Indlela Odokotela Ababhekana Ngayo Nengculaza
INGOZI yokuthola ingculaza ngegazi iye yabangela abanye odokotela abahlinzayo ukuba basebenzise lokho iNew York Times ekubiza ngokuthi “isivikelo esisha sokuhlinza sokubhekana nenkathi yengculaza.” Lesivikelo sikadokotela ohlinzayo sihlanganisa “amabhuzi enjoloba, iphinifa elide elingenakungenwa amanzi, amagilavu amane, izivikeli zemikhono ezingenakungenwa amanzi nezibuko zokuvikela amehlo.” Futhi ikakhulukazi ezigulini okusetshenzwa kakhulu ngegazi kuzo, iTimes ithi, “kunesigqoko esinesivikelo sobuso esivala ubuso bonke.”
Ngokuphawulekayo, ngasekupheleni kuka-1990, iziKhungo Zikahulumeni Zokulawula Izifo zathi ezigulini ezinengculaza ezingu-153 000 ezabikwa, ezingu-637 zazingodokotela, ezingu-42 zazingodokotela abahlinzayo, ezingu-156 zazingodokotela bamazinyo nezazi zezempilo, futhi ezingu-1 199 zazingabahlengikazi.
Ingculaza yatholakala okokuqala ngqá ngo-1981. Esikhathini esithile yayigcina ikakhulukazi kongqingili babesilisa nasemilutheni yezidakamizwa eyayithola lesifo ngezinalithi ezingcolile. Kodwa ukusakazeka kwaso phakathi kwabesifazane kuye kwashesha. IWorld Health, umagazini weWHO (World Health Organization [INhlangano Yezwe Yezempilo]), yabika kumagazini wayo kaNovember-December 1990: “Inani labesifazane [emhlabeni jikelele] okulindeleke ukuba baphathwe ingculaza phakathi neminyaka emibili ezayo liyodlula ingqikithi iyonke yazo zonke iziguli ezazinengculaza ezabikwa kuyiWHO phakathi neshumi lokuqala leminyaka lalomqedazwe.”
EUnited States, iziKhungo Zombuso Zokulawula Izifo zabika ukuthi ngasekupheleni kuka-1990, kwase kunabantu abangu-15 696 abaneminyaka yobudala engaphezu kuka-50 abase benezimpawu zengculaza. Lelo inani elikhulu uma liqhathaniswa neziguli ezingu-2 686 ezinengculaza ezingabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-13, okuyiqembu lezisulu zengculaza eliye lalethwa kakhulu ekunakekeleni komphakathi.
Abantu asebekhulile bayithola kanjani ingculaza? Abaningi bayithola njengomphumela wemikhuba yobungqingili. Nokho, ngokweNew York Times, “cishe amaphesenti angu-17 ezisulu athola leligciwane ngokumpontshelwa igazi elingcolile.” Lokho kufinyelela enanini leziguli ezinengculaza ezingabantu asebekhulile ezayithola ngokumpontshelwa igazi elicishe lilingane nenani eliyingqikithi leziguli ezinengculaza ezingabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-13!