Kungani Abefundisi Bezihlanganisa Nezombangazwe?
NJENGOBA uthintekile, unesizathu esihle sokubuza ukuthi, “Kungani?”
Ngokuqondakalayo, akukho nesisodwa isisusa esikubo bonke abapristi, abefundisi nabanye abantu benkolo abazihlanganise nezombangazwe. Abanye banezisusa ezingasolwa abantu abaningi. Abanye bangase babe nezizathu ezincomekayo, njengokukhathalela abampofu.
Ukuba kwakho nolwazi olucacile ngezisusa zabo kuzokubeka esimweni esingcono sokucabangela umbono kaNkulunkulu ngendaba nokwazi lokho athi ikusasa likuphethe.
Isikhundla, Inzuzo, Nezombangazwe
Ukuze siqonde esinye isizathu esenza abefundisi bazihlanganise nezombangazwe, ake sicabangele abanye abaholi benkolo bekhulu lokuqala. Lamadoda, umpristi omkhulu namalungu abaFarisi nabaSadusi, ayakha inkantolo ephakeme yamaJuda. Ecasulwe ukuvusa kukaJesu uLazaru, azindla: “Uma simyeka [uJesu] njalo, bazakukholwa nguye bonke; amaRoma ayakufika, asamuke indawo nesizwe.”—Johane 11:48. “Indawo nesizwe.” Yebo, babekhathazeka ngesikhundla, ithonya, negunya labo, kulapho noma iziphi izithakazelo zesizwe zaziza kamuva. (Mathewu 23:2-8) Ngokuzincengela kwakunezombangazwe, abefundisi abathile abaye bazuza ukubaluleka. Ngabaningi, lena futhi kuye kwaba yindlela eya ekuphileni kokutamasa. Eqinisweni, incwadi yokugcina yeBhayibheli ifanekisa ‘owesifazane’ obizwa ngokuthi “iBabiloni Elikhulu,” ‘wayephawuleka ingamandla okutamasa kwakhe.’ lBhayibheli nomlando kubonisa ukuthi ufanekisela inkolo yamanga emhlabeni kabanzi.—isAmbulo 17:1-5; 18:3.
Manje cabangela ubufakazi bokuthi kungani abefundisi abathile bezihlanganisa nezombangazwe. Incwadi ethi Religion and Revolution iyasitshela: “Phakathi kuka-1774 no-1790, kubabhishobhi baseFrance abayi-192, abayi-173 babengabasebukhosini. Cishe ingxenye yendikimba yababhishobhi yayihlala eParis futhi ijabulela ubukhazikhazi benhlokodolobha yaseFrance. UKhadinali Polignac wafa ngo-1741 engakaze ahambele isifunda ayabelwe sona eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambiii. Umoya okhulayo wokunganaki futhi walimaza izigodlo zezindela, eziningi zazo ezazicebe kakhulu.” Abefundisi abasezikhundleni eziphezulu babephila ngokutamasa, kuyilapho abapristi abasezifundeni babempofu.
IMexico inikeza esinye isibonelo. Ngo-1810 umpristi wedolobha elincane eMiguel Hidalgo wahola ekulweleni inkululeko ekuphathweni elaseSpain. UProfesa Guenter Lewy uyachaza: “Upapa eRoma cishe futhi nayo yonke indikimba yababhishobhi babagxeka labobashisekeli bezwe [baseMexico]. Ukuthula kokuzenzisa abefundisi abasezikhundleni eziphezulu ababa nakho [kamuva] lapho beba abasekeli abashisekayo benkululeko . . . kwakusobala kakhulu futhi kwasiza ekwakheni isimo sesonto njengeqembu lesithakazelo esikhethekile elalingenakwethenjwa. . . . Isonto lalicebile ngamazwe nangezakhiwo, ezilinganiselwa ngabanye ukuthi zazihlanganisa okungaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa yezakhiwo zesizwe.”
Kungaba abobuProthestani, abobuKatolika, abobuJuda, noma abanoma iyiphi enye inkolo—besingenakuvuma yini sonke ukuthi abefundisi akufanele bazihlanganise nezombangazwe ukuze bagcine isikhundla esiphakeme? Kodwa yilokho kanye okuvame ukwenzeka.
Ukusuka EJalimane YobuNazi Ukuya Esikhathini Sanamuhla
Inkathi yobuNazi inikeza umbono owengeziwe ngokuzihlanganisa kwenkolo nezombangazwe. Abantu abaningi abacabangayo baye bazibuza, ‘Abefundisi bamaKatolika nabamaLuthela babesebenzelana kanjani noHitler namaNazi akhe anonya?’
