathi: ‘Mababuse phezu kwezinhlanzi [nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo] zasolwandle.’ (Genesise 1:26) Njengoba uNkulunkulu engazange azisebenzise kabi noma azixhaphaze izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, umyalo wakhe esintwini kumelwe ukuba wawusho ukuthi umuntu kumelwe anakekele indawo ezungezile yembulunga yonke. IBhayibheli liyabikezela: “Kukhona amazulu amasha [uMbuso kaNkulunkulu wasezulwini] nomhlaba omusha esikulindele ngokwesithembiso sakhe, futhi kukho kuyohlala ukulunga.” (2 Petru 3:13) Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, lowo hulumeni wasezulwini uyowuhlanza ngokuphelele lomhlaba ongcolisiwe, kuhlanganise nezilwandle zawo. Khona-ke, izakhamuzi zoMbuso kaNkulunkulu ziyozinakekela futhi zizijabulele ngokugcwele izilwandle ezinhle nezinto eziphila kuzo.

[Izithombe ekhasini 18]

Ngemuva: Isixhobo sama-coral esihle ePacific Ocean, eduze neFiji

Izithombe eziphakathi: 1. Isithombe esithathwe bukhoma ngaphansi kwamanzi senhlanzi i-clown, 2. i-coral enjengetafula, 3. i-shrimp ecoca i-coral

[Umthombo]

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