Ukulawula Inzalo—Ubani Okumelwe Anqume? Uwena Noma Isonto?

Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eSpain

“INGANE iyingelosi oyinikezwa uNkulunkulu.Uma uba nabantwana abaningi, kuba nobufakazi obuningi bokuthi uNkulunkulu uyakubusisa nokuthi ukusebenzisela ukumdumisa.”

Lamazwi ompristi wesonto lendawo amkhathaza kakhulu uJoaquim. Wayengasebenzi. Yena nomkakhe, uLourdes, kakade base benabantwana abayisithupha. Babengamisa kanjani sekukhona abanye abengeziwe? Ukungavumelani kwakhe nalamazwi kwathuliswa ngesixwayiso: “Ukugwema ukukhulelwa kuyisono. Uzonqunywa esontweni uma wenza lokho!” Eboshwe umthetho, uLourdes wazala abantwana abengeziwe abayishumi, naphezu kobunzima obungokwezomnotho lomkhaya wamaPutukezi ompofu okwakumelwe ububekezelele.

Umpristi wayemane ephinda imfundiso eyisisekelo yamaKatolika, yokuthi umshado kumelwe uthele nokuthi umbhangqwana ngamunye kumelwe “ngokuzidela uzimisele ukwamukela abantwana” abangase babekhona. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva amaKatolika amaningi azwakalisa ukungabaza ngeziqondiso ezisemthethweni zesonto mayelana nalendaba.

UmKatolika waseFrance ongumama wabantwana abayishumi wathi: “Kimi, imfundiso yamaRoma Katolika ayisebenzi namuhla emibhangqwaneni esemisha efisa ukuphila ukuphila kwayo kwasemshadweni phambi kukaNkulunkulu!” UKitty Parker waseCalifornia wazwakaliswa imizwa efanayo: “Mina nomyeni wami sanquma ukusebenzisa izinto zokulawula inzalo ngemva kwesikhathi eside sikhuluma, sifunda futhi sithandaza. Kwakuwukuhlukana kwethu kokuqala okukhulu nesonto.” UJudy Ford wasePaignton, eNgilandi, unomuzwa wokuthi “isinqumo kumelwe sishiyelwe emkhayeni ohilelekile, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukusolwa kanzima okuvela eSontweni.”

AmaKatolika amaningi aqotho ayazibuza: ‘Kulenkathi yokwanda ngokweqile kwabantu, ukwanda kobumpofu, nokuvumbuka kwemijondolo, ingabe kumelwe kube isonto elinquma ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zokulawula inzalo zilungile noma azilungile?’ UmKatolika kumelwe alalele bani? Upapa, umpristi wesifunda, noma unembeza wakhe siqu?

Akuyona Nje Impikiswano Yekhulu Lama-20

Sekuyisikhathi eside abazali befuna izindlela eziwusizo zokulinganisela inani labantwana babo. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, uAristotle wakhuluma ngokubaluleka kokunqanda ukwanda kwabantu ukuze kuncishiswe ukwanda kobumpofu. Ubhekisela kwezinye izindlela zokulawula inzalo ezazithandwa osukwini lwakhe. Emazweni amaningi isenzo sokwephuza ukulumula umntwana ebeleni iminyaka eminingana nakho kwaba nengxenye ekwehliseni izinga lokuzala kwabantu. Nokho, olunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokulawula ukwanda kwabantu, olusasetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe namuhla, kwakungeyokubulala izinsana. Umntwana ongafunwa, ngokuvamile intombazane, wayebulawa ngonya.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezinto zokunakekela impilo, umama ovamile kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika unabantwana abangaba yisishiyagalombili. Uma izinga lokuzala eNdiya (elicishe libe abantwana abayisihlanu kumama ngamunye) liqhubeka ngezinga elenzeka ngalo njengamanje, lelozwe liyoba nabantu abacishe babe izigidi eziyinkulungwane ngasekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka.

Eminingi yalemikhaya ekhulayo ithutheleka emadolobheni amakhulu amaZwe Asathuthuka aminyene ngendlela engathembisi, anjengeCalcutta neDolobha laseMexico. IMexico ingase ibe nabantu abayizigidi ezisukela kwezingama-26 kuya kwezingama-36 ngonyaka ka-2000. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi lalezizwe ezimpofu kakhulu lusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlela umndeni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga, lapho imithola-mpilo yokuhlela imindeni igcwele khona, izinga lokuzalwa kwabantu liye lehla ngokuphawulekayo. Izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zisetshenziswa iningi lemibhangqwana eshadile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inkolo yawo. Amasonto amaProthestani ngokuvamile ashiyela indaba yokuvimba inzalo kunembeza wombhangqwana ohilelekile. Nokho, ngo-1930, uPapa Pius XI wamisa ngokomthetho isimo amaKatolika akuso manje, esaqiniswa uPapa Paul VI futhi esiye sagcizelelwa uPapa okhona manje, uJohn Paul II.