Ngokuyisisekelo, kwakungokusekela noma okungenani ngokuhlalisana ngokuthula. Ambalwa amazwi enkolo ayephikisana nalokho. UProfesa T. A. Gill ubhala ngokukodwa okwehlukile. “[Isazi senkolo uDietrich] Bonhoeffer ekugcineni wakuqonda lokho uyise nabafowabo ababemtshela khona kusukela eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu: isonto lalingasabalulekile ngokwanele ezintweni ezinendaba kakhulu ezazingenza kufaneleke ukuba anikele ukuphila kwakhe kulo.” Esekhathele ukusekela kwesonto uHitler noma ukungazabalazi kwalo, uBonhoeffer wajoyina uzungu lokubulala uHilter. Kodwa uBonhoeffer wayehlukile.
Incwadi ethi History of Christianity kaPaul Johnson ichaza isimo esivamile ithi: “Amasonto amabili, ngokuvelele, ayewusekela kakhulu umbuso. . . . Kubefundisi bobuVangeli abayizi-17 000, akukaze kube nabangaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu abadonsa isigwebo sesikhathi eside [ngenxa yokungasekeli ukubusa k wamaNazi] noma nini. KumaKatolika, umbhishobhi oyedwa waxoshwa esifundeni
sakhe, omunye wathola isigwebo sesikhathi esifushane ngenxa yamacala ezimali.” Ngalabo abanamathela ezimisweni zabo, ujohnson uyaqhubeka: “Ababenesibindi kakhulu kwakungoFakazi Bakajehova, abakusho zisuka ukuphikisana kwabo okusobala nezimfundiso futhi bahlupheka ngenxa yalokho. Benqaba noma ikuphi ukubambisana nombuso wamaNazi.”
Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, abanye abefundisi baye babambisana nemibuso enonya ukuze bagcine indawo yabo yodumo, amandla nomcebo. Uhlu lomhleli kuyiNational Catholic Reporter lwathi: “Indaba yokwehluleka kwesonto lamaKatolika e Argentina ingeyokuthula nokubambisana nombuso ononya wempi ekwenzeni okubi, okunye kokubi kakhulu emlandweni wamuva. . . . Ngakho izikhulu zesonto zazisesimweni sokukhuluma futhi zenze umehluko, mhlawumbe zize ngisho ziphuce umbuso ukuzithethelela kwawo okungokwenkolo. Kodwa, cishe zonke, azishongo lutho. Abanye, kuhlanganise nabefundisi abafake izembatho zempi, babegunyaza ukuhlupha nokubulala.”—April 12, 1985.
Amalungelo Abantu, Ukwahlulela Ngokulunga Emphakathini
Nokho, njengoba kuphawulwe ngaphambiii, ngenxa yezinye izizathu, abanye abaholi benkolo banconywa kakhulu ngendima yabo yentshiseko kwezombangazwe.
Isibonelo esivela eUnited States umfundisi wamaBaptist uMartin Luther King, Jr., umholi olwela amalungelo abantu empini yenkolo yesikhathi eside nobandlululo lwezinhlanga. Abanye abefundisi baye baba ongqaphambili ekulweleni amalungelo abesifazane nabanye abantu abaphansi. Abapristi nabefundisi baye bashiseka kwezombangazwe ekusekeleni izindaba ezinjengamalungelo okuvota, amaholo alinganayo ngomsebenzi ofanayo, namathuba alinganayo emisebenzini ngokungakhethi iphela emasini. Muva nje, “imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko” iye yathuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlupheka kwabampofu, njengokwabela abampofu indawo.
Uzizwa kanjani ngokuzihlanganisa kwabaholi benkolo nezombangazwe ukuze bathuthukise umsebenzi womphakathi noma “ubuntu,” njengoba izindaba ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi ziye zabizwa kanjalo? Ngisho nabanye abefundisi abajabuli ngalokho abakubona kwenzeka. UKeith Gephart, umfundisi oqotho enkolweni yakhe, waphawula: “Ngisakhula, ngangihlala ngizwa kuthiwa amasonto akufanele angene, kwezombangazwe. Manje kubo-nakala cishe kuyisono ukungahileleki.” Umlobi wephephandaba ngezenkolo waphawula: “Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, amaKristu aqotho ezinkolweni zawo kancane kancane, aye, akholelwa ukuthi ukushisekela ezombangazwe kuyisibopho.”
Ngisho noma izizathu zibonakala zifanele ukubongwa, cabanga ukuthi izinyathelo ezinjalo zibayisa kude kangakanani abefundisi, ubone noma uyavuma yihi.
Yenzani Imfundiso Yenkolo Yenkululeko?
