Ukubuya KweGlobe YaseLondon
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EBRITHANI
IGLOBE, inkundla okwakudlalelwa kuyo imidlalo kaWilliam Shakespeare yaseshashalazini, iye yakhiwa kabusha eduze nenxiwa layo eliseSouthwark, osebeni oluseningizimu loMfula iThames waseLondon. Njengoba sisekelwe esakhiweni sakuqala sango-1599, lesi sakhiwo esiyindilinga, esinezinhlangothi ezingu-20 sihamba phambili ekuheheni izivakashi.
Ngaphambi kokuba khona kwezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini eLondon, ukuzijabulisa okudumile kwakuyi-bearbaiting noma i-bullbaiting. Izinja zazihlupha isilwane esiboshelwe esigxotsheni, zisasazelwa izibukeli ezimemezayo. Lokhu kwakwenzeka ezinkundleni eziyindilinga ezinezihlalo eziyizitezi ezazisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba khona kwezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Izilwane zaziboshelwa phakathi nendawo, lapho kwakhiwa khona isiteji senkundla kamuva.
Kamuva kwachuma imidlalo yasesiteji, futhi kwakhiwa izinkundla zayo ezintsha eLondon. Izinkulungwane zezibukeli zaziya kuyo nsuku zonke. Abaphathi-dolobha bazama ukuyivimbela le midlalo bethi ingcolile futhi ibonisa ukungabi nanhlonipho ngoNkulunkulu. Abaqashi bakhononda ngokuthi ikhipha izisebenzi emsebenzini, ngoba le midlalo iqala ngehora lesibili ntambama. Kodwa yasekelwa iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth I, umxhasi wale nkundla. UMkhandlu Wabeluleki bayo wayivikela ukuze uqikelele ukuthi babezotholakala abadlali abanekhono bokuyijabulisa. Inhlangano yabadlali bakaShakespeare yayikhethwa ukuba idlalele abasebukhosini kaningi kunazo zonke ezinye.
Umdlalo othi Henry V wabhalwa uShakespeare ngonyaka okwavulwa ngawo iGlobe yokuqala. Ngakho-ke kwakunengqondo ukukhetha ukuba udlalwe kuqala kule midlalo kaShakespeare emisha.
Ingaphakathi LeGlobe Entsha
Ngaphambi kokuba singene sizobukela umdlalo othatha amahora amathathu, sibheka amafu bese sethemba ukuthi ngeke line njengoba izambulela zingavunyelwe kanti le nkundla ivulekile phezulu. Isiteji sithatha indawo eyindilinga engamamitha angu-30, ezungezwe izitezi ezintathu zezihlalo, ezingahlala abantu abangaba yinkulungwane. Kodwa sasiphakathi kwalaba ababephakathi nenkundla, abangu-500 ababekhokhele ukuma babuke umdlalo besendaweni ephakathi. Inkundla yokuqala yayingahlala abantu abangu-3000 abaminyene. Kodwa izindinganiso zanamuhla zokuphepha azikuvumeli lokho.
Uphahla olwemboze izindawo zokuhlala ezizungezile lufakwe amakhemikhali alwenza lungashi. Ipulangwe elingashi kanye nesimiso samanzi afafazayo kwakuyisivikelo esengeziwe. IGlobe yokuqala yashabalala ngo-1613 lapho inhlamvu kambayimbayi owawusesiteji ithungela uphahla lwayo ngomlilo.
Labo abame phakathi nenkundla bavunyelwe ukuzulazula baze bazimelele ngezingalo onqenqemeni lwesiteji. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amane edlule, izixuku ezingalawuleki zazidla futhi ziphuze phakathi nemidlalo, futhi zazivame ukulwa zodwa. Zazigxeka kakhulu, ziphazamise ngokuthanda, zimemeze noma zishaye izandla. “Zaziminyana zibe isinyokotho,” njengoba omunye umlobi wangaleso sikhathi azichaza, ezibiza ngokuthi “ezidelelekile.”