Impicabadala YamaKatolika Aqotho

Uchazwa kanjani umthetho ogunyaziwe wamaKatolika ophathelene nokulawulwa kwenzalo? Uma ubekwa ngamagama alula, uthi izindlela “ezingokwemvelo” kuphela zokulawula inzalo ezivumelekayo ngokokuziphatha. Indlela “engokwemvelo” yachazwa uPapa John Paul II “njengewukuqonda izikhathi zokushintshashintsha kokuvunda kwabantu nokulawula . . . ubuzali ngokwalokhu kushintshashintsha.” Ezinye izinhlobo zokuvimbela inzalo zenqatshelwe.

Ngokucacile, amaKatolika amaningi athola indlela yokungahlangani ngokobulili ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphambi nangemva kokuphuma kwamaqanda ingasebenzi. Ngaleyondlela, abophekile ukulandela iziqondiso zikanembeza wawo noma imfundiso yesonto lawo. Emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga, amaKatolika acabangayo athambekela ekungakunakini okushiwo abefundisi, nakuba ezihlola wona ngokwawo. Lokhu kunjalo ngisho nasemazweni agcwele amaKatolika.

Umpristi waseFrance uyachaza: ‘Ukubeka izindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu, hhayi njengeziqondiso, kodwa ngengqondo ephelele, kuholela ekubeni khona kwamasonto afanayo: Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunalabo ababeka umthetho olalelwa ingcosana. Ngakolunye, kunoquqaba olwenza lokho okusemandleni alo noma olunquma ngisho nokunquma ukungazinaki lezimiso ezinzima.’ ESpain amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-60 awazinaki izimfundiso zesonto ngokuphathelene nokulawula inzalo ngisho nakuba abangaphezu kwengxenye kulaba bezibheka njengamaKatolika akhuthele. Eltaly ukuhlola kwamuva kwabonisa ukuthi abangaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-2 ngokuqinisekile bazivumelanisa nesimo esigunyaziwe sesonto.

Lokwehluka okukhulu okuphakathi kwalokho isonto elikufundisayo nalokho amaKatolika ngokuvamile akwenzayo akumangazi uma kubhekwa ukungqubuzana kwemibono okuzwakaliswa ababhishobhi, abapristi, nabefundisi ngalendaba. Nakuba okushiwo opapa bekulokhu kucacile, abantu abaningi abayizikhulu zesonto abayiboni indaba njengecacile, abanye baze ngisho bakhulume imbaba ngokumelene nalemfundiso yokuziphatha egunyazwa isonto. Nakuba kunjalo, abapristi bendawo, okumelwe baluleke imibhangqwana eshadile, ngokuvamile abathandi ukwahlulela ngokuphathelene nalendaba. Ngakho umbuzo oyisisekelo uthi, Ingabe zikhona iziqondiso zaphezulu eziqondile eziphathelene nokulawulwa kwenzalo?

Uyini Umbono WeBhayibheli?

Labo abamelene nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuvimba inzalo ngokuvamile bacaphuna umyalo weBhayibheli owanikezwa uAdamu noEva: “Yandani nibe baningi, nigcwalise umhlaba.” (Genesise 1:28, Douay) Nokho, njengoba umbhali waseSpain uRicardo Lezcano aphawula ngokufanelekile: “Kubonakala kuthanda ukungqubuzana ukusebenzisa kubantu abayizigidi eziyizi-4 000 umthetho ofana nalowo owawusetshenziswa ezakhamuzini ezimbill kuphela zeplanethi.” Lomyalo wawuhlobene ngokucacile nezimo ezikhethekile ezazikhona ngalesosikhathi.