UGustavo Gutierrez, umpristi wamaKatolika wasePeru udunyiswa kabanzi ngokuthuthukisa “imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko” ekusabeleni esimweni esibi sabampofu. Lomkhuba wandile phakathi kwabefundisi eLatin America nakwezinye izindawo. IManchester Guardian Weekly yaseNgilandi yabika ukuthi umBhishobhi waseDurham wahlasela ifilosofi kahulumeni yezombangazwe futhi ngaleyondlela wanxusa ukuba “kuthuthukiswe umgomo ‘wesimiso senkululeko’”
Ingabe imfundiso enjalo yenkolo imane nje iwukugcizelelwa kokukhathalela abampofu, njengoba kunxuswa eBhayibhelini? Lutho neze. Umbhishobhi waseDurham uyavuma ukuthi “imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko ya-seBrithani iyothatha ezinye izimpawu zobu-Marxism ngokungathi sfna kakhulu.” Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuchaza umzabalazo wesigaba sabampofu ngokusebenzisa imibono kaMarx. Kuba namiphi imiphumela?
INational Catholic Reporter (July 4, 1986) yayinesihloko esikhulu esithi “Ukulwela Izwe KwaseBrazil Kuqhatha Isonto Nombuso.” Iqiniso elisekela lengxabano liwukuthi inani elincane “labanikazi bezindawo ezinkulu lilawula amaphesenti angama-83 endawo.” Imihlangano yezombangazwe nokubhikisha okuholwa abefundisi kuyingxenye “yokulwela indawo.” Igama elithi “ukulwa” lingelifanelekayo. Lendaba yathi “abantu abangama-218 bafa ezimpini zokubangwa kwendawo ezingaphezu kwama-700 ngonyaka odlule, kuhlanganise noBaba Josimo Tavares, umpristi waseBrazil nongumholi wezinguquko ekuphathweni kwezindawo, owabulawa ngoJune 11.”
Imfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko iya ngokuya ithandwa. Uhlu lomhleli kuyiNew York Times Iwavuma ukuthi ukuma okungokomthetho kwevatican kuwukuthi, abefundisi akumelwe bazihlanganise nezombangazwe ngokuvuna iqembu elithile kodwa yaqhubeka yathi iVatican “iyawamukela futhi umthetho oyisisekelo wemfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko: ukuthi iVangeli lobuKristu liyakuvumela ukulwela kwabampofu inkululeko engokwezombangazwe nokulawula ukuphila kwabo.”
Ngendlela efanayo, kuthiwa iMaryknoll, inhlangano yezithunywa zevangeli zamaKatolika, ‘ibisakaza ivangeli lemfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko nesimiso sezombangazwe sokusebenzela uhulumeni.’ Ukuhlola kwango-1985, iThe Revolution Lobby, kwathi: “IMaryknoll iphumelele ukwenza isigijimi sokuvukela umbuso kobudlova sobuMarxism-Leninism sibe esamukelekayo emphakathini ngokuqondiie ngoba iye yavunyelwa ukuba isebenze njengesikhali seSonto lamaKatolika. Isigijimi sayo asizange sifinyelele nje kuphela umuntu osontayo ovamile kodwa futhi nabashayimthetho abaphambili baseMelika.”
Ingabe uNkulunkulu Uyakuvumela?
Ngokucacile, namuhla emhlabeni jikelele inkolo izihlanganisa nezombangazwe, futhi kunezizathu ezihlukahlukene zalokhu. Nokho, uNkulunkulu uzizwa kanjani ngakho? lBhayibheli libonisa ukuthi masinyane uzokwenza isimo sakhe sicace. Uyothinteka kanjani wena nabathandekayo bakho? Futhi lokho kufanele kube namuphi umphumela esimweni sakho sengqondo nasezenzweni zakho zamanje?
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 25]
“Isonto lamaKatolika eJalimane lalenza konke okwakwenziwa eJalimane, futhi njengesonto lobuprothestani lalisekela umbuso negunya lawo.”—The German Churches Under Hitler.
“Isonto laseRussia lobuOrthodox izolo lisekele ngokuphelele iziphakamiso zikaMnu. Gorbachev zokungahlomi ngezikhali . . . Lizichaze ‘njengezisekuvumelaneni okuphelele nendlela yobuKristu.’”—The Guardian (London), April 9, 1986.
[Isithombe ekhasini 26]
UMartin Luther King, Jr., wayevelele phakathi kwabaholi benkolo abalwa nobandlululo lwezinhlanga
[Umthombo]
UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos
[Isithombe ekhasini 27]
Ubumpofu nokungabi namthetho kube yimbangela yokusungulwa kwemfundiso
yenkolo yenkululeko
[Umthombo]
J. Viscarrs/WHO