IComputer Ekubona Ingaphakathi

Ngomlobeli wePhaphama! eNew Zealand

LAPHO ngilunguza ngefasitela eliwumbhoxo, ngabona into engavamile. Izisebenzi ezigqoke amajazi amhlophe zazimi zizungeze indoda elele etafuleni. Yayifakwa ngekhanda kulokho okwakufana nomshini omkhulu wokulola amapeni! Ingabe lokhu kwakuyiphupho? Isigcawu sebhayisikobho eqanjiwe engokwezesayensi? Yini eyayenzeka?

Lokhu kwakwenzeka esibhedlela sendawo yakithi lapha eDunedin, esiQhingini esiseNingizimu yeNew Zealand. Umshini omkhulu wokulola amapeni ngempela wawuwuhlobo lomshini weX-ray oseqophelweni eliphezulu kakhulu obizwa ngokuthi isipopolo seCAT. Cha, awupopoli amakati—okungenani hhayi okwamanje. Lezinhlamvu ezintathu zimelele elithi Computerized Axial Tomography. Igama elithi “Tomography” livela emagameni esiGreki asho ‘ukubhala ucezu,’ futhi yilokho isipopolo seCAT esikwenzayo. Sithatha amaX-ray ‘ocezu’ lwakho, njengesalami, bese ‘sibhala phansi,’ noma sirekhode, lokho esikubonayo.

Mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi imishini emihle yeX-ray ithakazelisa kuphela kodokotela nezazi zesayensi, kodwa abantu lapha bafuna ukuba nesipopolo seCAT kakhulu kangangokuthi esinye sathengwa ngencwadi egunyazwe umphakathi. Izifunda ezimbili ezingomakhelwane zaseOtago naseSouthland zaqoqa amadola aseN.Z. ayizigidi ezimbili, (R3 000 000) ukuze zisithenge, okumelela umnikelo wemali engaphezu kwamadollar (aseN.Z.) angu-6 ovela kuwo wonke amadoda, abesifazane, nabantwana abakulendawo. Iyunivesithi yakithi nesikole sayo sobudokotela kwakwenze okukhulu ekuvuseni isithakazelo esinjalo emphakathini ngalomshini, kodwa lamaCAT manje aseyanda kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kungase kube khona omunye eduze nawe.

Usebenza Kanjani?

Uke wazithatha yini izithombe zeX-ray? Uma kunjalo, ngokunokwenzeka uyakhumbula mhla kudingeka ukuba ume noma ulale phezu kukangcwecwe omkhulu oyisicaba futhi unganyakazi. Ngesikhathi wenza lokho, imisebe engabonakali yeX-ray yadlula emzimbeni wakho futhi yathinta ipuleti lesithombe elingemva kwakho. Lapho amathambo akho esendleleni, imisebe eminingi yeX-ray yayivinjwa. Ezinye izicubu nezitho, kuye ngokuba ugqinsi kwazo, zayinciphisa imisebe yeX-ray ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Umphumela waba isithombe sethunzi salokho okwakungaphakathi kuwe, sibonisa amathambo ngokumhlophe nezicubu nezitho ezahlukahlukene ngemibala ecishe ibe yisishiyagalombili empunga.

AmaX-ray ahlangene ayeyolunga ukuba wonke amathambo akho nezitho bekundlaleke njengezimpahla zokukhangisa esitolo, kodwa, njengoba ungase ulindele, akunjalo. Okunye kuzifihle ngamahloni ngemva kokunye. Izithombe zakho zingathathwa kanjani? Akunakumiswa kahle njengabafana besikole lapho bema belungela ukuthatha isithombe sekilasi. Ngakho umthwebuli kumelwe anyakaze—izithombe zeX-ray kumelwe zithathwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.

Esipopolweni seCAT, isimo somshini wokulola ipeni sivumela ukuba amaX-ray athathwe kuwo wonke umzimba. Kuthathwa izithombe eziningi ezifinyelela kwezingu-700 ngemibala engaphezu kuka-250 empunga ‘zocezu’ olulodwa lwakho. Zonke lezizithombe zinikeza ukubonakala okuningiliziwe kakhulu kwalokho okungaphakathi kuwe kunokwake kwenzeka ngaphambili.

Kungani Kusetshenziswa I“computer”?