Izindonga zeGlobe yanamuhla zakhiwe ngamapulangwe e-oki. Izikhala emapulangweni zihlanganiswe ngezinti ezincane zokuhlanganisa ze-oki eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. I-oki yayitholakala kalula ngemva kokuba isiphepho sasisiphule izinkulungwane zezihlahla ngo-October 1987. Into okwakunzima ukuyithola ipulangwe elingamamitha angu-13 ubude elakhe umpheme wesiteji wangaphambili. Lapho sekufunwe kwaze kwadelwa, kwatholakala isihlahla esifanelekayo endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-150 entshonalanga yeLondon, esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 ukuphakama.
Izinsika ezazisekele umpheme kwakubonakala sengathi ezemabula. Kanti cha, nazo zenziwe ngokhuni, njengalezo zeGlobe yokuqala, “ezazipendwe zafana nemabula ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kangangokuthi kwakukhohliseka ngisho nengcweti yezimabula,” njengoba ekubeka kanjalo omunye owayeyincoma.
Njengamanje izihlalo sezigcwele. Abanye abame phakathi nenkundla babeminyene esiteji kuyilapho abanye bencike ngezindonga zamapulangwe zale nkundla. Umsindo uyancipha njengoba umculo uqhuma phezulu. Endaweni ephezu kwesiteji, abaculi abayisithupha ababegqoke izingubo zangenkathi ephakathi babedlala izinsimbi zangesikhathi sikaShakespeare: amacilongo, ama-cornet nezinye izinsimbi zomculo.
Umdlalo
Njengoba umculo ufinyelela iqophelo eliphezulu, abadlali bangena bashaye ngezinduku zabo esiteji ngentshiseko behambisana nesigqi somculo. Abame phakathi nenkundla bananela ngokugxoba ngezinyawo. Ngokungazelelwe umsindo uyathula. Umdlali oyedwa uvula ngenkulumo emfushane. Usebhekwe ngabomvu. Ngokungazelelwe, abantu abagqoke izingubo ezibomvu ezihusha phansi batheleka esiteji—uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCanterbury nombhishobhi wase-Ely. Umdlalo uyaqala, futhi phakathi nawo, ubuqili besonto necebo eliyimfihlo ngeNkosi yaseNgilandi uHenry V ekugcineni kuyofinyelela ukunqontshwa kweFrance endaweni engcoliswe igazi yase-Agincourt.
Ngokushesha kumiswa isihlalo sobukhosi, futhi sithola iNkosi uHenry ixoxa nezinceku zayo ezintathu. Njengoba izikhulu zasebukhosini zihlala esiteji, kusihlaba umxhwele ukuthi izingubo zazo ezangenkathi ephakathi ngempela. Kodwa kunokuthile okuyinqaba ngaleli qembu labadlali esingakuqondi. Sihlola isimiso sethu. Yebo, yiqiniso, bonke abadlali bangamadoda! Abesifazane babengadlali emidlalweni ka-Elizabeth. Njengoba isazi somlando wezenhlalo uG. M. Trevelyan sikubeka, abafana “babeqeqeshwa ngempela kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuba badlale izingxenye zabesifazane ngesizotha, sengathi bangabesifazane nangobuciko.” Baye benza kanjalo namuhla.
Ukuhalalisa sekudlulile, sesiyahamba. Siyaphenduka ukuze siyibuke okokugcina iGlobe, uphahla lwayo lwegolide, njengamapulangwe ayo e-oki, lushintsha luba nombala ozothile ompunga. Kuye kwaba okuhlangenwe nakho okuvelele ukuboniswa izinto ezazenzeka eminyakeni engu-400 edlule.
Kamuva, sizulazula eMbukisweni WeGlobe Ka-Shakespeare. Igama elithi Shakespeare ligcwele yonke indawo. Njengoba sicabanga ngombukiso, siyazibuza ukuthi, Wayengubani ngempela umlobi wemidlalo uWilliam Shakespeare? Imfihlakalo kaWilliam Shakespeare kuzoxoxwa ngayo esihlokweni sikamagazini we-Phaphama! olandelayo.
[Isithombe ekhasini 25]
Umfanekiso odwetshiwe weGlobe endala
[Umthombo]
From the book The Comprehensive History of England, Volume II
[Isithombe ekhasini 26]
IGlobe yanamuhla
[Umthombo]
John Tramper
Richard Kalina