Akukho eBhayibhelini lapho kukhulunywa khona ngokulawulwa kwenzalo noma ukuhlela umndeni. Nakuba iBhayibheli likulahla ukuziphatha okubi kobulili, alifundisi ukuthi ukuzala kuphela okungenza ubuhlobo bobulili phakathi kwendoda nenkosikazi bufaneleke. (Qhathanisa nezAga 5:15-20; 1 Korinte 7:2, 3.) Khona-ke, kulendaba, njengakwezinye lapho isiqondiso esiqondile esingokomBhalo singekho khona, umbhangqwana ngamunye kumelwe unqume ngokuvumelana nonembeza wawo. Ukumisa izindinganiso ezihilela bonke abantu zokuhle nokubi bekuyoba “ukweqela ngalé kokulotshiweyo.”—1 Korinte 4:6, iNew American Bible, inguqulo yamaKatolika.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zokuvimba inzalo ziyamukeleka emehlweni kaNkulunkulu. IBhayibheli likwenza kucace ukuthi uNkulunkulu ubheka ukuphila komntwana ongakazalwa njengokuyigugu futhi aqaphele ukukhula kwakhe kusukela ekubeni umbungu. (IHubo 139:13-16; Jeremiya 1:5) Ngaphansi koMthetho kaMose, umuntu ngisho nangokungenhloso owayebangela ukufa komntwana ongakazalwa kwakufanele ajeziswe kanzima. (Eksodusi 21:22, 23) Ngakho-ke, ngokombono kaNkulunkulu, ukukhipha isisu akuvumelekile, futhi kunjalo nanganoma iyiphi enye into noma ukwelashwa okuqeda ukuphila ngemva kokuba umuntu esekhulelwe.a

Ngakho-ke, lokho amaKatolika amaningi aqotho akukholelwa ngokuzicabangela—ukuthi ukuhlela umndeni kuyindaba okungcono kakhulu ukuba ishiyelwe embhangqwaneni ngamunye oshadile—yilokho kanye iBhayibheli elikubonisayo.

UJoaquim, ubaba ongumPutukezi okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, wafinyelela kulesosiphetho ngemva kokuba yena siqu ehlangabezane nobunzima nokukhathazeka kokunamathela emfundisweni yamaKatolika ngokuphathelene nokulawula inzalo. Waqala ukuhlola iBhayibheli ukuze anqume ukuthi ezinye izimfundiso zesonto akunakwenzeka yini ukuba nazo zibe “imiyalo yabantu” kunokuba zibe “umyalo kaNkulunkulu.”—Mathewu 15:3, 9, Dy.

Manje, njengomunye woFakazi BakaJehova, ulwela ukungalandeli izimfundiso zabantu, kodwa esikhundleni salokho, lezo zikaJesu Kristu. (1 Korinte 2:16) Kungani ungenzi ukuhlola okufanayo? OFakazi BakaJehova endaweni yakini bayokujabulela ukukusiza.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 12]

Amazwi Aphikisanayo

■ IHumanae Vitae (Encyclical of Pope Paul VI, 1968). Isenzo sobulili sabantu abashadile kumelwe sibe “ngendlela yabantu ngokuphelele, esivulekele ekuphileni okusha ngokuphelele.”

■ UPapa John Paul II. “Uma ukuvinjelwa kwenzalo, kwahlulelwa kahle, akukho neze emthethweni kangangokuthi akunakulokotha, nganoma isiphi isizathu, kuvunyelwe. Ukucabanga noma ukukhuluma ngenye indlela kufana nokuthi kukhona izimo lapho kuba ngokomthetho khona ukungamqapheli uNkulunkulu njengoNkulunkulu.”

■ Ukhadinali waseSpain uNarcisso Jubany Arnau. “[Ku]yisono esibi ukugwema ukuba nenzalo ngamabomu.”

■ Ababhishobhi abangamaKatolika baseFrance encwadini eyayiya kubefundisi (1968). “Ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko kuyasho lapho kunquma ukuthi ikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu phambi kukaNkulunkulu kulendaba. Umbhangqwana kumelwe wenze isinqumo sawo ngemva kokubonisana isikhathi eside.”

■ Isazi sezeNkolo EsingumKatolika, uCharles Curran. Ngemva kwencwadi kapapa eyayiya kubefundisi ngo-1968 mayelana nokuvinjwa kwenzalo, uCurran nezinye izazi zamaKatolika ezingama-600 nezikhulu zesonto bakhipha incwadi eyayithi imibhangqwana ‘ikhululekile ukulandela onembeza bayo.’

■ Umpristi osegugile waseFrance. “Isonto ligcizelela ekukhulumeni ngendlela elenza lilahlekelwe yikho konke ukukholeka kwalo. . . . Liyaqhubeka libeka umthetho ongasebenzi.”