Njengoba kukuhle kangaka ukuthatha izithombe eziningi zeX-ray, kungenye indaba ngempela ukuqonda zonke lezi zithombe. Ungacabanga yini ngodokotela ohlinzayo omatasa eya ekhaya ngemva kosuku olukhathazayo ephethe amaX-ray angu-700 esisu sakho, elindele ukuwafunda ebusuku futhi alungele ukukuhlinza ngakusasa? Ungase uthi, ‘Akunakwenzeka. Uzozisingatha kanjani?’

Lenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ingase iqhathaniswe nokukhanyisa ingilazi enesiphuzo esibandayo namagenqele eqhwa ngethoshi. Ukukhanya bekuzodlula engilazini naseqhweni futhi kwenze umfanekiso esihenqweni esingemuva kwengilazi. Manje, ake sithi ujikelezisa ithoshi nesihenqo engilazini kuyilapho ubuka umfanekiso oshintshashintshayo wokukhanya nesithunzi. Ucabanga ukuthi ubungasisho isimo esithe ngqó segenqele ngalinye leqhwa?

Lokho kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka kuwe, kodwa awuwona ongenakwenzeka ngecomputer. Ukwaziswa okunikezwa ngamaX-ray kuthathwa izinzwa zamaelectron kunokuba kuthathwe ongcwecwe bezithombe. Ngokuqhathanisa ngokucophelela amaX-ray aphuma kuwe namaX-ray angene kuwe, icomputer ingasho ukuthi yini okumelwe ukuba ibingaphakathi kuwe lapho amaX-ray edlula. Ngaphezulu kakhulu kokuba imane ichaze ukuma kwezitho, icomputer inamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi ingabonisa ngisho nomehluko phakathi kwegazi elivamile nelinamahlule noma phakathi kwesicubu sobuchopho noketshezi. Eqinisweni, ingathatha umehluko omncane kakhulu wokuba ugqinsi kwesicubu lowo amaX-ray avamile ayomane angawunaki.

Ikuzuzisa Kanjani?

Kungumniningwane owengeziwe lowo onikezwa isipopolo seCAT osenza sithandeke kangaka kodokotela. Isipopolo seCAT singathola indlala encane ethambile yesicubu ebingeke ibonakale kuyiX-ray evamile—futhi isindise ukuphila njengoba yenza kanjalo. Izipopolo zeCAT ziyathandeka futhi nasezigulini ezincamela “ukusikwa” ngamaelectron kunokuba zisikwe ngokuhlinzwa. Zingagwema ukuhlinza okuningi kokuhlola, nakho konke ukungathandeki nobunkimbinkimbi bako. Ngaleyondlela, labo abafuna ukugwema ukuhlinzwa okunjalo, bangase babuze odokotela babo ukuthi isipopolo seCAT asinakuwenza yini umsebenzi esikhundleni sokuba bahlinzwe.

Ngisho nalapho ukuhlinzwa kungenakugwenywa, ukupopolwa ngeCAT kungasiza. Usihlalo noprofesa woMnyango WamaX-ray esikoleni sobudokotela saseyunivesithi wathi isipopolo seCAT singahlinza ngendlela eqonde kakhulu ngokunikeza odokotela abahlinzayo ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe kwalokho abazokuthola ngaphakathi kuwe. Wathi, “Isipopolo sibanikeza kona ngepuleti,” okuyinzuzo enkulu kokubili kudokotela nasesigulini.

Nokho, izipopolo zeCAT zinokulinganiselwa kwazo. Nakuba ukupopolwa ngeCAT kukwazi ukuthola izinkinga eziningi, ngokuvamile ezingeni lokuqala lokwelapheka, azikwazi ukwelapha lutho. Nakuba zikwazi ukuthatha indawo yokuhlinzwa kokuhlola okuningi, nokungathandeki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okuyingozi, aziyithathi ngaso sonke isikhathi indawo yokuhlinzwa. Akumelwe uye kudokotela wakho futhi ufune ngenkani ukupopolwa ngeCAT ngaso sonke isikhathi ophathwa ngaso ikhanda. Khumbula ukuthi wonke amaX-ray anengozi encane kodwa ephawulekayo empilweni futhi akumelwe athathwe ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinhle ezingokwempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma udokotela wakho etusa ukuba upopolwe ngeCAT, jabula ngokuthi lomshini wezesayensi omangalisayo uyatholakala ukuze ukukhonze.

[Isithombe ekhasini 26]

Ukungena emshinini wokupopola weCAT

[Umthombo]

Camerique/H. Armstrong Roberts